POPS ENABLING ACTIVITIES
UKRAINE
Project Identifiers
1. Project Number:
3. GEF Implementing Agency:
United Nations Environment Programme
2. Project Name:
Enabling activities for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs):
National Implementation Plan for Ukraine
4. Eligibility:
Ukraine acceded to the Stockholm Convention on 23 May 2001
5. The Country: Ukraine
6. Name of GEF national operational focal point and date the endorsement letter (attached) was
signed:
Mr. S. Kurykin, Minster
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine
GEF Political Focal Point
5 Khreshchatyk ST.
01001 Kyiv, Ukraine
Tel: (38044) 226 24 28
Fax: (38044)2298383
Mr Anatoly Grytsenko, Deputy State Secretary
GEF Operational Focal Point
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine
5 Khreshchatyk ST.
01001 Kyiv, Ukraine
Tel: (38044) 226 24 28
Fax: (38044)2286926
Endorsement letter included in Annex 1
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Summary of Project Objectives, Activities, and Expected Outcomes
7. Project objectives: The overall project objective is to develop a National Implementation Plan (NIP)
for POPs issues with the assistance of international organisations so that Ukraine can effectively address
the reduction and elimination of persistent organic pollutants consistent with the protection of human
health and the environment from the effect thereof, and meet its obligations under the Stockholm
Convention. Within this overall objective the following specific objectives have been identified.
 Develop a comprehensive country driven NIP for reduction and elimination of POPs
compliant with the provisions of the Stockholm Convention and other relevant
international conventions in the area of chemicals and chemical pollutants management.
 Strengthen national institutional and technical capacity of the country as required to
undertake implementation of the NIP, meet Convention compliance and reporting
obligations, facilitate effective information exchange, and participate fully as a Party to
the Stockholm Convention in the long term.
 Achieve a high level of awareness of the POPs issue and sustained ownership respecting
the NIP and international obligations among decision makers.
 Achieve a high level of public and stakeholder participation in the development of NIP
for the reduction of elimination of POPs in Ukraine.
 Develop the NIP ensuring that the POPs management is an integral part of the country’s
overall environment monitoring system and specifically the management of chemicals
and chemical pollutants.
 Create conditions for the ratification of the Stockholm Convention by Ukraine in
accordance with full understanding of the national obligations set forth therein and the
country’s preparedness to comply therewith.
8. Project activities:
The proposed project activities will be aimed at the preparation of the comprehensive National
Implementation Plan for the reduction or elimination of POPs and further implementation thereof in
Ukraine, as well as associated country capacity building required for the NIP implementation.
This project shall also strengthen for sustainable local capacity to support NIP implementation and
participation as a Party to the Convention. Information exchange and public awareness will be an integral
part of both NIP preparation. The specific activities proposed will be consistent with the Annex B to the
GEF "Initial Guidelines for Enabling Activities for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollutants", and follow the recommended step-wise framework for similar projects. The proposed list of
actions for the project is described in greater detail in the following Project Description and provided in
the tabular form in Annex 3. It may form the basis for the project’s detailed work plan and serve as a
control tool for the step-wise implementation thereof.
The project implementation activities are summarised in the context of responding to Convention
obligations in the following:

NIP preparation activities will (a) undertake inventories of sources and emissions of
POPs listed in Annexes A, B and C to the Stockholm Convention on POPs, (b) prepare
an assessment of stockpiles of Annex A and B POPs and of equipment and waste
products contaminated with POPs, (c) develop an Action Plan to address the reduction or
elimination of releases of unintentional production of Annex C POPs; (d) develop
strategies for the management of identified POPs sources and inventories, including
opportunities for disposal, (e) identify sites of contaminated by POPs; (f) assess national
institutional and technical capacity and requirements for NIP implementation; (g)
undertake consultation on and obtain national endorsement of the finalised NIP; and (h)
develop prioritised proposals for NIP implementation activities utilising financing
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opportunities provided within framework the World Bank’s CAS for Ukraine and other
international assistance sources.
Build NIP implementation capacity to: (a) pursue financial support for NIP
implementation measures; (b) develop and enforce the necessary regulatory measures
required to support NIP implementation and meet Convention obligations; (c) support
Ukraine’s participation as a Party to the Convention; (d) meet obligations under the
Convention in respect of timely reporting to the Convention Secretariat on the
compliance with its provisions; and (e) support compliance under international
chemicals management conventions Ukraine is a party to.
Information exchange, and public information, awareness and education as described in
Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention will be addressed by: (a) utilisation of a multistakeholder participatory processes for NIP preparation; (b) preparation of a
communication exchange strategy as part of the NIP and establishment of the National
Focal Point for information exchange within the Ministry of Environment and Natural
Resources of Ukraine; (c) participation of all stakeholders in international information
exchange initiatives related to POPs and their effect on the environment and human
health; (d) development of specific programmes to increase the awareness of social
groups potentially impacted by chemical pollutants;
9. Project duration:
2 years
10. Project expected outcomes:
The main expected outcomes of this project are:
 A National Implementation Plan as called for in Article 7 of the Convention that
identifies measures, on a prioritised basis, that will reduce the impact of POPs on the
human health and environment, as well as the mechanisms of state (regulatory)
management of POPs.
 A sustainable national institutional framework governing the management of the POPs
issue in the form of appropriate legislative and regulatory measures.
 A National Inter-Agency Co-ordinating Committee providing oversight and coordination
responsible for the measures undertaken on the national level.
 A comprehensive knowledge base respecting sources of POPs and POPs related
emissions, and assessing environmental and health impacts and risks.
 Enhanced capacity for implementation of related chemicals conventions in an integrated
fashion with the Stockholm Conventional and their collective linkage to the country’s
overall efforts related to chemicals management and protection measures related to
chemical pollutants.
 A POPs communication strategy oriented to broad awareness of health and
environmental impacts of POPs, and to sustained stakeholder and public support in the
implementation of the NIP.
 Preparation for the ratification of the Stockholm Convention by Ukraine and the country
being fully prepared for participation as a Party to the Convention;
11. Estimated total budget (see Project Description): US$ 499,050
12. Amount being requested from the GEF:
US$ 499,050
The Government of Ukraine will make an in kind contribution for the project implementation of
US$50,000 by providing necessary office space for project supervision by the Ministry of the
Environment and Natural Resources (MENR), conference rooms for meetings and workshops and the
salaries of a number of the civil servants who are involved in NIP preparation in addition to those
covered by the project, consultation or approval activities associated with the NIP.
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As supplementary funding for associated initiatives complementary to the GEF enabling activities,
UNEP will arrange bilateral assistance for local experts to undertake a national PCB inventory, and
support as required from international experts.
The World Bank will arrange bilateral assistance from the Canadian POPs Trust Fund for supplementary
regional initiative in Donetsk Oblast for detailed site specific POPs inventories and prepare industrial and
infrastructure investment proposals providing POPs release reduction and elimination benefits consistent
with the NIP and which may potentially be financed by World Bank operations in the Donetsk.
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Information on the institution submitting the Project Brief
13. Information on the organisation submitting the proposal:
This proposal is submitted by the Ministry of Environment and National Resources of Ukraine.
MENR as the State agency with national executive power and responsibility for environmental
protection in Ukraine and is specifically responsible for the implementation of the Stockholm
Convention on POPs is submitting the proposal under the authority of the Minister.
Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine
5, Khreshchatyk St.
01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
14. Information on the proposed executing organisation:
The Department of Ecological Safety within the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of
Ukraine will act as the local Executing Agency In this capacity, it will be supported by project
implementation and technical expertise provided by individuals drawn from several recognized
organizations. These include the National Centre for Hazardous Waste Management (NCHWM,
Kyiv) the Ukraine Scientific-Research Institute of Ecological Problems (SRIEP, Kharkiv),
Interagency Environment Centre (IEC, Kharkiv), Institute of Ecohygiene and Toxicology named
after Medved (IEHT, Kyiv), and Institute of Occupational Safety (IOS, Kyiv). A profile of MENR
is included in Annex 1. The Executing Agency contact persons are:
Mr. Yevgen Matorin,
National Focal Point for the Stockholm Convention and Rotterdam Convention implementation in
Ukraine
Head of the Department of Ecological Safety
Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine
5, Khreshchatyk St.
01001 Kyiv, Ukraine
Tel.:
(380-44) 228-05-43
Fax:
(380-44) 228-34-14
E-Mail: Matorin@menr.gov.ua
Ms. Olena Ligostayeva
Project Co-ordinator
Chief, Branch of Programs and Standards Atmosphere Air Division
Department of Ecological Safety
Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine
5, Khreshchatyk St.
01001 Kyiv, Ukraine
Tel.:
(380-44) 228-06-06
Fax:
(380-44) 228-34-14
E-Mail: envsaf@menr.gov.ua
15. Date the proposal was submitted to a GEF Implementing Agency:
Endorsement letter applicable to the Implementing Agency and Submission Letter to the
Implementing Agency are included in Annex 1
16. Date the proposal was submitted to the GEF Secretariat: 20/11/02
17. Date the proposal was approved:
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18. Date of first disbursement:
Information to be completed by the GEF Implementing Agency:
19. GEF Implementing Agency:
Mr Ahmed Djoghlaf, Director, Division of GEF Coordination, UNEP, Nairobi, tel. (254 2)
624165, fax (254 2) 624041, ahmed.djoghlaf@unep.org
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Project Description
Introduction
The project “Enabling activities related to the implementation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent
Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Ukraine” will undertake the development of a comprehensive National
Implementation Plan (NIP) and related activities associated with ensuring sustained Government commitment
to its implementation and participation as a party to Stockholm Convention. It will cover the NIP preparation
cycle inclusive of preparing the country for ratification of the Convention, being in a position to submit the
NIP to the COP in accordance with Article 7, and being ready to initiate implementation of the NIP
consistence with Ukraine’s obligations as a Party to the Convention. In addition it is intended that the NIP
preparation work would seek to integrate this activity with the country’s overall efforts related to chemicals
and chemicals pollutant management, environment and human health protection from adverse impact of
chemical pollutants and will take into account the provisions of other international conventions, the Basel and
Rotterdam Conventions in particular. The project will be undertaken within the framework of Ukraine’s
overall environmental management system and the government’s active efforts to strengthen it in co-operation
with the international community. This is intended to further maximise the sustainability of the country’s
efforts to address the POPs management issue.
The Government of Ukraine has selected UNEP as the international implementing agency through which it
will undertake the project implementation. It has been agreed that this work will be undertaken in co-operation
with the World Bank. This arrangement is based on the long-standing positive relationship between these two
international organisations and Ukraine. UNEP is a recognised leader among international organisations that
offer the comprehensive technical and scientific capacity for the POPs issue and those related to it, making this
agency an ideal partner for the proposed project implementation in Ukraine. At the same time, the World Bank
offers a strong permanent presence in Ukraine, experience with strategic institutional strengthening in the
environmental field and the potential to integrate the co-financing of NIP development and implementation
activities into an established financial assistance framework. It also has demonstrated its capability in
supporting delivering Convention related investment assistance. This offers the basis for a longer-term
implementing agency partnership as the country undertakes NIP implementation under the Convention’s
permanent financial mechanism.
Based on the high level of the country’s industrialisation and the current status of the industrial technology
development in Ukraine representative of the common economic system that existed in the former Soviet
Union, the scale of POPs related problems in Ukraine is significant.. The country’s need for resources to
address these problems is second only to the Russian Federation among the ex-USSR countries. As a
consequence, the present proposal to the GEF proposes to utilise the maximum funding allowed under the
GEF’s expedited processing procedures as the core funding for the NIP preparation and capacity building
activities involved in the enabling activities. Additional bilateral funding and in-kind country contribution
have been or are being arranged to supplement this, thus allowing the country to undertake a timely and
comprehensive effort in addressing the POPs management issue in Ukraine.
Country Overview
Ukraine is the second largest country in terms of land mass in Europe after the Russian Federation. Until
independence in 1991, Ukraine was the second largest constituent republic in the Soviet Union in terms of
both population and industrial output volume. It occupies 603,548 thousand km2 in South Eastern Europe on
the north shore of the Black Sea and Azov Sea. Its population in January 2002 was 48 million 860 thousand
with a rural to urban distribution of 35% to 65% and a gender distribution of 53 % female and 47 % male.
Ukraine is experiencing a decrease in overall population something that is attributable to a lower birth rate
and declining life expectancy. The average life expectancy in 2000 was 67.8 years, or 0.5 years less than in
1999 (68.3 years). It was namely, 62.2 years for men and 73.4 years for women, which is, correspondingly,
0.5 years and 0.3 years less than in 1999. The average annual reduction in the overall population was 0.4% in
1990 – 1999 and 0.8% in 2000. These trends have been observed since 1993.
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After a long economic crisis being a result of complex restructuring launched immediately after the
independence, the economy of Ukraine has been showing a stable trend in the growth of main indicators
during the lest several years. Ukraine is a world leader in some areas of industry (in cast iron and steel
production, in particular) but its industrial sector in general is characterised by high energy intensity and
obsolete inefficient technologies being a result of insufficient capital investments during the recent years.
The agricultural sector is a major producer of grains, oilseeds, livestock, root and fibre crops, fruits and
vegetables and animal husbandry products. Ukraine contains about 25 percent of the world’s rich black soil,
as well as 27 percent of Europe’s tilled soil, giving it 0.64 hectares of tilled soil per capita, compared with
0.25 hectares for Europe as a whole. However, agricultural output has been falling for a number of years and
the country’s fertile land is considered to be under producing
The country has significant environmental problems similar to those found in other industrialized countries
with economies in transition. These include high levels of air pollution in urban and industrialized areas,
significant degradation of surface and ground water resources, and over taxed industrial and municipal waste
management infrastructure exhibiting low environmental performance. The impacts of pollution are thought to
be a contributor to a range of health impacts on the population ranging from cancer, respiratory aliments and
drinking water related intestinal conditions. Significant degradation of bio-resources, particularly in Azov and
Black Seas are generally attributable to pollution originating from industrial and agricultural sources.
Consistent with the principles of sustainable development, one of the priorities in the Ukrainian economic
restructuring is represented by tasks aimed at the improvement of environmental performance of the industrial
production and reduction of the man’s impact on the nature, balanced use and reproduction of natural resources
resulting from human activities by decreasing of resource and energy intensity of production.
Project Objectives
The overall project objective is to develop a POP National Implementation Plan (NIP) and provide supporting
capacity strengthening for its development such that Ukraine can effectively address the reduction and
elimination of persistent organic pollutants consistent with the protection of human health and the
environment and meet its obligations under the Stockholm Convention: Within this overall objective the
following specific objectives have been identified.

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

Develop a comprehensive country driven NIP for reduction and elimination of POPs compliant with the
provisions of the Stockholm Convention and other relevant international conventions in the area of
chemicals and chemical pollutants management.
Strengthen national institutional and technical capacity of the country as required to undertake
implementation of the NIP, meet Convention compliance and reporting obligations, facilitate effective
information exchange, and participate fully as a Party to the Stockholm Convention in the long term.
Achieve a high level of awareness of the POPs issue and sustained ownership respecting the NIP and
international obligations among decision makers.
Achieve a high level of public and stakeholder participation in the development of NIP for the reduction
of elimination of POPs in Ukraine.
Develop the NIP ensuring that the POPs management is an integral part of the country’s overall
environment monitoring system and specifically the management of chemicals and chemical pollutants.
Create conditions for the ratification of the Stockholm Convention by Ukraine in accordance with full
understanding of the national obligations set forth therein and the country’s preparedness to comply
therewith.
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Provide the basis for expedited financing of NIP implementation measures through preparation of a
portfolio of investment, technical assistance and capacity related proposals potentially eligible for grant
financing under the Convention’s permanent financial mechanism and co-financing through financing
opportunities offered within the World Bank Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) framework and such
opportunities as may be available from other international sources.
Project Scope and Activities
The project activities as outlined in the following are designed to generally follow the stepwise approach set
out in the GEF Initial Guidelines for Enabling Activities for the Stockholm Convention on POPs with
adaptation to national conditions and circumstances as appropriate. In Annex 3, a preliminary Table of
Contents for the NIP is provided along with a checklist of activities that would form the basis the detailed
Work Plan and task assignments.
Step 1: Establish the Enabling Activity Project Co-ordinating Mechanisms
Activities:
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Identifying and agreeing on initial responsibilities amongst government agencies regarding
preparation of a National Implementation Plan, as well as amongst other key stakeholders civil society, academic, public interest NGOs, and private sector;
Establishing a National Inter-Agency Co-ordinating Committee (NIACC) made up of major
institutional stakeholders (top management level), which will be responsible for ensuring
broad government commitment to the NIP preparation and implementation;
Establishing the Project Management Unit (PMU) under the supervision of MENR and
specifically the National Co-ordinator of the Stockholm Convention Implementation
(National Focal Point) and Project Coordinator in the Department of Ecological Safety;
Assessing capacities and needs of the PMU which will serve as the NIACC Secretariat and
co-ordination responsibility for NIP preparation and provide core institutional capacity within
the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine for compliance with
Convention obligations;
Preparing detailed project work plans, task assignments and schedule; and
Organising a broad-based stakeholder inception workshop to introduce and review project
plans and implementation arrangements.
Outcomes:
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Relevant responsibilities agreed amongst government agencies and other stakeholders;
NAICC and PMU established;
Capacity assessment of NAICC and PMU completed;
Project work plans prepared by PMU and endorsed by NAICC; and
Stakeholder review and discussion of project work plans and implementation arrangements
completed and agreed during the inception workshop.
Step 2. Establishment of a POPs inventory and assessment of the existing infrastructure and capacity
a) Identification of capacity required for the project implementation
Activities
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Developing of the mechanism of co-operation in the project implementation between NAIC,
PMU and national and external sources of technical expertise;
Providing information, training, equipment and administrative support; and,
Organisation of training for the PMU based on the capacity assessment in Step 1.
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Outcomes:
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The PMU is operational and has access to necessary levels of technical expertise; and
NAICC and PMU have the necessary capacity for project implementation in co-operation
with the international implementing agency and other international organisations
participating in its implementation in Ukraine.
b) Assessment of the National Institutional Capacity
Activities:
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Identifying state institutions with responsibilities for POPs management activities and assess
the effectiveness of existing institutional arrangements and supporting staff resources;
Assessing the present POPs regulatory framework and its correspondence to the provisions
and requirements of the Stockholm convention;
Evaluating existing enforcement infrastructure and its capacity to achieve Stockholm
Convention compliance;
Assessing the country’s current capacity in relation to the current international understanding
of Best Available Techniques (BAT) and Best Environmental Practices (BEP) in the area of
Pops and POPs wastes management in accordance with the modern understanding thereof;
and
Evaluating the POPs monitoring and research and development capacity, as well as
mechanisms for information collection and exchange.
Outcomes:
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An assessment of national institutional and supporting staff capacities for management of the
POPs issue;
An assessment of national POPs regulatory framework and enforcement capacities;
An assessment of national “Best Available Techniques” and “Best Environmental Practices ”
capacities as applied to handling, storage and disposal of POPs wastes and to reduction and
elimination of releases from unintended production;
An assessment of the national POPs monitoring and research and development capacity at the
national level and of the current POPs system of information gathering and dissemination;
and,
d) Gathering information on POPs inventories, sources and emissions in Ukraine
Activities:
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Define the detailed scope and peculiarities of POPs related issues in Ukraine;
Assess the scope of use, retention (storage) and release, in accordance with the Convention,
for i) POPs Pesticides (Annex A, Part I Chemicals and Annex B Chemicals), ii) PCBs
(Annex A, Part II Chemicals), iii) releases from unintentional production of dioxins, furans,
HCB and PCBs (Annex C Chemicals), and v) POPs Contaminated Sites;
Gather and analyse available information on the POPs impact of the environment and human
health;
Establish and train task teams to undertake inventories of POPs defined in the Stockholm
Convention and as may be applicable other Persistent Toxic Substances (PTS) as may be
defined under the POPs Protocol of the LRTAP Convention;
Identify possible opportunities and options for reduction or elimination of releases of POPs in
accordance with provisions of Article 6 of the Convention;
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Facilitate continuing development of regional and national Pollutant Release and Transfer
Registers (PRTRs) being undertaken in co-operation with UNEP particularly in respect to
compliance with the Protocol on PRTRs under the Aarhus Convention on Access to
Information;
Analyse the POPs data obtained, including information on POPs inventory, assessment of
public awareness level and data of the existing or potential impact of POPs on human health
and environment to provide a comprehensive baseline for NIP development.
Outcomes:
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The detailed scope and peculiarities of POPs related issues in Ukraine is identified;
Task teams have the necessary skills to conduct and maintain POPs inventories;
An inventory of POPs and POPs releases to the environment is created for potential
application in PRTRs; and
Opportunities/options for the reduction and elimination of releases from stockpiles and
wastes are identified.
d) Social and economic valuation of the POPs reduction and elimination project implementation in Ukraine
Activities:
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Assessing the social and economic implications of POPs reduction and elimination; including
the need for enhanced local commercial infrastructure for promoting alternative technologies,
products and practices;
Identifying risk groups in respect of the existing or potential POPs related human health, and
territories that may suffer significantly from emissions of POPs into environment.
.
Outcomes:
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Identification of risk groups in respect of the existing or potential POPs related human health,
and territories that may suffer significantly from emissions of POPs into environment; and,
Social assessment and economic valuation of the POPs reduction/ elimination project
implementation.
Step 3: Priority setting and determination of objectives
Activities:
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Determining the national objectives for reduction and/ or elimination of POPs releases into
environment;
Developing criteria for POPs prioritising and options to reduce and eliminate POPs releases,
taking into account health and environmental impacts, based on the results of the POPs
inventory and impact work undertaken within the framework of Step 2;
Determining the need for any country-specific exemptions that exist or may be potentially
justified;
Identifying the detailed scope of work on POPs reduction or elimination in Ukraine and
developing the final Table of Contents of the NIP;
Organising a multi-stakeholder review of prioritisation criteria in the area of POPs
management and NIP scope, and solicitation of stakeholder input on application of criteria.
Outcomes:
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Agreed national objectives for reduction and elimination of POPs releases;
Agreed criteria for POPs prioritising and options to reduce and eliminate POPs releases;
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Stakeholder input on prioritisation criteria received and integrated;
POPs and POPs reduction and/ or elimination prioritisation completed and the final Table of
Content of NIP developed; and
Agreed scope of work on POPs reduction or elimination in Ukraine and Table of Contents of
the NIP.
Step 4: Formulation of the National Implementation Plan on POPs for meeting Ukraine’s obligations under
the Stockholm Convention
Activities:
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Establishing task teams to develop action plans for addressing specific POPs;
Identifying management options, including phase out and risk reduction options so as to
effectively reduce and/ or eliminate POPs sources and uses, and to manage and dispose POPs
stockpiles and wastes taking into account the socio economic considerations;
Defining actions to remove barriers (legal/regulatory, institutional, economic, social,
financial and technical) to the effective implementation of POPs phase out, release reduction,
elimination, and disposal measures required for Convention compliance;
Identifying capacity building actions as required, including institutional strengthening,
training, equipment (including laboratory equipment), research and development, legal and
regulatory measures (regulations and enforcement), and monitoring of POPs;
Developing necessary actions and strategies to meet reporting, and information exchange
obligations under the Stockholm Convention;
Determining the needs for introduction and transfer of technologies and know-how and/ or
enhanced use and development of indigenous knowledge and alternatives taking into account
the socio-economic considerations;
Developing a prioritised portfolio of proposed investment and capacity building initiatives in
the near, medium and long term required to support the implementation of the NIP taking
into account the socio-economic considerations; and
Preparing preliminary cost estimates for initiatives identified in the draft National
Implementation Plan.
Outcomes:
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POPs National Action Plan task teams have been established;
Barriers (legal/regulatory, institutional, economic, social, financial and technical) to the
effective implementation of POPs phase out, release reduction, elimination, and disposal
measures required for Convention compliance have been identified;
Necessary capacity building activities have been identified;
Technology and know-how transfer needs have been identified;
A draft National Implementation Plan has been prepared;
Proposed portfolio of investment and capacity building initiatives required for the NIP
implementation is developed; and
Initial cost estimates for the implementation of the NIP have been prepared.
Step 5 Preparing of a POPs communication strategy
Activities:
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Identifying necessary directions and actions for information exchange, public education,
communication and awareness raising, taking into attention risk perception of POPs by the
public;
Identifying existing regulatory gaps in providing POPs related information to the public and
in public participation in POPs decision-making;
Conducting a social survey to identify main public concern regarding POPs in Ukraine;
Assessing the level of public and stakeholder awareness respecting the POPs issue; and
Preparing a relevant POPs communication strategy.
Outcomes:
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Awareness raising and information exchange mechanisms have been identified;
POPs social survey conducted; and
POPs communication strategy prepared.
Step 6. Creation of conditions for the Convention ratification and NIP endorsement
Activities:
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Organising briefings for high level Government officials on the Stockholm Convention on
POPs and the draft of National Implementation Plan on POPs;
Disseminating the draft NIP and necessary supporting information to stakeholders for review;
Organising stakeholder workshop(s) and circulating information to facilitate a review of the
draft NIP towards the goal of consensus;
Finalising the NIP based on the above review and comments process;
Securing Government, private sector, donor and other resource commitments to financing of
the National Implementation Plan implementation; and.
Supporting the Government’s decision making process related to ratification of the
Convention.
Outcomes:
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A high level workshop for the Ukrainian Government top officials on the National Action
Plan on POPs reduction or elimination in Ukraine has been conducted;
Broad dissemination of the NIP to stakeholder communities;
Stakeholder workshops have been completed and consensus built on the NIP;
A final version of the NIP has been prepared integrating input from the review process and
submitted for approval to the Government; and
Conditions for the Stockholm Convention ratification by Ukraine have been created.
Project Implementation Plan
a)
Implementation Arrangement
The Department of Ecological Safety within the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine
will act as the local Executing Organization for the project. Overall management supervision of the project
will be provided by Mr. Yevgen Matorin, Head of the Department of Ecological Safety (MENR) and
National Co-ordinator of the Stockholm, Basel and Rotterdam Conventions implementation in Ukraine. Ms.
Olena Ligostayeva, Chief, Branch of Programs and Standards of Atmosphere Air Division, Department of
Ecological Safety will act as Project Co-ordinator. Under the authority delegated to MENR by the Cabinet of
Ministers for the POPs management issue and development of the NIP, MENR will organise and chair a
National Inter-Agency Co-ordinating Committee (NIACC) having representation from the stakeholder
ministries and other state agencies and organisations.
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The day-to-day management of the project will be undertaken by a Project Management Unit (PMU)
established by MENR and working under the Department of Ecological Safety. The PMU will be supported
by project implementation and technical expertise provided by individuals drawn from several recognized
organizations. These include the National Centre for Hazardous Waste Management (NCHWM, Kyiv) the
Ukraine Scientific-Research Institute of Ecological Problems (SRIEP, Kharkiv), Interagency Environment
Centre (IEC, Kharkiv), Institute of Ecohygiene and Toxicology named after Medved (IEHT, Kyiv), and
Institute of Occupational Safety (IOS, Kyiv). Specific assignments within the project work plan may be
undertaken by task groups drawn from stakeholder organisations, supported by local experts. Alternatively,
certain work plan assignments may be contracted to national organisations or institutes with relevant expertise
in the POPs management area.
Supervision of the project on behalf of the GEF will be provided by representatives of UNEP. Procurement
utilising GEF funding will be administered by the PMU under the UN procurement procedures based on
competitive bidding. Grant funds will be administered in accordance with UNEP disbursement practices and
governed by the terms and conditions defined in the agreed to Project Document signed by UNEP and the
MENR (beneficiary) which will constitute the legal agreement between UNEP and MENR (beneficiary).
14
b) Implementation Schedule
STE
P
ACTIVITIES
PROJECT MONTHS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
1 Establish the Enabling Activity Project Co-ordinating Mechanisms
A
NIAC established and stakeholder consultation on responsibilities
B
PMU established and operational
C
Expand expertise network/current knowledge base on POPs and assess public awareness
D
Undertake initial national capacity assessment – PMU/NIAC
E
Define detailed project scope work plans, task assignments and schedule
F
Organising stakeholder inception workshop to introduce and review project plans
__
__
__
__
__ __ __
__ __ __ __
__ __ __
__
2 Establishing a POPs Inventory and Assessing National Infrastructure and Capacity
A
PMU capacity building – Training/equipment
B
Institutional capacity – Regulatory/Technology/Monitoring/R&D/Related conventions
C
Socio-economic valuation: public/stakeholder awareness, health/environmental impacts
D
Finalise scope of national POPs baseline (profile)
E
Task team formation/Inventory training
F
Inventory preparation: POPs Pesticides, PCBs, unintended production, contaminated sites
G
Facilitate PRTR development
H
Consolidate health and environmental impact data
I
Assessment of the POPs management infrastructure capacity
J
External independent review of initial national POPs inventories
K
Assemble POPs baseline (profile)/Workshop
3
B
Priority Setting and Determining Objectives
Determine national priorities, scope of work on POPs reduction or elimination in Ukraine and exemption
requirements within the framework of the Stockholm Convention
Identification and assessment of possibilities to apply Best Available Practices for POPs reduction or
elimination in Ukraine and development of proposals for the implementation thereof
C
Multi-stakeholder review of prioritisation and NIP scope
4
Formulating a National Action Plan, and specific Action Plans on POPs
A
Organise task teams for NIP reparation assignments
B
Finalise the national strategy of POPs management in Ukraine
C
Prepare action plans for legal, regulatory and institutional measures
D
E
Prepare strategies - reporting, information exchange and public awareness/ education
Prepare action plans for POPs Pesticides, PCBs, intended production, contaminated sites, monitoring,
R&D, and technology transfer
F
Develop prioritised portfolio of investment projects
G
Prepare the NIP implementation cost estimate
H
Assemble the draft NIP for consultation
I
Stakeholder consultation/ workshop
5
Preparing a POPs Communication Strategy
A
Identify gaps in public information and participation
B
Prepare a POPs communication strategy for NIP implementation
6
Endorsement of NIP by Stakeholders
A
National stakeholders workshop
B
Secure formal institutional stakeholder endorsement of the NIP
Issue NIP for the formal Government approval/ decision; preparation of a resolution on the Stockholm
Convention ratification by Ukraine
A
C
__
__ __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __
__ __ __
__
__ __ __ __ __ __
__ __
__
__ __
__
__ __
__
__
__ __ __
__ __
__ __
__
__
__ __
__ __ __ __ __
__ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __
__ __
__ __
__
__ __
__ __ __
__
__ __ __
__ __ __
Project Budget
The following table presents the project budget allocated to the main project activity with each step described
above and cost items associated with them.
Component
Number of Units
Unit Cost (USD)
Total Cost (USD)
1. Establish/ Operate the Enabling Activity Project Co-ordinating Mechanisms (Note 1)
National Coordinator
24 months
1300
31200
PMU staff (Contracted)
24 months
1700
40800
PMU Operating Costs
PMU Communication/ Printing/ Translation
Costs
PMU Equipment*
24 months
400
9600
10000
Technical Assistance (International)
PMU Staff Travel
PMU Training
Travel (external) – cost of travel for onsite
training in countries with a developed POPs
management system
Inception Workshop
1 office support
package
0,5 months
24 months
12000
15000
200
foreign case study
trips
8000
7500
4800
5000
8000
1 event 1 days
80 part.
8000
8000
Sub-total
2. POPs inventory and assessment of national infrastructure capacity
136900
Technical Assistance (Local)**
36 months
1200
43200
Technical Assistance (International)
1 months
15,000
15000
15000
15000
18000
18000
1200
31200
Inventory Training
***
Sampling Equipment Toolkits
Travel
****
(Local)
26 local trips
Sub-total
3. Setting priorities and determining objectives
Technical Assistance
122400
18 months
1200
21600
Technical Assistance (International)
0,5 months
15000
7500
5000
8000
5000
8000
1250
5000
Priority Setting Workshop
1 event 1 day 50 part.
Information dissemination and awareness raising
activities
Travel consultations in the regions (Local)
4 trips
*
Equipment includes 4 workstations, 1 overhead projector and 1 multimedia projector.
Assumption is made that one month per each oblast will be required for field visits and report preparation
(multiplied by 25 administrative oblasts and Autonomous Republic of Crimea)
***
One-day workshop will be organized for experts involved in POPs inventory
****
Trips to 25 oblasts and Autonomous Republic of Crimea
**
16
Sub-total
47100
4. Formulation of the NIP and Specific Actions Plans
Technical Assistance (Local)
66 months
Technical Assistance (International)
1 month
Public Consultations on Specific Action Plans
4 events
Travel
Sub-total
5. Preparing a POPs communication strategy
Technical Assistance (Local)
Awareness raising and advocacy activities
Information Dissemination
Travel for public consultations
1200
15,000
13000
79200
15000
12000
13000
119200
6 months
1200
12000
7200
12000
7500
15000
Sub-Total
6. NIP endorsement and creation of conditions for the Convention ratification
Technical Assistance (Local)
10 months
1200
Technical Assistance (International)
0.25 months
15,000
Information dissemination of final report
8000
Stakeholder Workshop
1 day 70 partic.
7000
41700
Sub-total
Total Cost of Enabling Activities
30750
499050
Multiple
12000
4000
8000
7000
Note 1: Costs for the PMU are for the whole project.
Note 2: International technical assistance includes travel costs
17
Annex 1
Executing Agency Background
A 1.1
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine
The current statute of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine (MENR) approved by
the Enactment of the President of Ukraine # 724/2000 of May 29, 2000 “Issues of the Ministry of
Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine” identifies the Ministry as a central executive authority
involved in environmental protection, efficient use of natural resources, ecological, nuclear, and radiation
safety as well as hydrometeorological, topographogeodesic, and cartographic activities. In accordance with
key objectives the MENR is responsible for securing ecological safety, including the issues of POPs. In its
capacity of main regulatory authority the Ministry is responsible for a broad range of issues related to
development of legislation and normative base, environmental expertise and inventories, issuing permits/
licenses for disposal of waste and other operations related to waste management, preparation and
implementation of nation-wide programs and plans and ensuring compliance with requirements of
environmental legislation.
The MENR Department of Ecological Safety is responsible for issues related to management of hazardous
substances, including POPs. Specific functions assigned to the sub-departments are as follows:




Sub-department (Branch) of Atmospheric Air - protection of air from pollution, including trans-boundary
issues;
Sub-department of Ecological Expertise and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) - environmental
expertise;
Sub-department of Solid Waste - hazardous substances and hazardous waste management, and
Sub-department of Chemicals Safety - registration and testing of pesticides and agrochemicals in Ukraine.
The following documents (official correspondence) relating to the relationship between the MENR as
representing the Government of Ukraine in relation to the POPs issue and International organisations are
appended to Annex 1.

MENR letter to the GEF designating UNEP as Implementing Agency for NIP EA activities with the World
Bank in supporting capacity (Kurykin to El –Ashry, December 4, 2001);

MENR letter to UNEP requesting them to act as IA with the World Bank (Kurykin to Willis, January 29,
2001);

MENR letter to the World Bank requesting them to participate in NIP preparation jointly with UNEP
(Kurykin to Barbone, January 30, 2001).
18
Annex 2
Status of POPs Management in Ukraine
A 2.1
Current Institutional, Policy and Regulatory Framework
A 2.1.1
Legal and Legislative Basis for Environmental Policy and Regulation
The legal basis governing the environmental policy and regulation in Ukraine is founded in the National
Constitution (1996) where the following key environmental principles are enshrined: the right of citizens to
safe and healthy environment and to compensation for damages resulting from the violation of this right.
Every citizen is also guaranteed the right to free access to information on environment condition, quality of
food and consumer goods as well as the right to disseminate this information
The governing overall legislative instrument is the Law of Ukraine "On Environmental protection" of 1991
which covers the basic principles of environmental protection, the rational use of natural resources as well as
ecological safety and formed the foundation for further legislation and regulation on land, water, forests, on
mineral wealth, on ambient air protection, on protection and use of vegetable and animals and of the other
specialised legislation over the past 10 years.
Within this framework, the most significant laws and codes related to the management of POPS are the Law
of Ukraine "On Ambient Air Protection" (1992), Water Code of Ukraine (1995), Law of Ukraine "On
Pesticides and Agrochemicals", the Law of Ukraine “On Wastes” (1998). The Law of Ukraine “On
Ecological Expertise” (1996) is also relevant in that it will govern the environmental impact assessment and
approval of measures proposed for the management of POPs.
Under the authority of this constitutional and legislative legal framework, environmental protection regulation
including that which would be applied to POPs can be undertaken using a variety of instruments with various
levels of legal force, sphere of application and authorisation. They include:




Decrees by the President approve the structure for the central executive authorities with responsibility
for environmental protection including the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of
Ukraine and can declare certain areas to be emergency ecological situations and define special legal
regimes for these zones;
Decisions (Resolutions) of the Cabinet of Ministers are the primary mechanism designated in
legislation for setting of specific environmental policies and major environmental protection
regulations, legal norms and establishing the mechanisms, orders and procedures for their
enforcement;
Decisions (Resolutions) of Ministries and other Central Executive Authorities constitute lower and
more detailed level of environmental regulation, including designation of national standards and
norms, defining terminology, specifying acceptable methods of natural resources usage and
environmental protection, specifying methods for monitoring, defining requirements with respect to
contamination prevention. This includes the development of maximum permissible concentrations of
hazardous chemicals the compliance with which should ensure the environment quality and human
health, as well as setting the requirements for stationary and movable pollution sources and tolerance
levels for hazardous environmental impact of physical and biological factors.
Decisions of Oblast or Municipal Administrations can regulate in areas of defined local responsibility
and on issues of local implementation of both the Laws of Ukraine and the central executive authority
decisions.
The adoption of national and regional programs which may be deemed to include the National Action Plan on
POPs, particularly where commitment international obligations and budget funds are involved may itself
require a formal review and endorsement by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and approval of the
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Two existing National Programs (On the National Program of Hazardous Waste
Management and On the National Program of Improvement of Occupational Safety, Occupational Health and
19
Working Environment), adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in 2000 and 2001 accordingly, provide
conceptual, institutional and regulatory background and specific action plans for the management of chemical
pollutants, and would encompass POPs.
A 2.1.2
Organisation of Environmental Management Regulatory Responsibility
The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine is the primary designated national executive
agency and state authority responsible for environmental protection, and is the lead authority responsible for
national action and control measures related to POPs. This responsibility ultimately lies with a Government
Minister and within the Ministry’s organisational structure would fall under the Department of Ecological
Safety.
At the local level, implementation of the Ministry’s responsibilities are accomplished through the State
Departments for Environmental Protection (SDEP) located in the 24 Oblasts, the Republic of Crimea, and the
cities of Kyiv and Sevastopol, who apply state standards, rules and regulations, collect and review information
on facilities operation and releases, issue permits as required, and act as the local the enforcement and
compliance verification authority.
Related executive responsibility for aspects of the POPs issue also lies with the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of
Ukraine in relation to management of arable land and water resources, and with the Sanitary and
Epidemiological Department of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine in setting ambient standards for air,
drinking water and in monitoring public health.
A 2.1.3
International Obligations and Commitments
Ukraine is an active participant in most major global and regional environmental Conventions and the
processes involved in their development. The following summarises the status of Ukraine’s participation in
those Conventions the may be related to the POPs issue:
Convention/Treaty
Stockholm Convention on POPs
Signed
May 23, 2001
Ratified
No
Basel Convention on Transboundary
Movements of Hazardous Wastes and
their Disposal
Rotterdam Convention on the Prior
Informed Consent Procedure for
Certain Hazardous Chemicals and
Pesticides in International Trade
UNECE LRTAP Convention
Yes
UNECE LRTAP Convention (Aarhus) POPs Protocol
No
Remarks
Submitted to
President/Parliament for
accession
Yes
UNECE LRTAP Convention (Aarhus) Heavy Metals Protocol
Yes
Aarhus Convention on Access to
Information, Public Participation in
Decision-making and Access to Justice
in Environmental Matters
June 1998
Ratification under active
study within the MENR and
NCHWM
Ratification is considered in
the context of the
Stockholm Convention
July 1999
20
A 2.1.4
Current Legislation and Regulations Related to Persistent Organic Pollutants
In addition to the Law of Ukraine “On Environmental Protection” (1991), Law of Ukraine “On Air
Protection” (1992), Law of Ukraine “On Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals” (1995), Law of Ukraine “On
Ecological Expertise” (1996) and Law of Ukraine “On Wastes” (1998) noted above, the following Laws,
regulations and official administrative approvals that relate to POPs which are currently in force in Ukraine:










Law of Ukraine “On Provision of Sanitary and Epidemiological Safety of Population” (1994);
Law of Ukraine “Basic Laws on Health Protection” (1992);
Law of Ukraine “On Plant Protection” (1999);
The Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers dated 30 March 1998 No 391 “On Approval of Statement
about the State Monitoring System of the Environment”;
Sanitary and Epidemiological Department Regulation: “List of substances, products, technological
processes, home and nature factors carcinogenic for man”. The List approved by the Ministry of
Health of Ukraine on 7 February 1997, Order No 25;
National Cancer Register of Ukraine. Prevalence of malignant tumours in the population of Ukraine
in 1991 - 1996. Ministry of Health Care of Ukraine, 1997;
Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of 27 March 1996 No 354 “On approving of the order of the
removal and utilisation of unfit or banned for use pesticides and agricultural chemicals and their
packaging”;
Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No 440 dated 20 June 1995 “Order of receiving
permission on the production, storage, transportation, use, destruction and utilisation of poisonous
substances including toxic industrial waste, biotechnology products and other biological agents”;
“List of pesticides banned for use in agriculture, which may not be registered or re-registered in
Ukraine“ approved by the State Commission on Testing and Registration of Plant Protection
Products, Growth Regulators and Fertilisers, dated 5 August 1997, agreed with the Ministry of Health
Care of Ukraine;
“List of pesticides and agricultural chemicals allowed to use in Ukraine” (1999).
Specific bans on the use of Annex A POPs pesticides: Aldrin, Dieldrin, Chloradane, Endrin, Heptachlor and
Hexachlorobenzene and Annex B pesticide: DDT were applied in the 1970’s and 1980’s in the Soviet Union
and are now formally banned in the “List of pesticides banned for use in agriculture, which may not be registered or
re-registered in Ukraine“ dated 05 August 1997, as noted above. Annex A pesticide: Mirex is not explicitly
banned but it is not registered as required under the Law of Ukraine “On Pesticides and Agricultural
Chemicals”. At present no explicit regulatory controls are applicable to PCBs or Annex C POPs.
A 2.1.5
Chemical and Pesticide Management Programs
Ukraine does not have a fully developed regulatory and assessment scheme for pesticides and industrial
chemicals but has been working toward such a system for a number of years. The Law of Ukraine “On
Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals” (1995) requires formal registration of all pesticides and agricultural
chemicals. Within the National Program of Hazardous Waste Management a National Plan for the Elimination
of Risks Related to Stockpiled Obsolete Pesticides in Ukraine is under implementation through NCHWM.
Ukraine has regularly collected data on chemical production and usage, and participates in the voluntary
reporting to UNEP on chemicals from the PIC List. As part of its capacity building programme, UNEP
organized in Ukraine subregional training courses for users of the IRPTC database and on the Amended
London Guidelines and PIC. Representatives of Ukraine took part in UNEP sponsored subregional expert
meetings on national information systems on chemicals. In 1997-2001, government officials and experts from
environment, health and agriculture national authorities of Ukraine regularly participated in various
subregional expert meetings and workshops organized by UNEP and the Centre for International Projects
(CIP), Moscow, for countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States under the Project on Strengthening
National Chemicals Management in the CIS Countries. Many of these meetings focused on POPs management
issues, including legal, institutional, policy and technical aspects, and representatives of Ukraine provided
status and progress reports in this respect.
21
A 2.1.6
Pollutant Release and Transfer Registry
In collaboration with UNEP, Ukraine has initiated the development of a national Pollutant Release and
Transfer Register System. In January 2000, a National Workshop on Establishing a Pollutant Release and
Transfer Register (PRTR) was organized in Kiev by UNEP jointly with the Institute for Occupational Health
and Ministry for Environmental Protection and Nuclear Safety (presently MENR) of Ukraine. Various
Government Ministries and regional (Oblast) authorities concerned as well as research institutions, industry
and NGOs were represented. As a result, three pilot regions were selected for further work as follows:
Cherkassy, Donetsk and Dnepropetrovsk. Follow-up regional (Oblast) workshops were held under
coordination by the Institute for Occupational Health and in consultation with UNEP in 2000-2001. Under the
direction of the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources, an Inter-Agency Executive Committee to
supervise the development of a PRTR was established and a Working Group has been created. This has
representation from relevant ministries and organizations as well as NGOs. The first working meeting was held
in August 2001 resulting in the identification of immediate tasks and development of an initial implementation
plan. The current priority task is consideration of adoption and implementation of the Protocol on PRTRs
within the framework of the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in DecisionMaking and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters.
A 2.2
Assessment of the POPs Issue
A 2.2.1
Annex A and B POPs Pesticides: Use, Stockpiles and Wastes
Annex A and B POPs pesticides were never produced in Ukraine and the use of all annexed pesticides has
either been banned for some years or they were never used, as noted in Section A 2.1.4 above. However, as in
most countries, Ukraine has accumulated stocks of obsolete pesticides, including some POPs pesticides. This
has been identified as a priority environmental problem with the MENR in co-operation with other ministries
and local administrations having initiated work to address it in recent years.
The term “obsolete pesticides” covers a group of chemical products used primarily in agricultural crop,
property, and health protection applications. As a result of their prolonged storage, they may be deemed as a
form of hazardous waste for one or more of a variety of reasons. These include:
i) products now considered dangerous to the environment, and prohibited,
ii) outdated products whose original properties have been lost and/or having acquired new or unknown
properties,
iii) products of unknown composition due to missing documentation or lost labelling, and
(iv) accidental or intentional mixture of several other products, and consequently of unknown properties.
As a general rule, one common characteristic of these materials is lack of information or at best uncertainty
about their chemical composition. As a consequence under Ukrainian regulations these materials are
generally considered Class 1 or 2 hazardous waste, which are the highest environmental hazard classes
assigned to waste.
The accumulation of the large quantities of obsolete pesticides in Ukraine has its origins in the extensive and,
in some cases, excessive use of pesticides in the agricultural areas of the former Soviet Union as well the
centrally managed practices applied to their distribution. The weaknesses in the management system existing
at that time resulted, finally, in accumulation of considerable quantities of outdated chemicals throughout
Ukraine, which used to be a major agricultural commodity producer is the former Soviet Union. Beginning in
the 1960s, demand for pesticides in the agricultural sector also began to fall as a result of bans or controls on
use and changes in agricultural practices such as crop rotation.
Beginning in the 1970s, a program for reformulating and re-packing the outdated pesticides was initiated and
the obsolete pesticides began to be collected from the farms and re-stored at the central stores with the
intention that they be returned to producers. The program lasted for about 20 years, but was never fully
22
implemented. In 1992, about 50% of the banned and outdated pesticides were collected in the central stores
originally used as distribution points, while the rest remains scattered throughout the country usually in substandard storage facilities. No substantial amount of the outdated chemicals was in fact returned to the
producers for re-formulation as originally intended.
The general condition of both the central and end use storage facilities is poor by current environmental
standards. This is a product of the general lack of resources to maintain them, the evolution of ownership and,
as a result, uncertainty in responsibility for them. Besides, Ukraine has not completed the integral systems of
state standards of the pesticides management. While the condition of storage facilities varies, they generally
lack proper containment, security and supervision. This results in risks of unauthorised use and leakage of
material into the environment generally as well as well as local direct exposure to contaminants.
The central storage facilities were normally designed in a standardised modular form of masonry (concrete
and brick) building 36 x 24 meters in size. The buildings were formerly used as distribution centres for
agrochemicals. The stores are usually connected to the railway system. In many cases, these buildings are now
in poor condition with the absence of fencing, warning signs, other security as well as structural deterioration
of roof, windows, floors and walls. Actual storage of the pesticides in the buildings is typically in metal
containers or bags placed on the floors, which are also likely in poor condition. Little or no segregation or
organisation of this material has been undertaken. In the areas around these buildings, bulk storage in steel
tanks, originally those used for transport of liquids, have been modified, and are now used for "long term"
storage of mixed types of obsolete pesticides. The tanks are placed on the ground without special protection
against the elements or surrounding containment. Some sites also use "sarcophaguses" or underground
concrete bunkers with the roof sealed with asphalt. Monitoring of soil and ground water pollution is either
absent or is very limited. The smaller point of use storage, typically on state farms or successor agriculture
enterprises is more variable, informal and generally in worse condition. This includes random storage in
basements, sheds and outbuildings with little or no protection or security.
A project jointly financed by the MENR and the Danish Environmental Protection Agency was began in 1998
to systematically define the extent of the obsolete pesticide problem and develop a long term plan to address it.
The first phase of this program initiated a national inventory of obsolete pesticides, undertook representative
analysis of storage sites and began evaluation of domestic treatment and disposal option. The principle
product of this work was a National Plan for the Elimination of Risks Related to Stockpiled Obsolete
Pesticides in Ukraine1. This has been included in the National Program on Hazardous Waste Management,
which was approved by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in 2001. The National Centre for Hazardous Waste
Management (NCHWM) has been designated by the MENR to undertake the physical implementation of this
Plan. Currently, the NCHWM are undertaking Phase 2 of the work jointly with Danish waste management
experts. Special workshops for local experts and regulatory staff in detailed inventory procedures and the
improvement of storage practices for hazardous chemicals have already been performed.
The inventory of accumulated obsolete pesticides performed recently has shown that there are about 15
thousand tons of them stored in Ukraine, including 6.5 thousand tons that were collected from the farms and
stored in the centralised storage facilities that used to belong to the Soviet entities responsible for agricultural
chemicals maintenance. Altogether there are 147 centralised storage facilities containing 7,900 thousand tons
of obsolete pesticides. Similarly, 4,967 smaller storage sites (which belong to various legal entities or have no
owner at all) have been identified with an estimated 7 thousand tons of obsolete pesticides. Substances that are
banned have been identified as making up an estimated 24% of this volume while 10% is classed as out of date
material. The remainder (60%) is not identified due to mixing or loss of labelling. Screening level analytical
work on a sample basis suggests that up to 70% of the volume will be or contain some form of chlorinated
organic compounds and 4% are mercury based. The MENR and the Ministry of Agricultural Policy of Ukraine
have also made preliminary estimates of Annex A and B POPs pesticides that indicate that relatively small
quantities of endrin, heptachlor and HCB may exist (less than 15 tons total) but relatively large quantities of
DDT in various concentrations exist. These estimates range from approximately 1,500 thousand tons to 1,800
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, “Elimination of
Risks Associated with Stockpiles of Obsolete Pesticides in Ukraine: National Plan” June 2000.
1
23
thousand tons. In addition, it is estimated that approximately 550 tons of lindane in various concentrations is
retained in storage.
It should be noted that all of the above estimates apply to the agricultural sector and additional stocks that are
as yet unidentified may be found in other sectors. The only unofficially reported stocks reported to date are 23
tons of DDT held by the Ministry of Defence. However, it would be anticipated that agencies and enterprises
in the transportation, utility and forestry sectors will also hold stocks of obsolete pesticides, potentially
including Annex A and B POPs pesticides.
A 2.2.2
PCBs and PCB Containing Equipment: Use, Stockpiles and Wastes
PCB’s were never produced in Ukraine but like other industrialised countries were used in a number of
applications. Studies recently undertaken in the Russian Federation as part of a Multi-lateral project
involving UNEP - Chemicals and AMAP have provided an overview of PCB production and use in the Soviet
Union, which would be generally applicable to Ukraine2.
An estimated 180,000 tons of PCBs was produced in two plants currently located in the Russian Federation
from 1939 to 1993, effectively all for domestic use in the Soviet Union. The largest facility was the
"Orgsteklo" Ltd. Production Company located in Dzerzhinsk in Nizhni Novgorod Oblast. The other was the
"Orgsintez" Ltd. Production Company in Novomoskovsk in Tula Oblast. This involved three main PCB
products for various applications as follows:



Sovol – 52,500 thousand tons: a mixture of tetra- and pentachlorinated PCBs used as a plasticizer in
paints and varnishes (37,000 thousand tons), a lubricant additive (10,000 thousand tons) and
undefined applications in the defence industry (5,500 thousand tons).
Sovtol – 57,000 thousand tons: Sovol mixed with 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene, especially in the ratio 9:1,
named Sovtol-10 used as a dielectric fluid in transformers produced at the Chirchiksky Transformer
Manufacturing Plant in Uzbekistan and Production Association (PA) "Uralelectrotyazhmash" in
Russia.
Trichlorobiphenyl (TCB) – 70,000 thousand tons: mixed isomers of trichlorobiphenyl (produced only
at "Orgsteklo" Ltd.) was used as a dielectric fluid in capacitors. 40 thousand tons of TCB was used in
large capacitors produced at two factories in Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan and Serpukhov, Russia
and 30 thousand tons of TCB was used in small capacitors typically used in light fixtures and
appliances in two factories in Armenia.
The analysis of existing information provided for an assumption that PCBs from “open” applications where
Sovol was used generally have or will be released into the environment as these applications are widely
distributed and difficult to identify. Similarly, small capacitors used in appliances and fluorescent lamp
assemblies were not rigorously identified as to dielectric fluids and are widely distributed making systematic
recovery difficult for large quantities.
On the other hand, transformers and large industrial capacitors can be identified by type and labelling of
equipment. Power transformers of the following types used PCBs: ТНЗ and ТНЗП types (manufactured by
the Chirchiksky Transformer Manufacturing Plant), and ТНПУ, ТНП, ТНРУ and ТНЗПУ types
(manufactured by the Production Association "Uralelectrotyazhmash"). Similarly PCB-containing capacitors
produced in the Soviet Union can be identified from the type numbers КС, КСК, ЕСВ, ЕСВП, ЕСВК, ИС,
and ПСК manufactured by Ust-Kamenogorsky and Serpukhovsky plants and LKC applicable to imported
Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) and Centre for International Projects, “PCB in the Russian
Federation: Inventory and Proposal for Priority Remedial Actions. Executive Summary” 2000. Internet:
http://www.amap.no/ol-docs/pcb-es.pdf. (A survey of past production and application of PCBs in the Soviet Union.
Contains inventories of PCB-containing equipment in use and in stockpiles. Provides information of particular interest to
countries with economies in transition and other countries holding electric equipment produced in the former Soviet
Union.
2
24
equipment. The designation of capacitors manufactured in the USSR contained the letter "C" standing for a
"synthetic dielectric", i.e. containing PCBs. KC-type capacitors have the numbers 0, 1 and 2 added to
designate size range. For example, КС0 defines a capacitor with the weight of less than 18 kg. КС1 or КСК1
designations apply to capacitors weighing 26 - 30 kg. КС2 or КСК2 define capacitors with the weights of 54 60 kg.
Applying the same assumptions utilised in the above referenced Russian studies, namely that 50% of the
material used in large capacitors and transformers is still in service or stored, a overall first order estimate of
PCB volumes that might remain in Ukraine would be approximately 10 thousand tons based on Ukraine
accounting for 20% of the Soviet Union’s industrial capacity. In making this estimate it is recognised that the
actual weight of directly contaminated materials and equipment will be much greater and this does not account
for cross contamination caused by mixing dielectric fluids which may have occurred during servicing
operations.
Preliminary information related to PCBs and PCB containing equipment has been collected by the NCHWM
during preparatory studies sponsored by the MENR related to preparation for ratification of the POPs Protocol
of the LRTAP Convention and support of Stockholm Convention signing. PCB containing equipment is
thought to have been used mainly in power generation and distribution systems while some use in various
industrial sectors (ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, food, chemical, and coal) is also recorded. It is
estimated that 17,700 pieces of PCB containing equipment (transformers and capacitors) remain in operation in
the country and 1,600 pieces of equipment containing PCBs are stored. More detailed survey data relating to
capacitors in a number of Oblasts has also been collected as presented in the table below.
Oblast
Status/Quantity of Units
In Service In Storage
Volyn
ЭСВК, КС-2, КС-1
567
124
Chernivtsy
ЭСВК, КС-2, КС-1, КСК
719
8
Donetsk
ЭСВК, КС-2, КС-1, КСК
922
Kyiv
ЭСВК, КС-2, КС-1
620
32
Lugansk
Not Specified
3880
Odessa
Not Specified
1543
Poltava *
Not Specified
4985
119
Zakarpattya ЭСВК, КСК, КС-2, КС-1
780
120
Rivne
Not Specified
1984
98
Vinnitsa
Not Specified
1023
158
L'viv
Not Specified
888
50
Cherkassy ** Not Specified
380
15
*
**
2.2.3
Capacitor Types
Poltava Oblast also reported 50 PCB containing transformers in service and 12 in storage.
Cherkassy Oblast also reports 200 PCB containing transformers in service.
Assessment of Releases from Unintentional Production of Dioxins, Furans, HCB
and PCBs
Identification of possible stationary sources of unintentional production of Dioxins, Furans, HCB and PCBs
and assessment of their annual releases have been undertaken by the NCHWM as part of preparation for
ratification of the POPs Protocol of the LRTAP Convention and support of Stockholm Convention, as
mentioned above. This work included preliminary estimates performed in compliance with international
guidelines set out in the Emission Inventory Guidebook EMEP-CORINAIR. Data on dioxin, furan, HCB and
PCBs emissions have been obtained using three basic information sources:
1. Statistics on production output or fuel consumption in Ukraine.
25
2. Specific data on production output or fuel consumption at standard industrial facilities, which were
submitted from sector ministries and oblast departments of the Ministry of Environment and Natural
Resources of Ukraine.
3. Expert evaluations performed by specialists from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus as to
values of specific dioxin, furan, HCB and PCBs emissions (emission factors) for each emission source
category under study.
The results reported below show an increasing trend in releases, which has been attributed to increasing
utilisation of municipal waste incineration. In accordance with the Stockholm Convention, there are a number
of requirements regulating the releases of dioxins and furans by incinerators. Unfortunately, Ukraine does not
have the monitoring capability and, which is the most important, there is no laboratory that is capable of
performing a qualified chemical analysis of dioxins and furans. The results of the experts’ work demonstrate
the need to address urgently the personnel training problem in Ukraine and to provide the laboratories with
modern analytical equipment meeting international standards.
Dioxins/ furans, g-ET/ yr:
1990
1215
A 2.2.4
1995
537
1996
520
1997
590
1998
610
1999
687
Contaminated Sites
No inventories or evaluations of contaminated sites generally or specifically those that may involve
contamination by POPs have been undertaken in Ukraine so far. However, based on recent assessments of the
condition of pesticide storage facilities noted above it can be anticipated that a significant number of these sites
may be contaminated with pesticides, including POPs pesticides. Similarly, it would also be anticipated that
the experience of other countries relating to PCB contamination in and around facilities where electrical
equipment is stored, operated and serviced would apply. The general low quality of municipal and industrial
waste management facilities which is based almost exclusively on land disposal without adequate controls on
or segregation of incoming waste streams would also suggest that POPs contamination may be found in such
locations. A priority for the NIP will be developing the capacity to inventory, evaluate, prioritise, and
ultimately contain and remediate contaminated sites.
A 2.2.5
Current POPs Management and Release Mitigation Capacity:
Management Infrastructure, and Monitoring and Analytical Capability
Waste
While Ukraine posses strong technical and scientific capacity in most if not all the disciplines required to
address the POPs issue, it generally lacks modern infrastructure for storage, handling, treatment and disposal of
POPs wastes, and capability for release monitoring and the necessary chemical analysis. As reported above, a
pilot initiative is underway to upgrade at least one central obsolete pesticide storage facility to Western
European standards and to undertake nation wide training in improved handling storage and evaluation of
obsolete pesticide storage. Research and development activities are active related to various treatment and
disposal methods for POPs and technologies that should provide for the reduction in their releases. These
include consideration of various thermal destruction technologies. Those include utilisation of stationary and
mobile facilities for plasma pyrolysis, and the development of biological techniques for contaminated site
remediation.
A 2.2.6
Environmental and Public Health Impacts Related to POPs
Monitoring and assessment of potential human health impacts associated with chlorinated organic pesticides
has been active in Ukraine as early as the 1950s. The following summarises this work:

Investigation of impacts of DDT and other chemicals on workers using these materials was initiated in the
1950s. This addressed cardiovascular, endocrine, liver and kidney, and respiratory impacts.
26

The accumulation of DDT and its metabolites in a human organism as well as in the breast milk of
Ukrainian women, who had no previous direct contacts with chlorinated organic chemicals, were found
during the 1960s.

Beginning in the 1970s, the impacts of lindane and HCB accumulation have been studied and the presence
of PCBs in the human organism was first recorded in the 1980s.

Within the framework of the National Program on “Development and implementation of measures for the
prophylactic of peritoneal and infant morbidity and mortality into the heath care practice” biological
monitoring of chlorinated organic pesticides in breast milk was carried out in different Ukrainian regions
during 1992-1997. These results showed that contamination of breast milk results in transfer to nursing
children in quantities exceeding permissible levels. As a general conclusion, these studies show that
accumulation of chlorinated organic chemicals is generally occurring in any Ukrainian citizen
independent of the region under scrutiny.

Epidemiological studies applied to women residing and working in rural areas associated with use and
potential pollution by chlorinated organic pesticides show their negative impacts on the women’s
reproductive functions, and to the mortality and development of their children.

Currently, such investigations are being carried out within research projects of the Academy of Medical
Sciences and since 2001 within the National Programme “Reproductive Health 2001 - 2005” in
accordance with the President’s Decree “On Additional Measures for Improving Medical Aid to the
Population of Ukraine”.
A 2.2.7
Public Awareness
While a relatively high level of awareness regarding the POPs issue exists with the Government and
professional community, awareness among the general public is not high. This is seen as a priority in the
development of effective responses to the issue of POPs reduction or elimination in Ukraine. One of
Ukrainian NGOs “Ecology, Woman, World” is involved in awareness activities specifically related to POPs
(Polina Mikhailenko, Ph. D., Director of Scientific Information Centre "Ecology. Woman. World", address:
Zodchikh St., Bldg. 54, apt. 93, Kyiv 03162, Ukraine, Phone +(38-044)266-98-11 and 266-98-49, Fax: (+38044)266-60-82, E-mail: eww@onconet.kiev.ua).
27
Annex 3
Proposed NIP Table of Contents and Project Activity Check List
This Annex provides a proposed table of contents for the NIP and an overall activity checklist covering the
complete cycle of NIP and creation of conditions for Ukraine’s participation in the Stockholm Convention.
This material has been adapted from draft NIP guidance material underdevelopment by UNEP - Chemicals
and the World Bank for the Interim Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention for presentation to the
participating parties.
A 3.1
Proposed NIP Table of Contents
While no strict rules are yet mandated under the Stockholm Convention for preparation of the NIP, this format
is considered as a possible basis for such direction in the future.
The approach proposed divides the NIP document into three sections as follows:



An introductory section would define the context of the NIP in terms of its overall objectives
particularly in relation to a county's national environmental policy and its participation in the
Stockholm Convention.
The second section would be directed to defining a baseline from which the NIP will move
forward. This may also be called a National Profile for POPs. Its basic function will be to
provide a reference point for implementation activities and for evaluation of implementation
results. It may also serve as the overall baseline used by the financial mechanism of the
Convention in determining incremental costs eligible for funding.
The third section would be the substance of the NIP itself in terms of national commitment
and policy, implementation strategy, detailed strategies and action plans, investment
priorities, timetable and financing.
Table A3-1: Proposed National Action Plan Table of Contents
National Action Plan
Executive Summary
1.
Introduction
2.
Baseline
2.1
Country Profile
2.1.1 Geography and Population
2.1.2 Macro-Economic Profile
2.1.3 Profiles of Economic Sectors
2.2
Institutional, Policy and Regulatory Framework
2.2.1
Environmental/ Sustainable Development Policy and General Legislative
Framework
2.2.2
Organisation of Environmental Management Regulatory
Responsibility and Resource Allocation
2.2.3
International Commitments and Obligations
2.2.4
Legislation and Regulations Related to Hazardous Waste
Management, Contaminated Sites, Waste Water Discharge
and Point Source Air Emissions
2.2.5
Chemical and Pesticide Management Programmes
2.2.6
Pollutant Release Reporting and Inventory Requirements
2.3
Assessment of the POPs Issue
2.3.1
Inventory: POPs Pesticides (Annex A, Part I Chemicals)
2.3.2
Inventory: PCBs (Annex A, Part II Chemicals)
2.3.3
Inventory: DDT (Annex B Chemicals)
2.3.4
Inventory: Releases from Unintentional Production of
Dioxins, Furans, HCB and PCBs (Annex C Chemicals)
2.3.5
Scope Assessment of Contaminated Sites
28
3.
2.3.6
POPs Use and Release Forecast
2.3.7
POPs Management and Release Mitigation Capacity
2.3.8
POPs Information Reporting Systems and Capacity
2.3.8
Environmental and Human Health Impacts
2.3.9
Public Information and Awareness
Strategy of the National Action Plan Implementation
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
Policy Statement
Implementation Strategy
Detailed Strategies and Action Plans
3.3.1
Institutional and Regulatory Strengthening Measures
3.3.2
Action Plan: Production, Use, Stockpiles and Wastes of
Annex A POPs Pesticides
3.3.3
Action Plan: Production, Use, Identification, Labelling,
Removal, Storage and Disposal of PCBs and Equipment Containing PCBs
3.3.4
Action Plan: Production, Use, Stockpiles and Wastes of DDT
3.3.5
Action Plan: Releases from Unintentional Production of
PCDDs, PCDFs, HCB and PCBs
3.3.6
Strategy: Releases from Stockpiles and Wastes: Pesticides,
DDT, PCBs and HCB
3.3.7
Action Plan: Contaminated Sites Identification Containment and Clean up
3.3.8
Strategy for Information Exchange
3.3.9
Action Plan: Public Information, Awareness and Education
3.3.10 Action Plan: Monitoring
3.3.11 Action Plan: Reporting
3.3.12 Strategy for Research and Development
Summary of Key Investment Requirements and Priorities
Timetable for Plan Implementation
Financing of Plan Implementation
Annexes
A1: Government and Key Stakeholder Endorsement Documents
A2: Record of Stakeholder and Public Consultation
A3: Representative Public Information Materials
A4: Prepared Investment and Capacity Strengthening Building Proposals
29
A 3.2
NIP Preparation Activity Check List
The following provides a checklist of detailed activities and work assignments that have, are being and will be
undertaken as part of the overall cycle associated with NIP preparation. This involves four phases that
correspond generally to the five step process provided in the GEF enabling activities guidelines but are
provided in greater detail. This list of activities covers the complete cycle of a country NAT preparation, from
the inception to the Government endorsement.
Table A3-2 NIP Preparation Activity Check List
Activities
Pre-NIP Preparation Phase
 Formalise national interest and government commitment in
principle
 Designation or confirmation of Responsible National
Agency
 Selection of GEF Implementing Agency
 Rapid Assessment of the issue, stakeholders and
implications of Convention compliance
 Establish and implement government decision-making
process for signing of the Stockholm Convention
 Establish formal Inter-agency Supervisory or Co-ordinating
Mechanism
 Appoint National POPs Focal Point and identify focal point
unit options
 Identify expertise network
 Define the preliminary scope of NIP
 Investigate sources of preparation financing
 Prepare preliminary NIP preparation work plan and budget
estimates
 Prepare and submit proposals for financing NIP preparation
NIP Preparation Inception Phase
 Finalise NIP preparation funding
 Establish NIP preparation Focal Point Unit and designated
supporting organisations
 Expand stakeholder identification and initiate consultation/
awareness (Inception Workshop)
 Develop/ expand expertise network
 Undertake initial national capacity assessment and identify
key strengthening needs for NIP preparation.
 Expand the current knowledge base on POPs.
 Assess the level of public awareness and concern on the
POPs issue
 Refine proposed NIP scope
 Identify proposed task group assignments
 Finalise detailed Work Plan
Status
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Initiated
Outcomes
 Government
commitment to
preparation of a formal NIP
 Government decision to sign
the Stockholm Convention
 Establishment of institutional
supervisory mechanisms
 Selection of UNEP Chemicals as Implementing
Agency
 GEF Enabling activities
funding proposal submitted
Initiated
Initiated
Complete
Complete
Completed
Initiated
Initiated
 Confirmation
of Government
commitment and stakeholder
acceptance for NIP
Preparation
 Conformation of funding
 Establishment of working
level institutional
arrangements for undertaking
NIP preparation
 Documented overview of
current POPs knowledge base
 Detailed Work Plan
30
Detailed NIP Preparation Phase
 Preparation of the Country Baseline (Country Profile,
Geography and Population, Macro-Economic Profile,
Profiles of Pertinent Economic Sectors)
 Describe National Institutional, Policy and Regulatory
Framework:
- Environmental/ Sustainable Development Policy and
General Legislative Framework
- Organisation of Environmental Management
Regulatory Responsibility
- International Commitments and Obligations
- Waste Management Legislation and Regulation
- Pollutant Release Reporting and Inventory
Requirements
- Industrial Chemical and Pesticide Registration/
Assessment Requirements
 Undertake Detailed Assessment of the POPs Issue:
- Inventory: POPs Pesticides (Annex A, Part I
Chemicals)
- Inventory: PCBs (Annex A, Part II Chemicals)
- Inventory: DDT (Annex B Chemicals)
- Inventory: Releases from Unintentional Production of
Dioxins, Furans, HCB and PCBs (Annex C Chemicals)
- Contaminated Sites
- POPs Use and Release Forecast
- POPs Management and Release Mitigation Capacity
- Environmental and Human Health Impacts
- Public Awareness and Concern Assessment
 Analysis of baseline information and establishment of
criteria for prioritisation of possible response measures
 Stakeholder and public information dissemination and
consultation on baseline and work plan for NIP Preparation
 Determination of national objectives and priorities
 Organisation of national priority validation workshop
 Supervisory approval of work plan and interim priorities
 Development of a NIP Policy Statement
 Formulation of an NIP Implementation Strategy
 Prepare of Detailed Strategy and Action Plan Elements of
the NIP
- Institutional and Regulatory Strengthening Measures
- Action Plan: Elimination of Production and Use of POPs
Pesticides
- Action Plan: Elimination of Production and Use of PCBs
- Action Plan: Restricted Production and Use of DDT
- Action Plan: Reduction/Elimination of Unintentional
Production Releases of Dioxin, Furans, HCB and PCBs
- Strategy for Reduction and Elimination of Releases from
Stockpiles and Wastes: Pesticides, DDT, PCBs and HCB
- Action Plan: Contaminated Sites Identification,
Containment and Clean-up
- Strategy for Information Exchange
- Action Plan for Public Information, Awareness and
Education
- Action Plan: Environmental and Human Health
Monitoring
- Action Plan: Evaluation of Presence of POPs and
Reporting
- Strategy for Research and Development
- Action Plan for Processing and Endorsement
 Evaluate the need for technology transfer and development
 Documentation
of the
national POPs baseline
 Prepared
Detailed Strategies
and Action Plans responding
to Convention obligations
and national priorities
 Final
NIP document for
endorsement presentation
 Portfolio
of investment and
capacity strengthening
proposals suitable for
financing
31
32