Onsite Wastewater Management
Code of Practice
Reference: Environmental Protection Authority Victoria – Code of Practice – 891.2 Onsite Wastewater Management - 2008
City of Greater Geelong/Surf Coast Shire Onsite Wastewater Management Code of Practice – Created September 2009
ONSITE WASTEWATER CODE OF PRACTICE
INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION – ADVICE TO APPLICANTS
2. TYPES OF ONSITE WASTEWATER SYSTEMS
3. EFFLUENT DISPOSAL OPTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH
ONSITE WASTEWATER SYSTEMS
4. APPLICATION PROCESS – HOW TO GET STARTED
5. APPENDICES:
TRADITIONAL SEPTIC TANK AND EFFLUENT DISPOSAL TRENCHES
Appendix 1
TRADITIONAL SEPTIC TANK AND SANDFILTER SYSTEM
Appendix 2
DISPOSAL OF WASTE WATER BY SURFACE IRRIGATION
Appendix 3
DISPOSAL OF WASTE WATER BY SHALLOW TRENCH IRRIGATION
Appendix 4
PUMPS AND ALARM SYSTEMS
Appendix 5
GENERAL CONDITIONS OF INSTALLATION
Appendix 6
CONDITIONS FOR ON GOING USE OF SYSTEM
Appendix 7
RECOMMENDED TREES AND SHRUBS
Appendix 8
DESIGN WASTEWATER FLOW RATES
Appendix 9
SETBACK DISTANCES
Appendix 10
ONSITE WASTEWATER SYSTEM CHECKLIST
Appendix 11
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ONSITE WASTEWATER SYSTEMS
1. INTRODUCTION - ADVICE TO APPLICANTS
WHEN DO YOU REQUIRE AN ONSITE
WASTEWATER SYSTEM?
Within the City of Greater Geelong and Surf Coast municipalities there are significant numbers of
unsewered residential, rural and commercial/industrial properties.
This code has been
developed to assist property owners, plumbers and developers primarily for domestic purposes.
There may be some applications that need further consultation with an Environmental Health
Officer.
When you are considering buying a block of land or building on a block, check with Barwon
Water to find out if the property is serviced by sewers or whether sewer extension work is
proposed.
If the property is unsewered, you will need to either pump your liquid waste long distance, to a
sewer or install an approved onsite wastewater system. Persons considering ‘pump to sewer’
systems will need to approach Barwon Water to discuss approval and costing for this method of
disposal.
Applicants are required to obtain, from council, a ‘Permit to Install/Alter a Septic Tank
System’ prior to installation and an ‘Approval to Use a Septic Tank System’ prior to using
the system.
Council will only approve Onsite Wastewater Systems that have been approved by the State
Environment Protection Authority, have a Certificate of Approval (CA) Number and have daily
flow rates not exceeding 5000 litres per day.
A full, up-to-date list of all approved systems can be found on the EPA website at
www.epa.vic.gov.au/water/wastewater/onsite.asp
Where the flow rate exceeds 5000 litres per day, the Environment Protection Authority of Victoria
is the regulatory authority responsible for issuing Permits and supervising the Onsite Wastewater
System Installation.
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WHEN DO YOU REQUIRE A SEPTIC TANK PERMIT?
A permit for a septic tank is required for both the installation of any new onsite wastewater
system or for any works or alterations to an existing system with a capacity of up to 5000L/day.
An alteration is repair work to any part of the system including piping, effluent lines, and the tank
itself. Installation of any new components such as extra effluent lines, piping work, or
replacement of any part of the system are all considered to be an alteration to a system
triggering a permit.
As well as alterations to the plumbing of a system, extensions to a dwelling connected to an
onsite wastewater system (in particular an increase of bedrooms), or the connection of any
additional toilet blocks, sheds, etc will also require a permit to alter a system. This is due to the
increased volume of water that will be entering the system and this must be assessed to ensure
that the installed system can handle the increased load.
Under the Building Regulations 2006 Section 801 any building permit issued for a building that
will produce wastewater and does not have sewer available requires consent from council. This
consent can be achieved by either the issue of a permit to install/alter a septic tank or by
lodging a consent application under section 801 of the building regulations to install a septic
tank system.
If an application for consent is lodged the applicant will still require a permit to install/alter a
septic tank. Therefore it is more cost effective to apply for a permit to install/alter a septic tank
system and bypass the consent stage. In order to apply for a permit you will need to know more
information in regards to the system including the type and model number of the system to be
installed, location of the system including effluent disposal field, installing plumbers details, and
details of the building including number of people using the building, water producing facilities to
be installed and water saving ratings.
Please note that under the building regulations a certificate of occupancy for a building on
septic can not be issued until an ‘approval to use’ permit for the system has been granted.
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2. TYPES OF ONSITE WASTEWATER SYSTEMS
 Pre-Caste Concrete/Approved Plastic Septic Tanks
The most basic method of waste decomposition which requires minimal maintenance and
has no mechanical parts other than an effluent pump, should this be necessary. The quality
of the effluent wastewater limits the method of disposal to subsoil disposal. Septic Tanks are
to be Australian Standards accredited and need to be desludged a minimum of every 3 years
to ensure efficient operation.
 Aerated Wastewater Treatment System (AWTS)
These plants can treat sewage waste through a combination of biological treatment and
aeration, resulting in a higher standard of wastewater effluent. This provides greater options
for the disposal of treated effluent although the units will require power to operate and be
subject to regular maintenance. Normally wastewater effluent is disposed of to shallow
irrigation trenches within a vegetated area, although the use of this effluent is permitted
aboveground subject to being adequately chlorinated.
 Septic Tank and Sandfilter System
Effluent from the septic tank is passed through a body of sand, which effectively purifies the
effluent through a process of aerobic oxidation of suspended bacteria. Once the effluent is
treated, it produces a fairly good quality product although it has to be chlorinated if the
method of effluent disposal is to be above ground. Unchlorinated effluent is to be disposed of
to shallow irrigation trenches in a vegetated area.
 Dry/No Flush (Composting) Toilets
A preferred option where all land capability criteria is exhausted. May be installed where
there are no other options. Decomposed solids must be removed and properly disposed of
on a regular basis. An additional grey water disposal system will be required to treat kitchen,
bathroom and laundry wastes.
 Commercial Grease Interceptor Traps
Any commercial food business/operation established in a non-sewered area will need to be
provided with a grease interceptor trap prior to the Onsite Wastewater System. This is a
requirement of Barwon Water and the size, location etc will be determined by this Authority.
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3. EFFLUENT DISPOSAL OPTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH
ONSITE WASTEWATER SYSTEMS
The resultant effluent may be disposed in a number of ways, each with specific criteria to
maintain health and environmental standards.
Standard Subsoil Absorption Trenches
Used to dispose effluent, which has only been subjected to primary treatment in a septic tank.
Trenches are normally 400 mm deep and 900 mm wide and require minimal maintenance other
than maintaining top dressing, keeping vegetation healthy, etc. Effluent disposal trenches will
take up considerably more area of land than some other forms of disposal. Dependant on the
topography of the land, a pump may be required to dispose of the waste to the trenches,
although this is not frequent. This is required where there is slope of land or the effluent disposal
area is too distant from the Tank.
In certain cases, the length of the trenches may be reduced subject to soil test confirming a
greater level of absorption. Trenches have a life expectancy, in terms of performance, of
approximately 25 years.
To ensure the proper functioning of Disposal Trenches and Transpiration Beds (see below),
Septic Tanks are required to be pumped out and desludged a minimum of once every 3 years.
Standard Absorption - Transpiration Trenches/Beds
Similar method of disposal to effluent disposal trenches, however, these may be used where
limited area exists on the property to install trenches and where the soil has low percolation
rates. The maintenance and pump requirements are as per ‘Effluent Disposal Trenches’. These
beds have a life expectancy, in terms of performance, of approximately 25 years. This system is
not covered within this code of practice due to the limited amount of applications received by
council, if you wish to use this option for onsite wastewater discuss with an Environmental Health
Officer.
Surface (Above Ground) Irrigation
Is becoming an increasingly popular option for wastewater effluent disposal, as it assists greatly
with ‘watering’ vegetation. This method of effluent disposal is only possible when done in
conjunction with a ‘Mechanical Treatment Plant’ or ‘Sandfilter’. Operationally, there are
numerous criteria that need to be complied with when disposing of effluent in such a manner in
accordance with EPA CA 1.5/08.
 Effluent needs to be chlorinated to a level of 0.5-2.0mg/L free residual chlorine.
 The irrigation area must be dedicated for this purpose with clear signage. The irrigation
system must be permanently fixed and installed at least 100mm below ground.
 A sample of the effluent must be collected and tested annually for compliance in a NATA
approved laboratory with the copies of all reports being forwarded to Council. This will be
a condition of the Permit to Install a Septic Tank System.
Drip or spray irrigation is possible, but must meet EPA requirements. An approval to use can
only be issued once the disposal area is set up. The best option is for it to be distributed to a
planted out area, possibly under mulch. You may find that two or more disposal areas would
work better, with a two-way valve to switch between the areas to prevent any one area becoming
too wet.
Please consult your licensed plumber or drainer before considering this as the size off
irrigation areas will be dependant on the specifications of the pump system.
Surface irrigation may not be suitable for holiday or rental properties.
Below Ground Irrigation
A variety of options are available including shallow and thin shallow trenches, mound systems
and reed beds. These systems may be used in conjunction with Mechanical Treatment Plants
and Sandfilters and will require chlorination or annual chemical testing. Pumps are normally
required necessitating power and maintenance.
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4. APPLICATION PROCESS – HOW TO GET STARTED
Soil/Site Assessment
1. The size of your disposal system will depend on the soil characteristics on your block. An
assessment needs to be made of the site and soil characteristics. You may also wish to
have an assessment carried out by an independent soil scientist, which can be done at the
time of your Building Application Process.
2. In some circumstances Council may require a Land Capability Assessment (LCA) to be
submitted with the application, where there may be concern over the sustainability of the site.
Any new subdivisions and smaller blocks will generally require a LCA. Council’s own
domestic wastewater management plans recognise certain suburbs/areas in the
Geelong/Surf Coast region as high risk areas for retaining wastewater onsite. Therefore the
following townships/roads must have a LCA prior to an onsite wastewater application being
considered. These townships are also documented as requiring long term investigation of the
feasibility of provision of reticulated sewerage due to their high risk classification.
City of Greater Geelong Townships
Breamlea
Ceres
Anakie (Smaller blocks)
Ramblers road (Portarlington)
Point Richards road (Portarlington)
Saratoga Avenue (Barwon Heads)
Stephens Parade (Barwon Heads)
Surf Coast Townships
Moggs Creek
Deans Marsh
Bellbrae
Moriac
Aireys Inlet (fringe areas)
Winchelsea (fringe areas)
3. A LCA must be carried out by a suitably qualified soil science professional whom has
knowledge of both EPA and the municipal requirements in regards to onsite wastewater. If a
LCA is required in conjunction with your septic tank application there are certain parameters
which must be considered within the report. These parameters are not limited to but include:
 Soil profiles and properties in particular percolation rates
 A site plan including a detailed irrigation layout design
 Projected water usage (Detail as to how water will be reduced in certain
circumstances
 Details on how setbacks will be achieved from allotment boundaries, water tanks,
buildings, rivers, water bodies, etc.
NOTE: These parameters are a general guide. Please discuss with an
Environmental Health Officer prior to arranging a Land Capability Assessor
to assess your site as parameters required within the report may differ from
site to site.
4. Due to space constraints the installation of an onsite wastewater system may require removal
of vegetation to gain access to the site or for ground area to install the system. Be aware of
any vegetation protection overlays in your area as it is illegal to remove vegetation in some
coastal townships without a permit i.e. Breamlea. Contact council’s planning department if
you are unsure.
5. Any independent testing should be in accordance with the Australian Standard/New Zealand
Standard 1547-2000, On-site domestic wastewater management.
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6. Consider the treatment type and wastewater disposal option that best suits your needs and
requirements for the property. In doing so, it is important to think about long term (10-15
years) considerations such as the location of future buildings, driveways, pools, etc on site.
7. If your property has a pool or a spa/bath greater than a 250 Litre capacity, this will have a
considerable impact on the system. The backwash from larger spas and pools will result in a
surge load on the system which may cause an overload. There are alternative options for
appropriate disposal of this backwash and this must be considered in the planning stage. If
this applies to you contact this office and discuss with an Environmental Health Officer prior
to lodging an application.
8. Once you have reached a decision it is important to obtain several quotes and remember to
consider maintenance and repair costs, including chlorination and effluent analysis. The
quotes should be based on the standards prescribed within this document
9. If the permeability of the soil is very low (i.e. heavy clay), the soil must be improved by rotary
hoeing and adding gypsum to the dedicated wastewater disposal area.
Daily Flow Calculations
1. Various tables have been provided throughout this code to simplify the calculations of
different sizes. If you wish to calculate the estimated volume of wastewater per day then use
the following formula: {(No. of Bedrooms + 1) x Design Daily Flow} – from Appendix 9, if
your property does not fit into this table contact an Environmental Health Officer to discuss.
2. The size of your proposed system may be reduced by using water saving fixtures.
Appliances and fixtures that this applies to are showerheads, washing machines,
dishwashers and toilet cisterns. This will become a condition on the permit and proof must
be provided that they have been installed, prior to approval of the system. Installation of full
water-reduction fixtures can reduce the daily flow by up to 40% and therefore reduce the size
of the onsite wastewater system required. There are three classes of water saving fixtures;
standard fixtures, standard water-reduction fixtures and full water-restriction fixtures.


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Standard water-reduction fixtures include dual-flush 11/5.5-litre water closets,
shower-flow restrictors, aerator faucets (taps) and water-conserving automatic
washing machines.
Full water-reduction fixtures include the combined use of reduced-flush 6/3-litre
water closets, shower flow restrictors, aerator faucets, front-load washing
machines and flow/pressure control valves on all water-use outlets. Additionally,
water reduction may be achieved by treatment of greywater and recycling for
water closet flushing.
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Application
1. Submit the application with all associated documentation. This can be done by yourself or
through your selected contractor. A Permit cannot be granted without all necessary details
provided. (See Appendix 8).
2. Building Regulation 801 requires Council to formally consent to the Building Surveyor issuing
a Building Permit for the development that the site is suitable for an onsite wastewater
system. We therefore require the details of the Building Surveyor on the Application form
before the Permit to Install can be issued. An appropriate Building Permit and Planning
Permit (if required) must be issued by the relevant department before a Septic Tank Permit
can be issued.
3. At the satisfactory completion of the installation Council must also issue an ‘Approval to Use’
prior to the system being commissioned. This is also required prior to receiving a certificate
of occupancy from your Building Surveyor.
4. Council will not approve systems which discharge wastes off the property.
5. Please call Council’s Environmental Health Officers if you have any further enquiries.
6. A ‘Permit to Install a Septic Tank System’ will be issued based on the application meeting
criteria.
7. Applications must be lodged at least one week before the anticipated commencement date.
No work may commence until a ‘Permit to Install/Alter’ has been issued and no part of
a septic tank system may be used until an ‘Approval to Use’ has been issued.
The application form tells you what information is required. This includes:
 Appropriate fee as listed.
 Detailed plans of the site and house layout including drains and fixtures.
 Details specifications of works.
 Designation of dedicated area to enable the proper disposal of effluent.
 Locations of other outbuildings and/or areas designated for specific use. (Recreation,
driveway, walking etc.)
 Copy of certificate of title of land.
Inspections
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1. Council will inspect the various stages of the installation and requires at least 24 hours notice
from the contractor to schedule such inspections.
2. Inspections can be arranged by contacting Council’s Environmental Health Unit. Council will
make every attempt to fit in with the drainer’s inspection requirements. The following
inspections are mandatory:
Site Inspection (prior to any works) – this may also be done in the presence of the
owner/plumber, upon request. Also required as part of the Building Permit Process.
Open Inspections includes the following: inspection of all waste pipes from the house to the distribution pit, including pump well
warning devices etc.
 inspection of absorption lines (trench). Levels may be taken of the trench to check alignment
and fall from the septic tank.
 inspection of tank/treatment plant prior to backfill.
 Inspection of sand filter hole with collection pipe at the base, prior to backfill.
 Inspection of effluent irrigation area, prior to backfill.
NOTE: if any of the above works have been completed without an open inspection you
will be required to expose.
Final Inspection includes the following:
 inspection of completed irrigation areas where appropriate.
 inspection of vents, ORG, etc
 collation of final administrative data.
 Installation of pumps and power supply.
 Inspection of effluent irrigation area.
 Sand analysis certificate
 Certificate of Compliance
 Amended Plan (Detailing constructed location of system including effluent lines)
Environmental Protection Authority Links
The following documents can be found at:
http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/water/wastewater/onsite.asp
891.2 EPA Code of Practice – Onsite Wastewater Management
EPA Certificates of Approval for Onsite Wastewater Systems
Contact details:
City of Greater Geelong
Environmental Health Services
PO Box 104
GEELONG 3220
Surf Coast Shire
Environmental Health Unit
PO Box 350
TORQUAY 3228
 5272 4411
Fax: 5227 4375
 5261 0600
Fax: 5261 7574
If you wish to meet with an officer please Enquiries:
contact us by phone to make an 25 Grossmans Road
appointment.
TORQUAY 3228
Appendix 1
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
TRADITIONAL SEPTIC TANK AND EFFLUENT DISPOSAL TRENCHES
(Sub-Soil Absorption Trenches)

Minimum tank capacity 3000 litres.

Minimum total length of disposal trenches shall be in accordance with the tables below,
taking into account the waste generating capacity of the dwelling and the efficiency of the
appliances.

In most scenarios within the Geelong\Surf Coast Region the soil type and rainfall levels are
conducive to the installation of ‘Absorption – Transpiration’ trenches. In rare circumstances
where soil absorption rates are high, a separate soil percolation test is required to be
submitted to Council to verify this and the length of trenches may be reduced.

In determining number of bedrooms, a study/rumpus may be included if of significant size.
N/A = Not appropriate for sub-soil absorption trenches.
Med-heavy Light Clays
Clay Loams
Loams
Sandy
Gravel and
Soil Type
Table 1
Clays
Design Loading
(mm/day)
Rate
N/A
5
10
15
Loams
Sands
25
N/A
Length of Subsoil/Absorption Trench in metres at 900mm wide
Fixture Rating
1 Bedroom
Standard fixtures
N/A
80
40
27
16
Standard waterN/A
65
33
22
13
reduction fixtures
Full water-reduction
N/A
49
25
17
10
facilities
2 Bedrooms
Standard fixtures
N/A
120
60
40
24
Standard waterN/A
97
49
33
20
reduction fixtures
Full water-reduction
N/A
74
37
25
15
facilities
3 Bedrooms
Standard fixtures
N/A
160
80
54
32
Standard waterN/A
129
65
43
26
reduction fixtures
Full water-reduction
N/A
98
49
33
20
facilities
4 Bedrooms
Standard fixtures
N/A
200
100
67
40
Standard waterN/A
161
81
54
33
reduction fixtures
Full water-reduction
N/A
122
61
41
25
facilities
5 Bedrooms
Standard fixtures
N/A
240
120
80
48
Standard waterN/A
193
97
65
39
reduction fixtures
Full water-reduction
N/A
147
73
49
29
facilities
NOTE: These calculations are based on the Australian Standard AS 1547:2000.
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N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Standard water-reduction fixtures include dual-flush 11/5.5-litre water closets, shower-flow
restrictors, aerator faucets (taps) and water-conserving automatic washing machines.

Full water-reduction fixtures include the combined use of reduced-flush 6/3-litre water
closets, shower flow restrictors, aerator faucets, front-load washing machines and
flow/pressure control valves on all water-use outlets. Additionally, water reduction may be
achieved by treatment of greywater and recycling for water closet flushing.

Each run shall be no more than 30m in length.

Overflow relief gully required.

Disposal trenches must be installed in accordance with the standard drawings provided (see
over)

Minimum distance between trenches – 3 metres.

Refer to Appendix 11 for required setbacks.

Top of backfilled trenches must be mounded with high water quality organic loam to shed
stormwater and support vegetative growth. Backfilling trenches with clay is not permitted as
it is likely to ‘seal’ the system and minimise evapotranspiration.

Slotted pipe must be laid so that slots are not located at the bottom of the pipe.

The end of the slotted pipes must be capped.
OK
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900mm
3000
mmmm
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Appendix 2
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
TRADITIONAL SEPIC TANK AND SANDFILTER SYSTEM

Minimum tank capacity 3000 litres.

Sandfilter systems are restricted to treating domestic type sewage with design flows less
than 5000 litres per day

Filter sand should be supplied by an approved supplier and conform with the
requirements of ‘Code of Practice for Small Wastewater Treatment Plants and CA1.3/03’
in relation to particle size and consistency (contain less than %5 clay and fine silt, has an
effective size between 0.25 and 0.60 mm, has a uniformity co-efficient less than 4). A
copy of the Sieve Analysis test is to accompany an application.

Disposal of Effluent shall be in accordance with either, ‘Shallow Trench Irrigation’
specification, ‘Surface Irrigation’ standard or ‘Effluent Disposal Trenches’ specification.
(See Appendices 1,2,4 & 5)

All effluent must also be retained on-site. Council may consider off-site discharge where
the subdivision of the land occurred prior to March 15, 1988 and that there are no means
by which the effluent can be retained on site. In such circumstances, approval is required
from the EPA, an annual analysis of such effluents will be required by a NATA approved
laboratory and copies of the analysis forwarded to Council.

The size of the sandfilter will vary on the loading capacity, as stipulated in the ‘CA1.3/03’
as follows:
Table 2
HOUSEHOLD
Standard fixtures
Standard waterreduction fixtures
Full waterreduction facilities
Sandfilter
size for 1
Bedroom
House
8m2
Sandfilter size
for 2 Bedroom
House
11 m
2
Sandfilter size
for 3 Bedroom
House
Sandfilter size
for 4 Bedroom
House
Sandfilter size
for 5 Bedroom
House
Sandfilter size
for 6 Bedroom
House
15 m
2
18 m
2
22 m
2
26 m
2
2
15 m
2
18 m
2
21 m
2
11 m
2
14 m
2
16 m
2
6m
2
9m
2
12 m
5m
2
7m
2
9m
2

Standard water-reduction fixtures include dual-flush 11/5.5-litre water closets, showerflow restrictors, aerator faucets (taps) and water-conserving automatic washing
machines.

Full water-reduction fixtures include the combined use of reduced-flush 6/3-litre water
closets, shower flow restrictors, aerator faucets, front-load washing machines and
flow/pressure control valves on all water-use outlets. Additionally, water reduction may be
achieved by treatment of greywater and recycling for water closet flushing.

Installation of kitchen disposal units will increase the Sand Filter capacity by 33% to the
specified value

If above ground effluent disposal is desired, adequate chlorination of the effluent is
required and a sample of the effluent needs to be tested annually by a NATA approved
laboratory for the parameters in Appendix 4.
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
Imperative that no more than 250-300 mm of good quality topsoil is placed on top of the
Sand Filter. This soil must be mounded with high quality organic loam to shed stormwater
and support vegetative growth. Backfilling with clay is not permitted as it is likely to ‘seal’
the system and give rise to anaerobic conditions.

Plumbing work is to be kept as close to ground level as possible otherwise an extra pump
well will need to be installed prior to the sand filter. This will add extra upfront costs as
well as additional maintenance and associated repair costs.
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Appendix 3
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
DISPOSAL OF WASTE WATER BY SURFACE IRRIGATION

To dispose of wastewater by an above ground irrigation system you must comply with the
Environment Protection Authority Certificate of Approval CA1.5/08 and the Australian/New
Zealand Standard AS 1547:2000 On-site domestic wastewater management.

The main requirements from these documents are as follows;
 The wastewater must first be treated to the specified quality. This will require the
installation of an Aerated Wastewater Treatment System or sand filter. It is the
responsibility of the provider/manufacturer of the treatment system to verify and
guarantee that the correct quality will be produced.
 The treatment plant must be serviced and maintained by a qualified person and in
accordance with the manufacturers specifications.
 The quality of recycled water used for surface irrigation must comply with the limits in
the table below:
Indicator
Unit
Maximum
Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand
Suspended Solids
Faecal Coliforms
Free Residual Chlorine
mg/L
mg/L
Organisms/100 mL
mg/L – minimum 0.5
20
30
10
2

Permits issued pursuant to Section 53M of the Act, must require a sample of the recycled
water being irrigated to be collected at least once every year. The sample must be taken
and analysed by a person or laboratory registered by the National Association of Testing
Authorities.

The recycled water sample must be analysed for the indicators in the Table above.
This is necessary to demonstrate that the recycled water is receiving adequate
treatment and disinfection. Copies of all reports must be sent to the Council as
specified in the permit.

The irrigation system must be a permanently fixed system with distribution pipelines
buried at a minimum depth of 100 mm. Drippers and sprinklers are to be spaced so that
recycled water is evenly distributed over the irrigation area.

The irrigation system must be permanently fixed and the irrigation area must be a
permanently designated area which has been cultivated, planted with suitable
vegetation and identified by warning signs that ‘RECYCLED WATER’ is being used.

The irrigation area must be a permanent dedicated area within the premises.

The dedicated irrigation area must be cultivated to a depth of 100 mm, planted with
grasses or salt tolerant plants and appropriately mulched.
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The irrigation area must be sized on the sub-soil’s percolation rate from the Table below:
Table 3
Design Irrigation
Rate (mm/week)
Irrigation Rate
L/m2d
Fixture Rating
Standard fixtures
Standard waterreduction fixtures
Full waterreduction facilities
Standard fixtures
Standard waterreduction fixtures
Full waterreduction facilities
Standard fixtures
Standard waterreduction fixtures
Full waterreduction facilities
Standard fixtures
Standard waterreduction fixtures
Full waterreduction facilities
Standard fixtures
Standard waterreduction fixtures
Full waterreduction facilities
15
20
25
28
35
2.1
2.9
3.6
4
5
Irrigation Area Required m2
1 Bedroom
171
124
100
138
100
81
90
73
72
58
105
76
61
55
44
2 Bedrooms
257
186
207
150
150
121
135
109
108
87
157
114
92
83
66
3 Bedrooms
343
248
276
200
200
161
180
145
144
116
210
152
122
110
88
4 Bedrooms
429
310
345
250
250
201
225
181
180
145
262
190
153
138
110
5 Bedrooms
514
372
414
300
300
242
270
218
216
174
314
183
165
132
228
NOTE: Soil percolation rate of <12mm/week not suitable for surface irrigation
NOTE: These calculations are based on the Australian Standard AS 1547:2000.
 Standard water-reduction fixtures include dual-flush 11/5.5-litre water closets, showerflow restrictors, aerator faucets (taps) and water-conserving automatic washing
machines.
 Full water-reduction fixtures include the combined use of reduced-flush 6/3-litre water
closets, shower flow restrictors, aerator faucets, front-load washing machines and
flow/pressure control valves on all water-use outlets. Additionally, water reduction may be
achieved by treatment of greywater and recycling for water closet flushing.

The wastewater must not come into contact with the edible parts of herbs, fruit or
vegetables.

To prevent runoff, the irrigation area must be level as possible.
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
The irrigation area must be a permanent dedicated area within the premises.

The dedicated irrigation area must be cultivated to a depth of 100 mm, planted with
grasses or salt tolerant plants and appropriately mulched.

The irrigation pipes, etc, cannot be of domestic standard. All pipework and fittings must
comply with AS 2698:2000 - “Plastic Pipes and Fitting for Irrigation and Rural
Applications” – polyethylene rural pipe.

The irrigation area must be at least 15 metres from any house and must be located away
from pedestrian traffic and recreation areas so there is no risk of direct spray or spray drift
onto these areas.

Irrigation sprays must have a maximum throw of two metres and maximum plume height
of 600 millmetres and shall produce coarse droplets (not as a fine mist).

Household/Domestic hoses must not be used. Suitable irrigation pipe/hose must be
used.

Refer to Appendix 11 for required setback distances.
Other conditions and requirements are contained in the EPA Certificate of
Approval and Australian Standards.
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Appendix 4
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
DISPOSAL OF WASTE WATER BY SHALLOW TRENCH IRRIGATION

To dispose of wastewater by a shallow sub surface/below ground irrigation system you
must comply with Australian/New Zealand Standard 1547:2000. The following are the
main requirements extracted from the standard.

The wastewater must be first treated to the specified quality. This is a lower quality than
required for above ground irrigation however will still require the installation of a mechanical
treatment plant (or sand filter). Some form of treatment beyond that normally provided by a
Septic Tank will be required. It is the responsibility of the provider/manufacturer of the
treatment system to certify and guarantee that the correct quality will be produced.

If a mechanical treatment plant is installed, it must, be serviced and maintained by a
qualified person and in accordance with the manufacturers specifications.

The system involves a pumpset and pipework to distribute effluent under pressure evenly
around the irrigation area. The pressurised distribution lines should be a minimum of 25
mm in diameter with holes of 3mm minimum diameter, 1 metre apart, spaced to give
uniform distribution and located along the invert of the pipe to reduce the possibility of
clogging. For a 200 m2 area, there are several options for the instalment of the 25 mm
effluent pipe; (4 ‘runs’ x 50 m, 5 ‘runs’ x 40 m, 6 ‘runs’ x 33 m). These figures are reduced if
the soil percolation rate is higher. No run should exceed 50m otherwise the effluent may
have difficulty distributing evenly along the line.

Trenches (as per standard drawings) should be level and 1 metre apart, for uniform filling
with appropriate aggregate.

The irrigation pipes and fittings cannot be of domestic standard. All pipe work and fittings
must comply with AS 2698.2:2000 – ‘Plastic Pipes and Fittings for Irrigation and Rural
Applications’ – polyethylene rural pipe.

Sub-surface irrigation systems consist of a pump set and pipework that distributes
wastewater. If the permeability of the soil is very low (i.e. heavy clay), the soil in the
irrigation area must be improved by rotary hoeing and adding gypsum to the dedicated
wastewater disposal area.

The irrigation area must be a permanent dedicated area within the premises.

For pressure compensating pipe vacuum breakers (air valve) must be installed at the high
point of the disposal area and a flushing valve must be installed at the low point of the
disposal area. This allows for the disposal area to be flushed out preventing any blockages
from sludge/scum build-up and therefore prolonging the life of the system. The flushing
valve must either be connected so the wastewater is returned to the treatment system
(preferable option) or disposed of via sub-soil absorption trenches.

Refer to Appendix 11 for setback distances.
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The irrigation area must be sized on the sub-soil’s percolation rate from the Table below:
Table 4
Design Irrigation
Rate (mm/week)
Irrigation Rate
L/m2d
Fixture Rating
Standard fixtures
Standard waterreduction fixtures
Full waterreduction facilities
Standard fixtures
Standard waterreduction fixtures
Full waterreduction facilities
Standard fixtures
Standard waterreduction fixtures
Full waterreduction facilities
Standard fixtures
Standard waterreduction fixtures
Full waterreduction facilities
Standard fixtures
Standard waterreduction fixtures
Full waterreduction facilities
15
20
25
28
35
2.1
2.9
3.6
4
5
Irrigation Area Required m2
1 Bedroom
171
124
100
138
100
81
90
73
72
58
105
76
61
55
44
2 Bedrooms
257
186
207
150
150
121
135
109
108
87
157
114
92
83
66
3 Bedrooms
343
248
276
200
200
161
180
145
144
116
210
152
122
110
88
4 Bedrooms
429
310
345
250
250
201
225
181
180
145
262
190
153
138
110
5 Bedrooms
514
372
414
300
300
242
270
218
216
174
314
183
165
132
228
NOTE: Soil percolation rate of <12mm/week not suitable for shallow trench irrigation
NOTE: These calculations are based on the Australian Standard AS 1547:2000.
 Standard water-reduction fixtures include dual-flush 11/5.5-litre water closets, showerflow restrictors, aerator faucets (taps) and water-conserving automatic washing
machines.
 Full water-reduction fixtures include the combined use of reduced-flush 6/3-litre water
closets, shower flow restrictors, aerator faucets, front-load washing machines and
flow/pressure control valves on all water-use outlets. Additionally, water reduction may
be achieved by treatment of greywater and recycling for water closet flushing.
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This is a layout based on AS1547:2000. Manufacturers specifications may vary & thus the
required spacing etc.
Layout - Covered Surface Drip Irrigation System
min
1000mm
min 500mm
Good
Quality
Topsoil
(100mm)
min
1000mm
min 500mm
Mulch
min
100mm
min
200mm
Cultivated earth
Riser with
dripper/spray (every
1000mm)
lilac/lilac striped distribution
pipe buried to min 100mm
Example Disposal Bed Layout - Covered Surface Drip
Irrigation System
Total disposal area = 132m2
(6m x 22m)
22m
20m
Treatment
System
min 0.5m
min 1m
6m
4m
min 1m
min 0.5m
min 0.5m
min 0.5m
lilac (wastewater) drainage line
with drippers every 1 m
min 3m
Example Allotment - Covered Surface Drip Irrigation System
disposal bed 1
(6m x 17 m)
(102m2)
Fall of
the
land
disposal bed 2
(6m x 17 m)
(102m2)
3 separate diversion
taps, solenoids or
auto rotator
1m
min 6m
AWTS or
Sandfilter
House
min 6m
Swimming
Pool
min 3m
Drive
Car Port
Shed
Drive
disposal bed 3
(4m x 25 m)
(100m2)
lilac (wastewater)
drainage line with
drippers every 1 m
min 6m
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Total disposal
area = 304m2
Layout – Shallow Sub-surface Drip Irrigation System
min
500mm
Good
Quality
Topsoil
max
1000mm
max
1000mm
100mm
min
500mm
Coarse Sand
200mm
Dripper outlet (max.
every 1000mm)
Root inhibited dripper line
Example Disposal Field Layout – Shallow Sub-surface Drip Irrigation System
Total disposal area = 105m2
(5m x 21m)
Vacuum breaker
(Air Valve)
(high point)
21m
Treatment
System
20m
150-200 mesh
In-line strainer
(Filter)
1m
5m
4m
Distributor line
0.5m
0.5m
Scour/flushing Valve
(low point)
Flushing wastewater trench
(or return to treatment plant)
Root inhibited dripper line
(dripper outlets max. every 1m)
Example Allotment – Shallow Sub-surface Drip Irrigation System
min 3m
Flushing return line
disposal bed 1
(5m x 21 m)
(105m2)
1m
disposal bed 2
(5m x 21 m)
(105m2)
150-200 mesh
In-line strainer
(Filter)
AWTS or
Sandfilter
House
Fall of
the
land
min 6m
min 6m
Swimming
Pool
min 3m
Drive
Car Port
3 separate diversion
taps, solenoids or
auto rotator
Shed
Drive
disposal bed 3
(3m x 30 m)
(90m2)
lilac (wastewater)
drainage line with
drippers every 1 m
min 6m
Diagrams Reference:
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Total disposal
area = 300m2
Jeremy Draper. Environmental Health Officer. City of Greater
Bendigo
Page 22
Appendix 5
All pumps must be fully submersible, automatic, electric, self priming and shall be installed in accordance with
electricity authority regulations.
Reference: Environmental Protection Authority Victoria – Code of Practice – 891.2 Onsite Wastewater Management - 2008
City of Greater Geelong/Surf Coast Shire Onsite Wastewater Management Code of Practice – Created September 2009
Appendix 6
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
GENERAL CONDITIONS OF INSTALLATION
Suitable plants and grasses must be planted over and around effluent disposal areas. The
vegetation must also be kept healthy and viable. The maintenance of healthy vegetation is
essential to dispose of effluent through evapotranspiration.
Unless in accordance with specified variations, all materials, fixtures, pipes or other appliances
and all plumbing works shall be in accordance with the Victorian Plumbing Regulations 1998.
All plumbing works associated with the onsite wastewater system including the
irrigation field must be installed by a licensed plumber.
All installations must comply with the Environment Protection Authority ‘Code of Practice –
Onsite Wastewater Management 2008’, Australian Standard/New Zealand Standard 1547:2000
– on-site domestic wastewater management.
Effluent disposal area must be protected from vehicular traffic and livestock during and after
construction. This may require the erection of a fence or suitable barrier.
Effluent disposal area must be protected from storm water run-off. Cut-off drains may be
required.
All sewer drains must have minimum ground cover of 300mm and provided with accessible
inspection openings under public thoroughfares, rights of way and other places subject to
heavy vehicular traffic, must have a minimum cover of 750mm. Drains under other driveways
in unpaved ground or on ground paved with flexible surface such as bitumen must have a
minimum cover of 450mm. If this cover can not be achieved the drains must be cast iron or
encased in reinforce concrete.
A minimum fall of 300mm is required between invert of the outlet of the septic tank and the
bottom of the first effluent disposal trench or bed.
A drainage vent must be provided within 8 metres of the head of any drains so as to provide
protection to all water traps from siphonage.
All septic tanks are to be laid level on a suitable bedding, with inlet and outlet markings
correctly orientated.
All concrete pre-cast septic tanks designed to serve less than 10 persons shall conform to
Australian Standard/New Zealand Standard 1546.1:1998 – on-site domestic wastewater
treatment units and marked accordingly. Back filling around tanks shall be in layers
consolidated in a manner that will not produce undue strain on the tank.
No tank shall be constructed or installed closer than 2 metres to the foundation of any house or
other building or the boundary of any allotment. This distance may need to be increased if the
excavation for the tank is greater than 2.5 metres. Advice on this matter should be sought from
Council’s Building Department or a private building surveyor.
Inspection openings on the septic tank shall be brought up to and permanently marked at
ground surface level. Inspection openings shall be fitted with child-proof airtight covers which
are capable of being readily removed and replaced by one adult.
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Appendix 7
CONDITIONS FOR ONGOING USE OF SYSTEM
The successful functioning of the system relies on the ability of plants to use your
wastewater. You must therefore maintain healthy growth of grasses and plants over and
around the disposal area. A list of suitable plants is at Appendix 10.
All wastes must be contained within the property boundaries. Council will not approve systems
which treat wastes for discharge off the property.
Effluent disposal area must be protected from vehicular traffic and livestock during and after
construction. This may require the erection of a fence or suitable barrier.
Effluent disposal area must be protected from storm water run-off. Cut-off drains may be required.
Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems (AWTS) must be maintained and serviced in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions and the relevant EPA Certificate of Approval.
A maintenance logbook is to be kept and copies of maintenance certificates are to be forwarded to
Council.
The septic tank system must at all times be maintained to prevent a nuisance or other condition
liable to be dangerous to health or offensive.
The septic tank system shall be desludged a minimum of once every three years to ensure the
efficient performance of the overall system.
Do not install a swimming pool closer than 6 metres from the effluent disposal area.
Do not place soil over the effluent disposal system so that the layer of aggregate is further from final
surface than approximately 175 mm.
Treater/recycled wastewater may be used to irrigate the base of fruit trees but must not come into
contact with the edible parts of herbs, vegetables or fruit.
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Appendix 8
RECOMMENDED TREES AND SHRUBS FOR
THE GEELONG/SURF COAST REGION
The following plants are known to occur in the Geelong and Surf Coast areas and are adapted
to wet or boggy areas or can tolerate periods of inundation*.
Botanical Name
Common Name
Height
Alyxia buxifolia
Atriplex semibaccata
Atriplex paludosa
Baumea acuta
Baumea juncea
Carex appressa
Carex breviculmis
Dianella longifolia
Dianella tasmanica
Eleocharis acuta
Eleocharis sphacelata
Gahnia filum
Gahnia sieberiana
Goodenia ovata
Indigofera australis
Isolepis inundata
Isolepis nodosa
Juncus kraussii
Juncus procerus
Leptospermum lanigerum
Leptospermum myrsinoides
Lomandra longifolia
Melaleuca ericifolia
Melaleuca lanceolata
Melaleuca squarrosa
Patersonia fragilis
Patersonia occidentalis
Prosanthera melissifolia
Schoenus brevifolius
Schoenus lepidosperma
Schoenus tesquorum
Sea Box
Creeping Saltbush
Marsh Saltbush
Pale Twig-sedge
Bare Twig-sedge
Tall sedge
Common Grass-sedge
Pale Flax-lily
Tasman Flax-lily
Common Spike-sedge
Tall Spike-sedge
Chaffy Saw-sedge
Red-fruited Saw-sedge
Hop Goodenia
Austral Indigo
Swamp Club-sedge
Knobby Club-rush
Sea Rush
Tall Rush
Woolly Tea-tree
Heath Tea-tree
Spiny-headed Mat-rush
Swamp Paperbark
Moonah
Scented Paperbark
Short Purple-flag
Long Purple-flag
Balm Mint Bush
Zig-zag Bog-sedge
Slender Bog-sedge
Soft Bog-sedge
To 2m
To 40cm
To 1.6m
To 50cm
To 90cm
To 1.5m
To 30cm
To 1.3m
To 1m
To 60cm
To 2m
To 1m
To 2-3m
To 2m
To 1.5m
To 40cm
To 1m
To 1.2m
To 1.8m
To 6m
To 1.5m
To 1m
To 7m
To 10m
To 3m
To 60cm
To 80cm
To 2.5m
To 80cm
To 45cm
To 45cm
*This reference list may be of assistance to you but the City of Greater Geelong/Surf Coast Shire and its
employees do not guarantee that the reference list is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for
your particular purposes and therefore disclaim all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which
may arise from you relying on any information in this reference list
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Appendix 9
DESIGN WASTEWATER FLOW RATES:
Typical wastewater flow
allowance in L/person/day
(see Note 1)
Source
Private
water
supply
Reticulated
water supply
140
180
115
145
80
110
Households with extra wastewater producing facilities
170
220
Households (blackwater only)
50
60
Households (greywater only)
90
120
140
30
20
20
20
180
40
30
25
30
20
10
30
15
20
15
30
25
10
15
30
30
15
25
40
50
100
50
130
65
Households with standard fixtures (including automatic
washing machine)
Households with standard water-reduction fixtures (see Note
2)
Households with full water-reduction facilities (see Note 3)
Motels/hotels
 Guests, resident staff
 Non-resident staff
 Reception rooms
 Bar trade (per customer)
 Restaurant
Community halls
 Banqueting
 Meetings
Restaurants (per diner)
 Dinner
 Lunch
Tea rooms (per customer)
 Without restroom facilities
 With restroom facilities
School (pupils plus staff)
Rural factories, shopping centres
Camping grounds
 Fully serviced
 Recreation areas
NOTES:
1. These flows are minimum rates unless actual flows from past experience can be
demonstrated.
2. Standard water-reduction fixtures include dual-flush 11/5.5-litre water closets, shower-flow
restrictors, aerator faucets (taps) and water-conserving automatic washing machines.
3. Full water-reduction fixtures include the combined use of reduced-flush 6/3-litre water closets,
shower flow restrictors, aerator faucets, front-load washing machines and flow/pressure control
valves on all water-use outlets. Additionally, water reduction may be achieved by treatment of
greywater and recycling for water closet flushing (reclaimed water cycling).
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Appendix 10
SETBACK DISTANCES FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TREATED
SEWERAGE IN UNSEWERED AREAS1
Setback distance23 (m)
Item
Building
Wastewater field up-slope of building4
6
Wastewater field down-slope of building
3
Allotment boundary
Wastewater field up-slope of adjacent lot
6
Wastewater field down-slope of adjacent lot
3
Services
Water supply pipe
3
Potable supply channel (wastewater field up-slope)
300
Potable supply channel (wastewater field down-slope)
20
Gas
3
Underground water tank
15
Stormwater drain
6
Swimming pool
6
Cutting/escarpment
15
Surface waters (up-slope from)
Dam or reservoir (potable, includes water for food production) 5
Stream, river, waterways (potable water supply
Dam or reservoir (stock and
catchment) 6
non-potable)5
300
100
60
Stream or channel (continuous ephemeral, non-potable)
60
Groundwater bore
Potable or non-potable
20
1
These distances act as a guide and must be measured horizontally from the defined boundary of the
dispersal/irrigation area. They do not apply vertically. For streams and dams , the measuring point shall be
the ‘bank full discharge level’.
2 With the exception of groundwater bores, the setback distances may be reduced by up to 50% where all
the following conditions are met:
Effluent quality meets 20/30 standard when used for sub-surface irrigation or;
Effluent quality meets 20/30/10 standard when used for surface irrigation and;
Slopes are <5%, or pressure compensated sub-surface irrigation drip lines along the contour.
3 Effluent typically contains high levels of nutrients that may have a negative impact on native vegetation.
When considering setbacks, council are to consider not only the potential impact of nutrients in regards to
the proposed onsite wastewater system, but in regards to other existing onsite wastewater systems located
in the same area.
4 Setback distances help protect human health. However, establishing an effluent disposal field/irrigation
area upslope of a building may have implications for the structural integrity of the building. This issue is
beyond this Code’s scope and should be examined by a building professional on a site-by-site basis.
5 Dams do not apply to dams and reservoirs located above ground level.
6 Means a water course within a Special Water Supply Catchment Area listed in Schedule 5 of the
Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994.
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Appendix 11
ON-SITE WASTEWATER SYSTEM
CHECKLIST
Please ensure that you have completed all items below:

Planning permit (where required)

Percolation tests/Land Capability Assessment (where required)

Title

Detailed floor plan of house showing all fixtures and rooms

Detailed block plan with septic system marked - which includes all
planned developments, driveways, outbuildings/sheds,
pathways/paving, water tanks, swimming pools etc (dimensions
and roads marked)

Management plan & disposal requirements

Application form submitted and fee paid

Site inspection by Environmental Health Officer

Permit to Install & Plan approval received

System inspection by Environmental Health Officer

Maintenance contract/owner agreement provided

Final Inspection by Environmental Health Officer

Approval to Use received
Your system can only be used once you have completed all points of the
checklist. This checklist is for your reference only, it does not need to be
submitted to council.
If you are unsure of any of the requirements or would like further information
please contact one of Council’s Environmental Health Officers.
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