HAPNET
STARTPAGE
HUMAN RESOURCES AND MOBILITY (HRM)
ACTIVITY
MARIE CURIE ACTIONS
Research Training Networks (RTNs)
PART B
Hadronic Physics Network
in Experiment and Theory
HAPNET
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B1
SCIENTIFIC QUALITY OF THE PROJECT
B1.1.
RESEARCH TOPIC
Quantum chromodynamics is the theory describing the strong interactions.
Our present understanding of the elementary structure of matter is described in the Standard Model of Particle
Physics. The theory has proven consistent with a tremendous number of measurements with increasing accuracy.
The frontiers in our knowledge of the field are the search for the physics beyond the standard model, for which
experiments will be carried out at the highest possible energies, and the investigation of the interactions within
the standard model, including the determination of masses, mixing and coupling constants and understanding the
strong interactions that govern the structure of hadrons. For the latter dedicated experiments are needed in which
among others the choice of beams and targets, the inclusion of polarization and specific detector options are
important. In theoretical physics considerable efforts are needed to formulate a self-consistent theory for all
interactions, as well as to understand the details and consequences of the basic interactions.
The structure of protons and neutrons is the result of the strong interactions.
A part of the standard model is the theory of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). It has convincingly been shown
that it describes the strong interactions between the coloured quarks and gluons, which are the elementary
building blocks of the protons and neutrons that, in turn, are the constituents of the atomic nuclei and hence the
basic building blocks of all visible mass in the universe. Quarks and gluons, however, do not appear as free
particles, but stay confined into hadrons at distance scales larger than about 1 fm = 10 -15 m. Hadrons are divided
into baryons (like protons and neutrons) and mesons (like pions, that are being exchanged in nuclei).
Understanding the phenomenon of confinement in hadrons is one of the basic quests of the 21 th century.
The study of structure of hadrons requires intensive interaction between experiment and theory.
The quarks and gluons interact with each other via the strong force through the interchange of gluons. Although
the underlying theory is known, the quark and gluon structure of hadrons is far from understood. This shows
both in theoretical and experimental work in the field. Theoretical calculations are complex because the
interaction is strong, prohibiting the use of standard approximations such as perturbation theory. Experiments
cannot be performed with quarks and gluons, as they do not appear as free particles, but they can only be
performed with hadrons. It has turned out that progress requires, besides development of novel theoretical
methods and experimental techniques, a close collaboration of theorists and experimentalists.
Probing structure of hadrons requires dedicated experiments.
Within theory a variety of non-perturbative methods has been employed to study various aspects of hadron
structure, the understanding of the different types of hadrons, their spectra, their charge distributions, their quark
and gluon content. We mention the use of large-scale lattice gauge calculations, the use of more sophisticated
quark models and the construction of effective theories. To test the accuracy and range of validity of models and
calculations, accurate data are needed for very specific asymmetries involving additional degrees of freedom
such as spin, which requires polarization experiments and the latest techniques in particle detection
Interpretation of results requires dedicated theoretical work
On the experimental side, the key to the study of hadron structure in a variety of scattering processes has been
the search for the right identifiers, e.g. the known underlying electron-quark interaction in deep inelastic
scattering pins down the initial state, the production of specific particles identifies the quark flavours and
polarization is used to select specific spin states. In order to interpret the results one must be able to describe the
measured results (hadronic level) in terms of quark and gluon properties, which requires appropriate theoretical
formulations that take naturally into account basic features in particular those imposed by fundamental
symmetries of the laws of nature.
Hadron physics is at the boundaries of nuclear physics, particle physics and astrophysics.
In nuclear physics the essential degrees of freedoms are hadrons (nucleons and pions), but their substructure has
become increasingly important to explain precision experiments. In particle physics, the emphasis is on the
particles in the standard model (quarks and leptons), but the confinement of the quarks inside the hadrons
requires understanding the structure of hadrons. In the same way as the understanding of nuclear physics is
essential for interpreting astrophysical processes such as stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis in the big bang,
standard model physics, that describes both electroweak and strong interactions, will most likely turn out to be
important for understanding high-energy and high-density astrophysical phenomena.
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B1.2.
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
Overall objectives
First main objective: Building and strengthening interactions between experiment and theory.
The first objective is the transfer of knowledge and the development of skills of young researchers in the field, in
both experimental and theoretical research. With the increasing complexity of experimental and theoretical
research, there is a trend of decreasing interaction. The network identifies milestones in terms of planning,
producing and interpreting data. It engages experienced experimentalists and theorists to work jointly towards
reaching those milestones. A number of early-stage researchers (ESR) and experienced researchers (ER),
foreseen in the network, will be involved in most of the tasks thereby ensuring training in both the experimental
and theoretical aspects of their research. The network focuses on hadron physics, including groups and institutes
working on nuclear physics, particle physics and astrophysics and covering a broad spectrum of topics and
research methods. At the present time it is important that young scientists understand and explore the
multidisciplinary implications of their field of research. It is at the different boundaries that many new
discoveries are made.
Second main objective: Understanding the QCD structure of hadrons.
The second objective is improving our understanding of the structure of hadrons within the theoretical
framework of quantum chromodynamics on the basis of novel experiments at present and future facilities. This
means looking for a variety of specific observables and ways to measure them. Specific in this context means
that it must become clear which properties of quarks and gluons or which correlations between them are
addressed. This is essential to enable comparison of data with predictions or calculations in models of hadrons or
in lattice QCD. On the theoretical side, the range of validity and the implications of specific predictions or
calculations must be critically investigated. On the experimental side, participation in the preparation of
experiments, development of detectors, as well as performing relevant experiments is an integral part of this
objective.
Main physics issues.
In the field of hadron physics a number of far-reaching developments have taken place. Experimental techniques
have been or potentially can be improved considerably, in particular when it comes to polarization of beams and
targets in scattering experiments, detection of particles, increasing luminosity and using advanced methods in the
data analysis. The possibilities to do advanced lattice computations opens new ways to perform ab initio
calculations in QCD. Furthermore, new perturbative and nonperturbative approaches in quantum field theory are
incorporated into model calculations. Most importantly, however, is the realization that the most successful
attempts to understand the quark and gluon structure of hadrons within QCD, involve combined effort of
theorists and experimentalists.
Specific physics issues, which are proposed for study within the network, are:
1. The spectrum of QCD and the global spatial structure of hadrons: confinement, exotic hadrons, the role of
gluons, elastic and transition form factors
2. Decoding the quark and gluon structure of hadrons: parton distribution functions (PDF’s) and fragmentation
functions (FF’s).
3. Spatial and angular momentum structure of hadrons at quark-gluon level: generalized parton distributions
(GPD’s).
Each of the physics issues covers many aspects of hadron physics, which is important from the perspective of
research training and transfer of knowledge. The activities of the network are well focused by selecting a number
of coherent tasks. These tasks aim at investigating the above topics to the extent possible at existing facilities
and, equally important, also examining the necessary upgrading of these facilities for carrying out improved
measurements, as well as looking at possible experiments at new facilities. Along this line of activities the young
researchers, in particular early-stage researchers, can profit greatly from the expertise of more experienced
scientists, some of whom are also working on strengthening the infrastructure in Europe via the recently
approved Integrated Infrastructure Initiative network ‘Hadronic Physics’ (I3HP). This entails a massive research
effort combining all of the European hadron physics community. It is one of the aims of the proposed network to
match these efforts with a dedicated training programme.
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Goals and breakthroughs
Issue 1: The spectrum of QCD and the global spatial structure of hadrons: confinement, exotic hadrons,
the role of gluons, elastic and transition form factors.
The spectrum of QCD, i.e. masses and lifetimes of hadrons, remains full of surprises as shown recently by the
discovery of the first exotic baryon, manifestly consisting of five valence quarks, the pentaquark state +(1540),
and some indications for a similarly-structured  baryon. A number of basic properties of hadrons, determined
from form factor measurements in exclusive processes, such as electromagnetic, flavour and weak charges of
hadrons and the spatial distributions of these charges, represent a challenge for models and lattice calculations.
For each of these hadron properties the collective response of the confined quarks and gluons can be considered.
The essential role played by confinement requires nonperturbative approaches to QCD such as building models,
formulating and solving effective field theories or performing lattice gauge calculations. The network aims at
bringing together groups that are experts in these fields. In particular the collaboration of experimental groups
with theory groups involved both in phenomenological models of QCD and in lattice gauge calculations is
expected to lead to breakthroughs. Lattice gauge theories already now provide information towards modelling
that is complementary to direct experimental data. The reliability of this information can be estimated from the
quality of lattice gauge theory results for those quantities that are directly measurable.
Issue 2: Decoding the quark and gluon structure of hadrons: parton distribution and fragmentation
functions.
Parton distribution and fragmentation functions constitute a link between experiment and theory. Theoretically,
their structure in terms of quark and gluon field operators within QCD is known. They can be extracted from
particular combinations of unpolarized or polarized cross sections in inclusive or semi-inclusive high-energy
scattering processes such as leptoproduction or electron-positron annihilation. At the highest energies, three
quark distribution functions and two gluon distribution functions are needed to characterize the quark and gluon
structure of the nucleon, including spin degrees of freedom. Concerning the gluon structure, a major
breakthrough is expected through the measurement of their contribution to the nucleon spin by the COMPASS
collaboration. In processes in which two or more hadrons play a role, such as in hadron-hadron collisions, the
transverse momentum of partons becomes important and manifests itself in azimuthal spin asymmetries. The
dominant fragmentation function for a pion, moreover, has an unusual (odd) time-reversal behaviour that is
accessible experimentally by measuring single-spin asymmetries. The goal within the network is to establish if
indeed the measured single spin asymmetries can be described via universal transverse-momentum dependent
distribution and fragmentation functions. This requires new measurements and coherent efforts of theorists and
experimentalists in the analysis phase. An expected breakthrough is establishing the scale dependence of singlespin asymmetries, which requires the understanding of field theoretical issues such as the colour gauge link
structure in the description. Clarification of various theoretical issues is needed for the interpretation of
experimental studies of single spin azimuthal asymmetries and to augment existing model estimates.
Issue 3: Spatial and angular momentum structure of hadrons at quark-gluon level: generalized parton
distributions.
Generalized parton distributions constitute a further link between experiment and theory. In contrast to usual
parton distribution and fragmentation functions, they are relevant in exclusive scattering processes. One of their
salient features is that they contain simultaneous information about the momentum distribution of quarks and
gluons along a reference direction and about their spatial distribution in the directions perpendicular to it. In this
way, a fully three-dimensional picture of parton dynamics can be unraveled. By the same virtue, generalized
parton distributions provide the only known access to the orbital angular momentum of quarks and gluons, which
needs to be added to the intrinsic angular momentum in order to understand the full spin decomposition of the
nucleon.
A multi-step procedure is required to obtain the physics information residing in these quantities. It
involves taking high-quality experimental data, subsequent theoretical and phenomenological analysis are in
order to relate measured cross sections to the generalized parton distributions, and finally to confront information
about these functions with the nonperturbative dynamics of quarks and gluons in QCD. The proposed network
aims to contribute to all steps in this chain. An expected breakthrough is to achieve a better understanding of the
interplay between the longitudinal and transverse variables in generalized parton distributions, with information
both from lattice QCD calculations and from experimental data to be obtained in the years ahead.
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B1.3.
SCIENTIFIC ORIGINALITY OF THE PROJECT
Hadron physics is unique and addresses fundamental and longstanding issues such as the description of
relativistic bound states in which almost massless quarks build massive hadrons, such as the nucleons that
constitute almost all of the visible mass in the universe. Other issues are the understanding of colour confinement
and spontaneous symmetry breaking. The network brings together groups that are directly or indirectly involved
in a variety of experiments at several facilities in Europe, not only the large scale facilities such as DESY
(Hamburg) and CERN (Geneva) but also smaller-scale facilities such as Frascati, Bonn, GSI (Darmstadt) and
Mainz as well as facilities outside Europe such as TJNAF (Newport News, Virginia) in the USA. Furthermore,
it involves a sizeable fraction of leading theorists working in hadron physics. Together they ensure the diversity
in methods, experiments and phenomenology needed in order to come to a fundamental understanding of the
field theoretical working of QCD at the level of hadrons.
Issue 1. The spectrum of QCD and the global spatial structure of hadrons: confinement, exotic hadrons,
the role of gluons, elastic and transition form factors
The experimental and theoretical investigation of the spectrum of QCD and the spatial structure of hadrons
continue to provide a most fertile ground for understanding QCD in the confinement region. Precise new data
concerning the form factors of the nucleon and mesons (e.g. the neutron GEn), deviation from the dipole form,
the search for exotic states, the detailed investigation of the strangeness form factors of the nucleon, its
polarizabilities and N- transition densities will be obtained in the next few years. The interpretation of these
data either through improved QCD inspired models or through lattice gauge calculations will provide a reliable
source of quantitative information useful for experimental activities. Several new ideas and techniques in the
field of lattice gauge calculations will be implemented such as the use of chirally improved fermions (domain
wall and overlap fermions) to study unquenching effects on various quantities such as (transition) form factors
using light enough pions. The implementation of chiral fermions together with increase in computer speed
allows lattice calculations using pion masses in the range of 200-300 MeV, while until recently only pion masses
down to about 500 MeV could be used. The use of a realistic pion mass is crucial for understanding pionic
contributions from first principles. Since such calculations are just beginning, considerable progress is expected
in the nearby future.
Issue 2. Decoding the quark and gluon structure of hadrons: parton distribution and fragmentation
functions
Of the quark distributions, the unpolarized quark distributions are well established and reasonably accurately
known for the various quark and antiquark flavours. The longitudinal spin distributions are also known, but
much work on the flavour-spin decomposition remains to be done. This is part of the programme of the
HERMES collaboration working at DESY. For the transverse spin distributions first indirect data are emerging.
Using models for hadron structure and lattice calculations, and knowing its scale dependence from perturbative
QCD calculations, a clear theoretical picture has emerged as well, but experimental confirmation is eagerly
awaited. It is foreseen that the first measurements will be performed during the lifetime of the network with
active involvement of participants (HERMES at DESY and COMPASS at CERN). A difficulty with the
transverse spin distribution is its chiral-odd nature, which prohibits measurements in inclusive deep inelastic
leptoproduction, the preferred experiment for measurements of quark distributions. Access to the function
requires semi-inclusive (1- or 2-particle inclusive) processes. This requires knowledge of fragmentation
functions for quarks or gluons into hadrons. For the most abundantly produced particle, the pion with spin 0,
there is no leading (collinear) chiral-odd fragmentation function. There is, however, a fragmentation function,
the Collins function, that involves transverse momenta of the quarks. This function appears in semi-inclusive
leptoproduction and other processes, its most striking experimental signature being the appearance in single spin
asymmetries. Its universality is presently being studied in models and by using field theoretical methods.
Issue 3. The angular momentum structure of quarks and gluons in hadrons: generalized parton
distributions
The theoretical formalism relating generalized parton distributions to experimental observables is well
established, and several general properties of these functions in QCD are known. An outstanding problem is a
better understanding of their dependence on the two longitudinal momentum (scaling) variables and on the
momentum transfer (which is related to the transverse degrees of freedom) and in particular on the interplay
between these variables. Whereas so far this question has been addressed at the level of models and of
constraints from known elastic form factors, it will in the course of the network become possible to include in
this investigation both first principle calculations from lattice QCD and experimental results on relevant
kinematical distributions in exclusive processes. Further outstanding theoretical issues to be addressed in the
network are how to achieve an adequate accuracy in relating cross sections with generalized parton distributions
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(controlling in particular corrections of higher twist and of higher orders in the strong coupling), and the
identification of a set of observables that will allow one to disentangle generalized parton distributions with
different spin and flavour structure. Such a separation is certainly required to achieve the long-term goal of
evaluating the orbital angular momentum of quarks and antiquarks in the nucleon. These theoretical efforts will
be matched by experimental work in preparing and performing measurements of exclusive cross sections and
event distributions at a sufficient level of detail. The first dedicated experiments to perform such measurements
will be carried out during the lifetime of this network at TJNAF and DESY.
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B1.4.
RESEARCH METHOD
A variety of both theoretical and experimental research methods are covered in the network. They are selected
because of the role they can play in addressing the physics issues mentioned and at the same time ensure training
and knowledge transfer to young researchers. Novel methods and techniques are incorporated in the network:
expertise in the area of lattice gauge calculations, teams that look at more formal aspects of QCD as well as
teams that try to build models for hadrons. It also has been ensured that expertise on developing experimental
tools, performing measurements and analysing data is available. It is to be noted that most of these methods
have general applicability to many disciplines, both in fundamental and especially in applied research and
applications, providing valuable training for the future generation of scientists.
Method 1. Developing experimental tools
Part of the measurements foreseen can be performed at existing facilities such as the HERMES experiment at
DESY, the COMPASS experiment at CERN and the experimental facilities of TJNAF and Mainz. Usually
modest modifications, such as the installation of a transversely polarized target or the upgrade of the CLAS
detector at TJNAF, are sufficient to extend the measurements to address theoretical questions arising from earlier
experiments. The experiments trying to access the generalized parton distributions, however, require the
development of sizable additional detection equipment. In particular, the construction of instruments for the
detection of recoil products emerging from deep-inelastic scattering events are needed to identify the exclusive
processes which give access to the generalized parton distributions. The facilities mentioned above are engaged
into the construction or design of such additional equipment. Moreover, at a longer time scale entirely new
facilities will be needed to increase the precision of some of the existing data to a level where a distinction
between competing theoretical models can be made. For the development of such new facilities, simulation and
prototype studies will be performed. Some of these developments are also part of the networking activity
‘Transversity’ within the approved I3HP project. The emphasis in the network will be placed on the training
aspects of these projects and on the necessary exchanges between the teams.
Method 2. Performing measurements
Experiments studying the structure of hadrons require the availability of intense polarized lepton beams having
energies up to 200 GeV. Such beams are available at the lepton scattering facilities of DESY, CERN and
TJNAF. Because of their complementary nature, the network intends to be involved in experiments at each of
these facilities. The measurements themselves represent a rather large effort as the time needed to collect a
significant data set varies from a few months (at TJNAF) to a couple of years (DESY). During data taking the
available detectors are constantly monitored to enable a quasi-permanent check of the quality of the
measurements. The detection instruments and tools to monitor the quality of the data coming in are largely
available at the mentioned facilities. The challenge of measurements of this kind is to obtain internally consistent
data that represent a robust data set involving beam and target polarization levels well in excess of 50%. The
employment of cutting edge technology in the experimental arrangements (ultra high vacuum, state of the art
electronics, cryogenics, high power laser, RF superconductivity etc) is a most important component of the
training aspect
Method 3. Data analysis
The analysis of the data collected consists of several steps. Initially the quality of the data is verified by checking
whether all sub-detectors were operating at their nominal settings during the measurements. Subsequently, the
data are used to reconstruct particle tracks of which the charge, energy and momentum are determined. At this
stage also the identity of the produced hadrons is evaluated. Having thus converted the data into events
containing several well-identified tracks, the physics information can be extracted from the data. This involves
the calculation of particle spectra (relevant for searches) cross sections, (transition) form factors, single- and
double-spin asymmetries, first and second moments etc. Finally, a considerable effort is needed to determine the
margins of uncertainty that must be associated with each of the aforementioned observables. The intensive use of
computers for data reduction and simulation of the experiments fits nice with the broad training it provides to the
young scientists.
Method 4. Formalism and development of theoretical tools
It is important to have systematic expansions of measurable quantities such as cross sections or asymmetries. In
high-energy scattering processes in which a hard scale, such as the momentum transfer in leptoproduction, can
be identified, one can write down an expansion in inverse powers of this hard scale. Each of the terms in the
expansion contains matrix elements of specific quark and gluon field operators (characterized by their twist).
Within each term contributions may be distinguished by looking at the order of the (running) strong coupling
constant s(Q2). At high energies, these contributions can be calculated in perturbative QCD. With increasing
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refinement of measurements, e.g. the production of specific particles or measurements of azimuthal asymmetries
one can distinguish again different contributions. For these contributions one needs to include transverse
momenta within the theoretical framework. From the various contributions one can often single out specific ones
that rely on symmetries such as parity or time-reversal. For instance, in measurements where the time-reversal
symmetry does not lead to constraints, single spin asymmetries are allowed.
Method 5. Modelling and simulation
With the exception of very few cases, the description of high-energy scattering processes contains one or even
more components that are not calculable by means of perturbative QCD. These components are nonperturbative
matrix elements that can be investigated successfully by models containing the crucial symmetries of QCD. For
instance, the (almost exact) chiral symmetry of QCD for the light quarks plays an important role in the
construction of realistic approaches. Based on this symmetry a systematic tool (Chiral Perturbation Theory) has
been developed for calculations in the nonperturbative sector of QCD. Another powerful method is studying the
predictions of QCD in the limit of a large number of colours. Such predictions are to a large extent modelindependent, and have not only proven to be successful in describing the main features of, e.g., parton
distribution functions but also of the hadron spectrum. Calculations and simulations of observables based on
these methods are important for the theoretical understanding, but are also extremely useful in order to guide
dedicated experiments.
Method 6. Lattice gauge calculations
Lattice Gauge Theory (LGT) allows computation of a large number of masses, hadronic matrix elements, and
coupling constants, as well as certain properties of the QCD vacuum which are of central importance for
phenomenological models of hadrons. The key element is the analytical continuation of QCD to imaginary
times. It results in an exponential suppression of all resonance states for a given set of quantum numbers when a
state is propagated in the Euclidean time direction. Thus the exact (within the accuracy of any given practical
simulation) hadron wave functions are isolated, for which one can then calculate matrix elements of interest.
While the range of applicability of this very powerful approach is continuously extended, models are
indispensable for the description of many processes. Calculations in LGT are computationally very demanding
and as such they have always been at the forefront of computer developments or they have triggered new
developments.
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B1.5.
WORK PLAN
Task 1. Experimental developments
Task coordinators: Michel Garçon (partner 12)
Concerning experiments, it is important that experimentalists make theorists aware of existing data and assist in
setting up appropriate databases, such as those on distribution and fragmentation functions. For running
experiments, physicists in the network participate in data-taking and on-line analysis and are involved with
technical issues related to targets, beams and detectors. Another part of this first task consists of the preparation
of experiments, writing of proposals, and doing simulations together with theorists. Focus of the network will be
on the development of recoil detection and participation in measurements at HERMES and TJNAF. Important
are also issues related to long-range planning which include involvement in the preparation of large-scale
experiments at large facilities like CERN or in proposals for upgrading facilities such as the 12 GeV upgrade at
TJNAF.
Task 2. Data analysis and interpretation
Task coordinators: Andreas Schäfer (partner 11), Gerard van der Steenhoven (partner 1)
This task is the one, where theorists and experimentalists will most closely collaborate. As emphasized before
this collaboration is essential in the field of hadron physics, where models are needed to investigate the
feasibility of experiments and understand trends in the data, while the data are needed to eliminate uncertainties
in the models or the models themselves. Theorists must understand the meaning of data produced with much
effort by experimentalists, while experimentalists must extract from the data those quantities that are the most
relevant ones for theory. The focus of the network is on transversity measurements, in particular those using
single spin asymmetry measurements at HERMES and the measurement of generalized parton distributions at
HERMES and TJNAF, but attention will also be given to other relevant measurements, such as the gluon
polarization measurements at HERMES and COMPASS and other exclusive measurements at several facilities.
Task 3. Development of theory and models
Task coordinators: Paul Hoyer (partner 6)
This task involves mostly theorists, but the emphasis is on improving models by incorporating also the results of
new experiments or insight obtained via a different route, e.g. another model or a lattice calculation. It does
include developments within lattice calculations using new computational methods, concepts or algorithms and
the combination of computational and analytical methods. The overall framework of this task is the field
theoretical framework of QCD, which has been quite successful to describe scattering cross sections for leptonhadron and hadron-hadron collisions in terms of quark and gluon correlators.
The involvement of participants in the various tasks is summarized in table B1.5.1. The teams in general are
indicated by the name of the city of the coordinator.
Table B1.5.1. Involvement of the participants in network tasks and issues. Under tasks the number(s)
correspond(s) to the prime research method(s) used by the team [as numbered in section B1.4].
1. Amsterdam
2. Athens
3. Bochum
4. Frascati
5. Glasgow
6. Helsinki
7. Liège
8. Nicosia
9. Orsay (IN2P3)
10. Pavia (incl. Torino)
11. Regensburg (incl.
DESY/Heidelberg)
12. Saclay
13. Valencia
14. Warsaw
Task 1
Task 2
Task 3
Issue 1
Issue 2
Issue 3
experimental
phenomenological
theoretical
global
quark-glue
Ang. Mom.
1,2
1,2
3,4
3,4
5
3
3,6
1,2
1,2
1,2
2
2
1,2
2
3,5
4,6
3
4,5
3,4,6
3,4,5
5
3,4
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X
X
X
6
4
6
4
5
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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Most of the teams involve physicists from more than one university or research institute. We will in general not
specify sub-teams, unless in those cases that a particular group within the team is involved because of a specific
expertise. In most cases the teams are built around existing collaborations. As examples of combinations of
institutes in one team we mention the Pavia team, which includes physicists from Pavia and Torino and eight
other institutes. The Regensburg team includes scientists from DESY, Heidelberg and the Warsaw team
involving physicists from several institutes in Warsaw and Cracow (details on the teams and the composition are
given in section B3). A number of teams work together at international facilities like DESY, CERN and TJNAF,
which will play a role as sites where the experimental work is done. Physicists from the teams, and through them
the young researchers of the network, are embedded in collaborations such as HERMES, COMPASS and CLAS
and in this way have access to these facilities.
Projects
In order to achieve the tasks we define 12 research projects that will be assigned to young researchers. We
ensure a good balance between theorists and experimentalists, as well as between ESR’s and ER’s. In this way
we are able to meet the main objectives, in particular the first one emphasizing strengthening the theoryexperiment link and knowledge transfer. The research projects address the three physics issues that we have
identified as the ones of direct relevance to the main second objective, namely the understanding of the QCD
structure of hadrons. The following projects are selected:
P-1 QCD, perturbative approaches and factorisation
P-2 QCD, models and connections to lattice gauge theory
P-3 QCD, nonperturbative approaches, models, exotics
P-4 transversity and single spin asymmetries, formalism exemplified in models.
P-5 T-odd distribution and fragmentation functions and model estimates
P-6 GPD’s and modelling
P-7 Lattice gauge calculations and models for GPD’s
P-8 Developing recoil detection
P-9 Measuring transversity at HERMES
P-10 Measuring single spin asymmetries and GPD’s at HERMES
P-11 Measuring single spin asymmetries and GPD’s at TJNAF
P-12 Measuring exclusive processes
We expect to make 14 appointments, which in principle will be 36 months for ESR positions and 24 months for
ER positions. In some cases, however, this may interfere with the end of the network or the regular length of
Ph.D. programmes, in which case the teams are required to make sure that this will not hamper the career of the
young researchers. For this purpose some additional months will likely be generated, in particular for the ESR
positions, by pursuing matching from universities or institutes. Several teams have indicated that these
possibilities exist. The number of 14 appointments thus is a minimum.
Details on the projects are given in Table B1.5.2.
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Table B1.5.2: The 12 projects in relation to tasks, issues and methods and teams involved directly (team
where researchers will spend time via appointments or secondments) or indirectly (foreseen visits and
collaborations)
ESR/ER
theory/exp
#
months
task
issues
method
P-1
ESR
theory
48
2,3
2
4
P-2
ESR
theory
60
2,3
2
5,6
P-3
ESR
theory
ESR
theory
ER
theory
ER
theory
ER
theory
ESR
experiment
ESR
experiment
36
2,3
1,3
5
36
2
2
4
24
2,3
2
5
24
2
3
4,5
24
3
3
6
36
1
1,2,3
1
36
2
2
2,3
ER
experiment
ER
experiment
ER
experiment
24
1,2
2,3
2,3
24
1,2
3
1,2,3
24
2
1,3
2,3
project
P-4
P-5
P-6
P-7
P-8
P-9
P-10
P-11
P-12
Page 11 of 44
teams
directly involved
6-Helsinki
9-Orsay
14-Cracow/Warsaw
5-Glasgow
8-Nicosia
11-Regensburg/
Heidelberg
3-Bochum
7-Liège
1-Amsterdam
10-Torino
3-Bochum
10-Pavia
12-Saclay
13-Valencia
8-Nicosia
11-Regensburg
24-Glasgow
12-Saclay
1-Amsterdam
7-Liège
11-Regensburg
14-Warsaw
4-Frascati
9-Orsay
12-Saclay
2-Athens
9-Orsay
teams
indirectly
involved
1-Amsterdam
10-Torino
11-Heidelberg
3-Bochum
11-Regensburg
1-Amsterdam
3-Bochum
10-Pavia
5-Glasgow
4-Frascati
11-Regensburg
4-Frascati
1-Amsterdam
11-Regensburg
5-Glasgow
5-Glasgow
HAPNET
Milestones at midterm and end of network
We present milestones (M1-M7) for the first two years and end terms (E1-E10) for the last two years that will be
achieved through the various projects.
12 months
M1
Elucidate the nature of exotic states such as +(1540) given models and use this knowledge to improve
calculations of other properties. Part of these investigations on pentaquark states will be done directly
on the lattice.
M2
Revisit T-odd correlation functions with special attention to achieving a colour gauge invariant
formulation, outline the consequences for ongoing and future experimental measurements of azimuthal
asymmetries and for new single spin measurements that are needed for independent determinations of
chiral-odd/T-odd fragmentation functions.
M3
First conclusions (and their publication) on issues of hadron deformation based on the available
experimental/theoretical information.
24 months
M4
Explicit calculations of nonperturbative evolution of Generalized Parton Distributions.
M5
Successful completion of the CLAS/DVCS experiment at TJNAF.
M6
Conclusions on the nature of new states like Ds(2317), Ds(2457) and (2S).
M7
First results on reducing model dependence in extractions of GPD’s from measurements of deeply
virtual Compton scattering (DVCS), estimate of higher-twist corrections and NNLO effects.
M8
Improving bounds on the calculations of quark transverse polarization in lattice calculations.
M9
First results on transversity distributions as obtained from transverse spin asymmetries measured at
HERMES.
M10
Installation of recoil detector at HERMES.
M11
Completion of precision measurements of the neutron electric form factor at TJNAF
36 months
E1
Combined studies of single-spin asymmetries in deep inelastic lepton scattering, unpolarized and
double-spin asymmetries in the semi-inclusive production of baryons and mesons, and of observables in
proton-proton scattering and electron-positron annihilation.
E2
Clarification of the evolution equations of the transverse momentum dependent functions and their
factorisation properties.
E3
Conclude theoretical studies and refinements in modelling of chiral-odd fragmentation functions
relevant for measurements of the quark transverse spin distributions.
E4
Determination of the t-dependence of GPD’s using lattice calculations.
E5
Analysis of azimuthal hadron distributions produced both on longitudinally and transversely polarized
hydrogen and deuterium targets.
E6
Joint experimental and theoretical (lattice) analysis on nucleon deformation.
48 months
E7
Build the road map for an experimental determination of the total angular momentum carried by quarks
in the nucleon in which the model dependence is considerably reduced.
E8
Conceptual design for new detectors in view of the 12 GeV upgrade of the CEBAF accelerator at
TJNAF.
E9
Effects of transverse momenta in gluon distribution and fragmentation functions.
E10
Critical re-evaluation of the applicability of models, aimed at explaining (static) low-energy properties
to high-energy scattering processes.
E11
Obtaining consistency between the different measurements of transverse quark polarization.
E12
First results on exclusive reactions obtained with recoil detection at HERMES.
Page 12 of 44
HAPNET
B2
TRAINING AND/OR TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE ACTIVITIES
B2.1.
CONTENT AND QUALITY OF THE TRAINING AND TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE PROGRAMME
The training and transfer of knowledge objectives
In order to achieve the tasks outlined in B1.5, 12 projects have been defined that will be assigned to young
scientists. These are 8 ESR projects of 36 months each, and 6 ER projects of 24 months each. The duration of the
projects corresponds to typical duration of Ph.D. and post-doc appointments in the field. The actual number of
young researchers will likely be larger, because several teams have already indicated that they consider adding
some person-months via local graduate schools or their own research funds, e.g. in order to ensure that pre-docs
can finish a doctorate programme. The rationale of appointment of ESR’s or ER’s is determined by the local
infrastructure for training and research, the needs of knowledge transfer within the network as a whole as well as
the required expertise to perform the various projects. It has been discussed in detail in two meetings of the
scientists in charge of the teams.
Training Environment
Every partner of the network can provide sufficient resources and necessary infrastructure to meet objectives set
for training and transfer of knowledge for ESR’s and/or ER’s. In many cases this can be made available to the
network as a whole. The senior researchers involved in the teams of the network are listed in section B3.1.
Partner 1 (Amsterdam): The Amsterdam team can provide training and research expertise in both theoretical
and experimental particle physics and astrophysics. The appointed early-stage researcher will participate in the
Dutch Research Schools of Theoretical Physics (theory) and/or Subatomic Physics (experiment). These research
schools offer to students at the pre-doc level yearly a 2-week school in theoretical physics or in experimental
physics (yearly school together with some institutes in Belgium and Germany). The research school also
organizes topical lectures (including training of skills such as presenting proposals). At the individual training
level, all Ph.D. students are assigned an (external) tutor assuring independent monitoring of the progress. All
teaching for pre-docs is in English.
Partner 2 (Athens): The Institute of Accelerating Systems and Applications (IASA) and the University of
Athens groups provide training and expertise both in theoretical and in experimental nuclear and hadronic
physics through a well-structured graduate programme. Ph.D. students are assigned an advisor and a three
member departmental committee monitoring their progress. There are a number of occasional schools and
conferences; most prominent among them is the biannual (Santorini) conference on Electromagnetic Interactions
with Nucleons and Nuclei, where IASA is involved in the organisation.
Partner 3 (Bochum): The Bochum-Wuppertal team can offer a thorough education in theoretical nuclear and
particle physics for early-stage as well as experienced researchers. A well-organized programme of lectures (also
in English) for graduate students exists, where special lectures related to most of the physics issues of the
network take place on a regular basis. Young researchers can profit from the German graduate college 'physics
of elementary particles at accelerators and in the universe', which is run in collaboration with the university of
Dortmund. In this context many high-level seminars and topical meetings are organized.
Partner 4 (Frascati): The Frascati team has a long record of activities and training in the experimental study of
hadronic systems using electromagnetic probes available at the existing state-of-the art electron accelerator
facilities in Europe and USA. Frascati also hosts the yearly LNF-Spring School, which will play an important
role in the training programme of the whole network. Frascati is also the coordinator of the EURIDICE RTN.
Advanced lectures can also be taken at the nearby Rome University Tor Vergata.
Partner 5 (Glasgow): The Glasgow group has an excellent record of training at postgraduate and postdoctoral
level. There are more than 20 graduate students and more than 10 postdoctoral researchers in the hadron physics
group. Ph.D. students receive an extensive set of lectures on nuclear and particle physics within Glasgow's
graduate school and there is at the individual level a mentoring system. Schools for pre-docs are organized, in
the past BUSSTEPP (British Universities Summer School on Theoretical Elementary Particle Physics) and in
2004 SUSSP (Scottish Universities Summer School on Physics), this time with specialization in Hadron Physics.
It hosts the national e-science center and in this context, training courses in aspects of Computational Physics,
high performance computing and GRID methods are provided. The University of Glasgow Staff Development
Service run free courses on complementary skills such as ‘planning and managing a research project’,
‘presenting research results’, ‘writing up research’ and ‘marketing your job skills’.
Partner 6 (Helsinki): The Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) is a national physics research institute covering an
extensive range of subjects in theoretical physics and experimental particle physics. The divisions of High
Energy Physics and Theoretical Physics of the Department of Physical Sciences at the University of Helsinki
both have in-depth teaching and research programmes in subatomic physics, including a broad spectrum of
advanced graduate level courses in English. All graduate students participate in the activities of the national
Page 13 of 44
HAPNET
graduate school GRASPANP (www.phys.jyu.fi/opetus/tutkijakoulut/sisalto.html). Helsinki is part of the
EURIDICE RTN (www.lnf.infn.it/theory/rtn/) and a European Graduate School programme with the
Universities of Giessen, Copenhagen and Jyväskylä (pcweb.physik.uni-giessen.de/eurograd/ ).
Partner 7 (Liège): The Liege group provides training and research expertise in theoretical particle physics. The
Gent group can do the same in experimental particle physics and in data analysis. Every four months on average,
topical lectures will be organized for all the pre-docs and post-docs, presented by the seniors of the own group or
invited senior scientists of other teams. In the context of the network, the groups of Liege and Gent will stimulate
discussions between experimentalists and theorists. The University of Gent offers a degree "Doctoral Training in
Physics" in addition to the standard PhD programme, which is taken by most pre-docs. It involves courses, but
also giving presentations and attending international workshops.
Partner 8 (Nicosia): The Physics Department of the University of Cyprus provides training and expertise in
theoretical particle and nuclear physics through a well-structured graduate programme leading to a Master’s or a
Ph.D. degree. Exchange students can get assignments and exams in English and a thesis can be written in
English. The department also can invite short-term visitors to teach specialized graduate courses.
Partner 9 (Orsay): The 5 groups in this team (IPN Orsay, LAL Orsay, LPC Clermont-Ferrand, LPSC Grenoble
and Ecole Polytechnique) belong to universities where graduate level courses in theoretical and experimental
subatomic physics, as well as engineering, are given all along the academic year, which can be attended by earlystage researchers. In the groups and laboratories, which have many international collaborations and links, there
are also regularly specialized and topical courses. Early-stage researcher can also participate in international
graduate schools such as the Joliot-Curie School, the FANTOM school or the Ecole de Gif.
Partner 10 (Pavia): The Departments of Physics in the “Pavia” team have a long experience and a wellstructured programme for Ph.D. studies, based on a three-year curriculum. In the first year there are advanced
courses in theoretical and experimental nuclear and particle physics, in the second year seminars and topical
lectures by international experts. Each Ph.D. student is assigned a tutor. The IUSS – Istituto Universitario di
Studi Superiori – in Pavia and the ISASUT – International School of Advanced Studies of the University of
Torino – coordinate the teaching and research activities at the doctorate level, including delivering courses in
English. They also coordinate the international acknowledgement of degrees.
Partner 11 (Regensburg): The University of Regensburg has an extended pre-doc curriculum centered around
the two main research areas 'nanostructured materials' and 'QCD'. There exists a special Research Group on
lattice gauge theory of the German Science Foundation (DFG). Plans for an elite graduate student programme
together with the university of Erlangen have passed the first round of evaluation by the ministry of Bavaria
succesfully. The Bavarian Leibniz-Computer-Center (LRZ) in Munich provides an excellent computer
environment. This center will be upgraded to about 40 TFlop in 2005. A joined curriculum in 'Scientific
Computing' has been established in Regensburg together with the biology (bio-informatics), chemistry, and
mathematics department and the university computer center. Teaching for pre-docs is in English in case there is
a non-German-speaking participant. The University of Heidelberg has a graduate school on Particle Physics
Astrophysics and Cosmology (www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~wetteric/gradschool.html). The education of
young Ph.D. students includes a two-year curriculum with courses on Quantum Field Theory, the standard
model/general relativity and cosmology/Astroparticle Physics. The teaching is in English. At the beginning of
each semester there is one week of lectures on special topics by invited speakers (Heidelberger
Graduiertenkurse; http://pi1.physi.uni-heidelberg.de/physi/gradkurs/) All Ph.D. students have two tutors.
Partner 12 (Saclay): The Saclay team will provide training and research expertise in both theoretical and
experimental nuclear and hadronic physics. All groups in the team offer a close guidance and training to their
Ph.D. students and post-docs and Saclay organizes yearly topical courses, while advanced lectures can be
attended at the universities in the larger Paris area. Another aspect of training is teaching laboratory courses for
undergraduate students and the communication with a public of non-specialists: all researchers, also post-docs,
are involved in open visits to the public with special emphasis on demonstrations and conferences.
Partner 13 (Valencia): The Valencia team can provide training and research expertise in both theoretical and
experimental particle, nuclear physics and astrophysics. The departments of the University of Valencia and the
IFIC has a large staff involved in education and research. The number of post-docs in all groups total more than
20. The various groups have many visitors from other institutions. The graduate programme, which is shared by
the Departments of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, has acquired the Status
of Excellence by the Spanish Ministry of Education.
Partner 14 (Warsaw): Physicists of the Warsaw team are involved in a number of renowned annual schools and
conferences held in Poland, such as the Cracow School of Theoretical Physics, organized uninteruptedly since
1961, Masurian Summer School in Nuclear Physics etc., of which the programmes fit very well into the training
of young scientists in the topics of the network.
Page 14 of 44
HAPNET
The training and transfer of knowledge programmes of network researchers
In order to provide structure to the training at the network level, a small network task force led by Constantia
Alexandrou (partner 8) and Wolf-Dieter Nowak (partner 11) will be set up which has the responsibility to
organize the training activities including quality control. In this way we can guarantee highest training standards
throughout the network. This includes coordination of
 The Personal Career Development Plan. The employed young researchers will join strong research groups
and on-going projects, which are at the forefront of physics in a given area. In all cases, these projects have
support from the institution and/or national funding bodies, and in some cases other EU support. For early
stage researchers, training in fundamental aspects of the subject area will be provided, thereby attaining not
only subject specific knowledge, but also knowledge on important aspects of various research methods. By
the interaction between groups with different expertise in different countries, an understanding of the
different scientific methods and cultures will be accomplished, putting into the right perspective the scale
and level of international collaboration needed for scientific merit. Experienced researchers will be given the
freedom to further develop their scientific independence, and to collaborate with other international experts.
Visits and secondments to partner laboratories will be strongly encouraged. For all researchers the training
in the network will be considered in the context of future career development via a Personal Career
Development Plan made up together with the supervisor and another scientist assigned from within the
network.
 Individual training. Each group has established procedures for the supervision of ESR’s and/or ER’s, and
experience will be shared across the network. For the early-stage researchers, there are within the team
specific training programmes that will be used. In addition to specialized theoretical or experimental training
in methods associated with the research project, the programmes provide generic and transferable skills in
short courses, integrated with the research project. In addition, there are courses in information technology,
management and where necessary specific language courses. Supervision will involve procedures for training
and assessment: initial planning of research project and objectives, desired training outcomes, regular
progress meetings and review, assignment of an expert researcher to aid in supervision, participation in
institutional laboratory meetings. For experienced researchers, supervision will allow for more responsibility
and development as an independent scientist.
 Specific ESR Training Schools. Every year two graduate schools will be selected or set up to which all
employed ESR’s attend. This will ensure training, enhance collaboration, lead to exchange of procedures
between participating teams and also to an exchange of lecturers (senior researchers and ER’s).
 Network training, conferences and workshops. There will be annual network meetings, attended by all
teams, in which ESR’s and ER’s will be required to present the results of their work. In many cases, these
meetings will coincide with a regular international conference or workshop. In those cases the network
meeting may also take the form of a pre-workshops in which ESR’s follow lectures on the main topics
discussed at the conference. We plan to combine the initial network meeting with an international summer
school in the field of hadron physics, while the final network meeting to be held near the end of the project
will be in the form of an international workshop or symposium to which also external experts will be
invited. Specific conferences to be mentioned are the yearly LNF Spring school in Frascati (partner 4), the
bi-annual (expected 2005 and 2007) Santorini conference (involvement of Athens, partner 2), the SUSSPschool in 2004 (partner 5), the successor of the Nijmegen03 school expected to be held in 2006 (partner 1)
or the yearly Cracow schools on theoretical physics (partner 14). It is worth noting that the program
committee of the Santorini conference in its majority consists of scientists participating in the network, the
chairman of the 2005 and 2007 editions being Paul Hoyer (partner 6) and Dirk Ryckbosch (partner 7)
respectively.
 Transfer of knowledge. Knowledge transfer will be enhanced by the integrated nature of the research
programme of the network. There is extensive collaboration between partners and this will be continued and
enhanced during the network activities. Secondments and short visits of researchers to other laboratories in
the network will mean that the employed researchers will become the key persons for the exchange of
knowledge between teams. Also, the participating groups frequently host scientists from all over the world,
giving further opportunities for the young researchers to interact with expert scientists.
 Gender issues. The network will encourage talented women students to continue for Ph. D. degrees. The
involvement of senior women researchers in the network provides role models for women pre-docs/postdocs and helps them realize their potential for a successful scientific career. The network will take measures
to promote the involvement of women researchers in scientific networks meetings, workshops and
conferences.
Page 15 of 44
HAPNET
B2.2.
IMPACT OF THE TRAINING AND/OR TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE PROGRAMME
Training needs at the European Community level
There are several reasons why Europe as a whole will benefit from the training delivered within this project:
European research is at the forefront in hadron physics. This field is at the cutting edge of research in the border
area between nuclear and particle physics. The scientific challenges in hadron physics as put forward in this
project have the potential of attracting young talented students to engage in the scientific endeavor thereby
producing a new generation of scientists of international caliber. The rigorous training involved in subatomic
physics combined with the broad spectrum of skills provided by the experimental, analytical and computational
methods employed, produces versatile scientists who sooner or later will produce innovative ideas leading to
many important applications in our society, as proven by the many examples in the past.
The training of the young scientists in the techniques of experimental and theoretical hadron physics provides
them with skills that are widely recognized as particularly valuable in the most valued sectors of knowledge
economies. The thorough knowledge they acquire as they work with the newest technologies in the experimental
arrangements at multi-million (often multi-billion) European facilities is invaluable and is a most important
component of the training aspect. It is exactly for this same reason that most of the students and postdoctoral
researchers that get trained in the programmes of hadronic physics end up in the high technology sector of the
EU or the US (e.g. computer and telecom industry, medical imaging and instrumentation, aerospace etc.)
Due to its cross-disciplinary nature, hadron physics faces some organisational challenges, which differ from
established fields like nuclear physics or elementary particle physics. The EU networks HAPHEEP in the FP4
programme and ESOP in the FP5 programme helped to bring experimental and theoretical physicists into contact
with each other and they trained a considerable number of young physicists. In FP6 the coordination of the
scientific activities will be broadened through the Integrated Infrastructure Initiative ‘Hadronic Physics’ (I3HP).
This initiative will strengthen the scientific and technical expertise in Europe to optimally utilize existing and
planned accelerator facilities. Complementary to this initiative, there are excellent opportunities for a
coordinated training of Ph.D. students and post-docs building on the established contacts in earlier networks,
involving a number of physicists who themselves participated as young scientists in earlier networks, and
concentrating on the challenging physics issues in B1.2 as focus points.
Coordinated training of Ph.D. students and post-docs is an essential concern for such a cross-disciplinary field.
The students should be offered up-to-date lectures by leading researchers. In a cross-disciplinary field as hadron
physics many institutions offer first class training opportunities, but they are often specialized and aimed at one
discipline, or aimed at either experimentalists or theorists. In the network we want to cross the borders of the
disciplines involved and bring together theorists and experimentalists. For this purpose, we will emphasize a
range of topics in hadron physics via organisation of meetings. We will build on and extend existing meetings
(schools, workshops and conferences) in which the senior scientists of the network are already involved.
Furthermore, we plan to broaden existing topical lecture series in which the various teams are involved through
the exchange of lecturers, among them the ER’s employed by the network. Finally, for the young scientists
involved, in particularly for the ESR’s, the training will be carefully monitored to ensure the transfer of a wellbalanced (theoretical-experimental, nuclear-particle) knowledge base.
Page 16 of 44
HAPNET
B2.3.
PLANNED RECRUITMENT OF EARLY-STAGE AND EXPERIENCED RESEARCHERS
The targeted overall total of early-stage and experienced researchers and duration of appointments
It is the aim of the network to appoint at least 8 early-stage researchers and 6 experienced researchers. In the setup with 12 projects (see B1.5) and the corresponding recruitment per team (given in Table B2.3 below) this aim
is realized. The appointments will in general be 36 months for pre-docs and 24 months for post-docs. The
numbers foreseen for the teams are in general different from these numbers because in some cases local funds
will be added to extend an appointment or because joint appointments are foreseen, reflecting collaborations on
the various projects involving several teams (see Table B1.5.2). The host institutes will take all necessary
measures for ESR’s to prepare and defend a high-quality Ph.D. thesis or carry out world-class research.
During their employment, the ESR’s and ER’s will visit all network meetings and relevant training
courses, and they will normally also spend time in other teams or at experimental facilities such as DESY,
CERN, Mainz and TJNAF. The frequency and length of visits to other teams, the duration of the stay at
experimental facilities and the possibility of preparing a Ph.D. thesis will be included in the Personal Career
Development Plans.
Recruitment of early-stage and experienced researchers
We proceed along several ways to recruit high-quality early-stage and experienced researchers, such as
 Advertisement via the major experimental research centres, if appropriate including relevant periodicals
such as the CERN Courier and Nuclear Physics News.
 Advertisements in electronic media, such as the EU website and the websites of the network and of the
participating group, research institutes and/or graduate schools.
 An announcement at various summer schools.
 Personal international contacts of the senior scientists in the network.
With the above-mentioned measures and having some experience from networking in previous programmes, we
anticipate no difficulties in attracting high-quality early-stage and experienced researchers for our network. Predoc positions will be filled preferably not later than one year after the start of the network, while post-docs will
also be appointed in later years. Recruitment of new researchers will comply with standard institutional rules that
incorporate equal opportunities procedures. Advice will be sought from corresponding personnel departments
who can provide specialist advice in this area, so as to maximize the opportunities for female appointments.
Table B2.3. Professional research effort of the HAPNET project
Network Team
1. Amsterdam
2. Athens
3. Bochum
4. Frascati
5. Glasgow
6. Helsinki
7. Liège
8. Nicosia
8. Orsay
9. Pavia
10. Regensburg
11. Saclay
12. Valencia
14. Warsaw
TOTAL
Early-stage and experienced researchers to be
financed by the contract
Other professional research
effort on the network
project
Early-stage
researchers to be
financed by the
contract
(person-months)
Researchers
likely to
contribute
(number of
individuals)
(a)
48
0
18
0
48
24
30
12
12
24
36
12
0
24
288
Experienced
researchers to be
financed by the
contract
(person-months)
(b)
0
18
12
24
0
0
0
12
18
12
12
18
18
0
144
Page 17 of 44
Total
(a+b)
(c)
48
18
30
24
48
24
30
24
30
36
48
30
18
24
432
(d)
10
6
8
10
20
5
10
4
15
15
10
10
10
10
143
Researchers
likely to
contribute
(personmonths)
(e)
100
90
100
150
300
50
100
60
150
200
100
150
150
100
1800
HAPNET
B3
QUALITY/CAPACITY OF THE NETWORK PARTNERSHIP
B3.1.
COLLECTIVE EXPERTISE OF THE NETWORK TEAMS
The importance of the collective expertise of the network teams is demonstrated in several ways. They work
together on specific experiments in one or more larger collaborations, e.g. transversity measurements by
HERMES at DESY (Amsterdam, Frascati, Liège, Orsay, Regensburg, Warsaw) or by COMPASS at CERN
(Saclay), single spin asymmetries by HERMES or at TJNAF (Athens, Frascati, Glasgow, Orsay, Saclay), or
measurements of generalized parton distributions in deeply virtual Compton scattering by HERMES at DESY or
at TJNAF.
The above topics focus on measurements of observables that are important in our understanding of the quark and
gluon structure of hadrons. The analysis and interpretation of data must be done by combined efforts of theorists
and experimentalist. In this way questions on ‘the transverse polarization of quarks’, ‘generalized parton
distributions and orbital angular momentum’ and ‘single spin asymmetries and intrinsic transverse momenta’ can
be clarified.
Development of models involves discussions between theoretical groups using the newest available data or new
concepts or techniques. This leads to ‘improvements in modelling of QCD’, ‘new techniques to improve lattice
gauge calculations’ and ‘implementation of new insights in nonperturbative or perturbative approaches in
quantum field’.
Page 18 of 44
HAPNET
B3.1.1. Partner #1 Amsterdam
(a) VU:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam.
Internet: http://www.nat.vu.nl
(b) NIKHEF:
National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, Amsterdam
Internet: http://www.nikhef.nl
Infrastructure, expertise and competence
Physicists in the Amsterdam team belong to the Section Theoretical Physics of the Department of
Physics and Astronomy of the Vrije Universiteit (VU) or the HERMES group at the National Institute for
Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics (NIKHEF). Together they provide an excellent infrastructure for predocs and post-docs, both scientifically (offices, computing facilities) as well as otherwise (assistance in finding
housing, language and research management courses). Besides groups in (theoretical and experimental)
subatomic physics, the department at the VU has strong groups working on condensed matter physics, atomic
and laser physics, biophysics and physics of complex systems.
NIKHEF coordinates the Dutch participation in international experimental activities in particle physics,
such as those at CERN. The main programmes in which physicists participate are HERMES and ZEUS at
DESY, ATLAS, LHC-B and ALICE at CERN and the neutrino experiment ANTARES.
Within the network, the Amsterdam team there is strong expertise in inclusive and semi-inclusive
leptoproduction, both on the theoretical and experimental level. There is expertise with most of the theoretical
and experimental methods that are employed by the network to achieve its goals. Examples are the formalism of
high-energy scattering processes, modelling within QCD, data analysis and vertex detector development.
Key scientific staff involved in the research
Piet Mulders(a), Professor in Theoretical Physics (Subatomic Physics), 30%
Daniël Boer(a), Assistant Professor, 20%
Ben Bakker(a), Associate Professor, 10%
Gerard van der Steenhoven(b), Professor in Experimental Physics (Subatomic Physics), 20%
Jos Steijger(b), senior research staff member, 20%
Louk Lapikas(b), senior reseach staff member, 20%
Post-docs: Philipp Haegler(a) (2003-2005), Riccardo Fabbri(b), post-doc (2003-2005)
Ph.D. students: Fetze Pijlman(a), Cedran Bomhof(a), Harmen Warringa(a), Paul van der Nat(b), Michiel Demey(b),
Jeroen Drechsler(b)
Two recent significant publications
 D. Boer, P.J. Mulders and F. Pijlman, Universality of T-odd effects in single spin and azimuthal
asymmetries, Nucl. Phys. B 667 (2003) 201-241 [hep-ph/0303034]
 G. van der Steenhoven, Concluding remarks on the QCD-N'02 Workshop, Nucl. Phys. A 711 (2002) 363
[hep-ex/0206071]
Page 19 of 44
HAPNET
B3.1.2. Partner # 2 Athens
(a)
(UoA) University of Athens: Department of Physics, Panepistimiou 30, Athens, 10679 Greece.
Internet: www.phys.uoa.gr
(b)
(IASA) Institute for Accelerating Systems and Applications, P.O. Box 17214, Athens,10024 Greece.
Internet: www.iasa.gr
Infrastructure, expertise and competence
The Athens team includes theoretical and experimental physicists from the University of Athens (UoA)
and the hadronic experimental group from the Institute of Accelerating Systems and Applications (IASA).
Together they provide an excellent infrastructure for pre-docs and post-docs, both scientifically (offices,
substantial laboratory infrastructure, computing facilities) as otherwise (assistance in finding housing and
language courses). The departments at the UoA has strong groups working on practically every field of physics.
The theoretical and experimental groups at IASA and UoA have strong collaboration with CERN, DESY,
Saclay, Bates-MIT, Mainz, ITEP and Jefferson lab and coordinate the Greek participation in international
experimental activities in particle and nuclear physics. The main experimental programmes in which Athens
participates are CMS and Atlas at CERN, CDF at Fermi Lab., polarizabitly (VCS) and form factor measurements
at Bates, Mainz and Jlab.
The IASA/Athens group has, for many years, being playing a leading role in the investigation of
transition from factor and their interpretation. Pioneering new techniques and methods primarily in experiment
but also in theoretical approaches have been introduced and developed. It has particularly focused on the issue of
nucleon shape and transition form factors. The Athens theory group has worked on many aspects of QCD
including chiral perturbation and lattice gauge calculations. It is pursuing analytical considerations in QCD both
perturbative and non perturbative; current focus is directed towards soft effects in QCD process (such as
Sudakov form factors and Regge behavior ).
Key scientific staff involved in the research
Stathis Stiliaris(a,b), Assist. Professor in Experimental Physics (Nuclear & Hadron Physics ) 35%
Costas Papanicolas (a,b), Professor in Experimental Physics (Nuclear & Hadron Physics) 30%
Andreas Karabarbounis(a,b), Assist. Professor in Experimental Physics (Nuclear & Hadron Physics) 20%
Christos Ktorides(a), Professor in Theoretical Physics (Strong Interaction Physics) 20%
Alexandros Karanikas(a), Assist. Professor in Theoretical Physics (Strong Interaction Physics) 20%
Nikos Sparveris(b), IASA Reseacher (2003-2005) , 75%
Two recent significant publications
 N. F. Spaveris et al. (OOPS collaboration), Measurement of the R(LT) response function for 0
electroproduction at Q2=0.070 (GeV/c)2 in the N  Δ transition, Phys. Rev. C67 (2003) 058201.
 A.I. Karanikas, C.N. Ktorides, Polyakov’s spin factor and new algorithms for efficient perturbative
computations in QCD, Phys.Lett.B500 (2001) 75-86.
Page 20 of 44
HAPNET
B3.1.3 Partner # 3 Bochum
(a) Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Internet: http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de
(b) Bergische Universitaet Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
Internet: http://www.uni-wuppertal.de
Infrastructure, expertise and competence:
People in the Bochum-Wuppertal team are member of the Institute for Theoretical Physics (section of
Theoretical nuclear and Particle Physics) of the Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum or the Bergische Universitaet
Wuppertal. Both universities have also very active groups in experimental particle physics being involved, e.g.,
in experiments at CERN or SLAC.
Interdisciplinary collaborations between our team and other sections of the Theoretical Physics institutes of
both universities are possible (and actually have been done in the past). More precisely, good contacts exist to
the group of Statistical Physics in the case of Bochum and the group of Computational Physics in Wuppertal.
Both groups belong worldwide to the leading teams in their research fields.
The Bochum-Wuppertal team has a lot of experience in the theory of hard scattering processes, ranging from
inclusive deep inelastic scattering to exclusive particle production. In particular, this includes experience in the
fields of the transversity distribution, single-spin asymmetries and also generalized parton distributions, which
play a central role in the network. Moreover, the team is very active in the field of baryon spectroscopy and
exoctic hadrons. Not only early-stage researchers can obtain an excellent education in each of these research
topics, but also an experienced network post-doc will benefit considerably from the competence of the team
members and the many visitors from all over the world that provide a very stimulating environment.
Scientific staff involved in the research
Klaus Goeke(a), professor in theoretical physics, 20%
Vadim Guzey(a), post-doc, 30%
Nikolai Kivel(a), post-doc, 30%
Alexander Manashov(a), post-doc, 20%
Andreas Metz(a), post-doc (coordinator), 50%
Jens Ossmann(a), PhD student, 40%
Pavel Pobylitsa(a), post-doc, 40%
Marc Schlegel(a), PhD student, 40%
Peter Schweitzer(a), post-doc, 40%
Peter Kroll(b) , professor of theoretical physics, 20%
Rainer Jakob(b) , post-doc, 30%
Two recent significant publications
 A. Metz, Gluon-Exchange in spin-dependent fragmentation, Phys. Lett. B549 (2002) 139-145 [hepph/0209054]
 A.V. Efremov, K. Goeke and P. Schweitzer, Sivers vs. Collins effect in azimuthal single spin asymmetries in
pion production in SIDIS, Phys. Lett. B568 (2003) 63-72 [hep-ph/0303062]
Page 21 of 44
HAPNET
B3.1.4 Partner # 4 Frascati (LNF)
(a) INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati
Internet: http://www.lnf.infn.it
(b) INFN-Ferrara
Internet: http://www.fe.infn.it
Expertise and competence
Physicists of the Frascati team belong to the HERMES and AIACE groups of the Frascati National
Laboratory and the HERMES group of the Sezione INFN and the University of Ferrara. Together they provide
an excellent infrastructure for pre-docs and post-docs, both scientifically as otherwise. The Frascati National
Laboratories is the largest laboratory of the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN). It is a major
focal point for both fundamental and applied particle and nuclear physics in Italy. The research activities are
carried out at the local DA NE e+e collider and the ultracryogenic antenna NAUTILUS, and in a variety of
experiments at several other important laboratories all over the world (CERN, DESY, FNAL, SLAC, TJNAF,
Gran Sasso).
Within the network, the major research themes of the team are the accurate determination of the transverse
spin structure of the nucleon via semi-inclusive and exclusive deep inelastic scattering processes, the study of the
hadronization processes in the nuclei, the search for evidences of non-nucleonic degrees of freedom in nuclei,
the study of the quark structure of baryons and mesons. Examples of processes under investigation are the
electroproduction of scalar mesons, the single-spin (beam and target) azimuthal asymmetry in semi-inclusive and
exclusive electroproduction of hadrons, the nucleon resonance electroproduction, and the photoproduction of
vector mesons. From the technical point of view, the team is involved in the construction of the recoil detector
for the HERMES experiment and the improvement of the CLAS detection capabilities for the Jlab upgrade to 12
GeV.
Key scientific staff involved in the research
N. Bianchi(a), Senior Research staff member, (40 %)
G.P. Capitani(a), Director of Research staff member, (20 %)
M. Contalbrigo(b), Research staff member, (40 %)
E. De Sanctis(a), Director of Research staff member, (30 %)
P. Di Nezza(a), Researcher Associate, (40 %)
D. Hasch(a), Researcher Associate, (30 %)
P. Lenisa(b), Associate Professor, (40%)
M. Mirazita(a), Researcher Associate, (40 %)
V. Muccifora(a), Senior Research staff member, (40 %)
K. Oganeyssian(a), Researcher Associate, (40 %)
P. Rossi(a), Research staff member, (40 %)
Post-docs: E. Avetisyan(a), A. Borysenko(a), I. Gyurjyan(a), C. Hadjidakis(a), L. Hovhannisyan(a), F. Ronchetti(a)
Ph-D Students , M. Cantaluppi(b), A. Funel(a), M. Statera(b)
Students: F. Giordano(b)
Two recent significant publications
 A.Airapetian et al, Measurement of Single-spin Azimuthal Asymmetries in Semi-inclusive Electroproduction
of Pions and Kaons on a Longitudinally Polarized Deuterium Target, Phys. Lett. B562 (2003) 182 [hepex/0212039]
 A. Airapetian et al, Evidence for Quark-Hadron Duality in the Proton Spin asymmetry A 1, Phys. Rev. Lett.
90:092002,2003, [hep-ex/0209018]
Page 22 of 44
HAPNET
B3.1.5 Partner # 5 Glasgow
(a) Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
Internet: www.physics.gla.ac.uk
(b) Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield
Road Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK. Internet: www.ph.ed.ac.uk
(c) Physics Department, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
Internet: www.imperial.ac.uk/physics
Infrastructure, expertise and competence:
The Department of Physics and Astronomy in Glasgow is one of the largest physics departments in the UK with
some 38 academic staff and 430 full-time equivalent undergraduates with an excellent, internationally
recognized training tradition. The theoretical particle physics group has a well-established international profile in
Lattice QCD. The nuclear physics group is the largest research group in the UK performing experiments in
hadron physics. The theoretical and experimental groups are in close contact through their shared research
interests and seminars.
The group (theory and experiment) participates in numerous national and international collaborations
(HERMES at DESY, MAMI at the Univ. of Mainz, Hall A, CLAS and GlueX at the Jefferson Lab., PANDA at
GSI, UKQCD and others). UKQCD won funding for a 5 Tflops QCDOC computer to be installed in Edinburgh
at the beginning of 2004. The computer will be the fastest available in Europe for Lattice QCD calculations.
There will be a number of training opportunities associated with the machine, and organized by UKQCD,
including workshops on writing high performance code and using GRID tools. In addition, the experimental
group will provide training in software development, analysis techniques, hardware development and in GRID
computing.
Scientific staff involved in the research
John Annand(a), Senior Research Fellow, Experimental Nuclear Physics, 20%
Gunnar Bali(a), Lecturer in Theoretical Particle Physics (coordinator), 40%
Derek Branford(b), Professor in Photonuclear Physics, 20%
Christine Davies(a), Professor, Group Leader Particle Physics Theory, 20%
Klaus Foehl(b), Research Fellow, Experimental Nuclear Physics, 40%
Alistair Hart(b), Royal Society Research Fellow, Theoretical Particle Physics, 20%
Roger Horsley(b), Lecturer in Theoretical Particle Physics, 20%
David Ireland(a), Lecturer in Experimental Nuclear Physics, 30%
Ralf Kaiser(a), Lecturer in Experimental Nuclear Physics, 30%
James Kellie(a), Reader in Experimental Nuclear Physics, 40%
Elliot Leader(c), Professor in Theoretical Particle Physics, 30%
Ken Livingston(a), Research Fellow, Experimental Nuclear Physics, 40%
Cameron McGeorge(a), Senior Research Fellow, Experimental Nuclear Physics, 20%
Douglas MacGregor(a), Reader in Experimental Nuclear Physics, 20%
Guenther Rosner(a), Cargill Professor of Natural Philosophy, Group Leader Nuclear Physics, 25%
Dan Watts(b), Advanced EPSRC Research Fellow, Experimental Nuclear Physics, 40%
Post-docs: Alexander Borissov(a), Alexandra Dougall(a), Eduardo Follana(a), Elvira Gamiz(a), Derek Glazier(a),
Dan Protopopescu(a), Azusa Yamaguchi(a), Guangliang Yang(a)
PhD. Students: I. Allison, R. Codling, J. Donnelly, E. Downey, C. Gordon, D. Hamilton, K. Kelley, B.
McKinnon, J. Melone, D. Middleton, K. Monstad, M. Murray, A. Osborne, E. Roche, C. Shearer, C. Tarbert, D.
Thompson, N. Thompson, S. Waddell
Two recent significant publications
 G. Bali, The D+SJ(2317): What can the lattice say?, Phys.Rev.D68:071501,2003
 CLAS Collaboration: S. Stepanyan et al., Observation of an exotic S=+1 baryon in exclusive
photoproduction from the deuteron, hep-ex/0307018, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.
Page 23 of 44
HAPNET
B3.1.6 Partner # 6 Helsinki
Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
Internet: http://www.hip.fi
Infrastructure, expertise and Competence:
Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) acts as coordinating laboratory for this application. HIP is a physics research
institute that is operated jointly by the University of Helsinki, the Helsinki University of Technology and the
University of Jyväskylä. The research activity at the institute covers an extensive range of subjects in theoretical
physics and experimental particle physics. The mandate of the institute is to carry out and facilitate research in
basic and applied physics as well as in physics research and technology development at international accelerator
laboratories. The institute is responsible for the Finnish research collaboration with CERN.
The research team is located in a new building with excellentfacilities, including computing and
networking. The immediate environment includes groups working on other fields of physics (space physics,
condensed matter and applied physics, geophysics and atmospheric sciences) as well as the chemistry,
mathematics and computer science departments. The physicists in the Helsinki team work on theoretical aspects
of QCD and hadron phenomenology. Their areas of expertise include the QCD dynamics of inclusive and
exclusive processes, charge symmetry and nuclear dynamics, hadron and quark dynamics, chiral symmetry and
hadron spectroscopy including exotic states. This broad range of research topics is made possible by close
collaboration with colleagues in Europe and the US. There is an informal weekly phenomenology seminar which
ensures regular contacts between team members.
Scientific staff involved in the research
Paul Hoyer, Professor of Theoretical Physics (Subatomic Physics), 20%
Jouni Niskanen, University lecturer, 20%
Dan-Olof Riska, Professor of physics and Director of HIP, 15%
Mikko Sainio, Docent and Head of Administration at HIP, 15%
Nils Tornqvist, Docent and tenured researcher, 20 %
Two recent significant publications
 Stanley J. Brodsky, Paul Hoyer, Nils Marchal, Stephane Peigne and Francesco Sannino, Structure functions
are not parton probabilities, Phys. Rev. D65 (2002) 114025 [hep-ph/0104291]
 U. van Kolck, J. A. Niskanen and G. A. Miller, Charge symmetry violation in pn   0 as a test of chiral
effective field theory, Phys. Lett. B493 (2000) 65 [nucl-th/0006042]
Page 24 of 44
HAPNET
B3.1.7 Partner # 7 Liège
(a) Département de Physique, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman Bât B5a, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
Internet: qcd.theo.phys.ulg.ac.be
(b) Universiteit Gent, Vakgroep Subatomaire en Stralingsfysica, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
Internet: ssf.ugent.be
Infrastructure, expertise and competence:
The node expertise is both theoretical (Liège) and experimental (Gent).
The ULg group has expertise on many topics of interest to this network. In the start-up phase is the
group around M. Polyakov working on GPD’s and models of hadrons. In that respect also baryon spectroscopy is
important, especially in view of the successful prediction of the pentaquark state. Other expertise in the group
involves hadron spectroscopy in the context of potential models, group theory, diffractive vector meson
production.
The Gent group is involved in the design of a recoil detector for the HERMES experiment, the analysis
of single-spin asymmetries on a transversely polarized target and diffractive vector meson production in
HERMES. The group is also involved in experiments at Mainz. Ph.D. students in general will spent part of their
time at experimental facilities.
Scientific staff involved in the research
M. Polyakov(a), 50%, Sofja Kovalevskaja award winner of German Federal Ministry for Education and Research
J. Cugnon(a), 20%, head of the IISN group
P. Stassart(a), 40%
J.R. Cudell(a), 30%, head of the COMPETE collaboration
F. Stancu(a), 20%
D. Ryckbosch(b), 20%, head of HERMES group in Gent
M. Tytgat(b), 20%
Y. Van Haarlem(b), 30%
A.Vandenbroucke(b), 30%
U. Elschenbroich(b), 30%
Two recent significant publications
 K. Goeke, M.V. Polyakov and M. Vanderhaeghen, Hard exclusive reactions and the structure of hadrons,
Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 47 (2001) 401 [arXiv:hep-ph/0106012].
 Airapetian et al, Quark Fragmentation to +/-, 0, K+/-, p and pbar in the Nuclear Environment, Phys. Lett.
B (in press) [hep-ex/0307023], preprint DESY-03-088.
Page 25 of 44
HAPNET
B3.1.8 Partner # 8 Nicosia
(UCY) University of Cyprus: Department of Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of
Cyprus, P.O. Box 20357, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
Internet: www.ucy.ac.cy
Infrastructure, expertise and competence
The Nicosia team includes theoretical physicists from the Department of Physics of the Cyprus
University (UCY). The department provides an excellent infrastructure for pre-docs and post-docs, both
scientifically (offices, substantial laboratory infrastructure, computing facilities) as otherwise (assistance in
finding housing and language courses). Theoretical physicists at UCY have longstanding collaboration with
CERN, Wuppertal and Pisa Universities and MIT.
Within the network, the Nicosia group has strong expertise in lattice gauge theories including
calculations of hadronic matrix elements, (transition) form factors, state-of-the-art methods for static potentials,
renormalization of currents including chiral fermions and modelling of the QCD vacuum. There is expertise in
several of theoretical methods that are used to achieve the tasks of the network, such as algorithms and optimized
solvers for fermion propagators, Mathematica packages for perturbative lattice calculations within QCD with
chiral fermions and a variety of algorithms employed in studies of the QCD vacuum and static potentials.
Key scientific staff involved in the research
Constantia Alexandrou, Assoc. Professor in Theoretical Physics (Strong Interaction Physics), 40%
Haralambos Panagopoulos, Professor in Theoretical Physics (Particle Physics), 20%
Antonios Tsapalis, Research scientist (Strong Interaction Physics), 50%
Ph.D. students: G. Koutsou (starting 2004)
Two recent significant publications
 C. Alexandrou, Ph. de Forcrand and A. Tsapalis, Probing hadron wave functions in lattice QCD, Phys. Rev.
D 66 (2002) 094503[hep-lat/0206026].
 L. Del Debbio, H. Panagopoulos and E. Vicari, Confining strings in representations with common n-ality,
JHEP 0309:034 (2003) [hep-lat/0308012].
Page 26 of 44
HAPNET
B3.1.9 Partner # 9 Orsay
(a)
IPN (Institut de Physique Nucleaire) Orsay, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91406 Orsay, France
(b)
LPC (Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire) Clermont-Ferrand, Universite Blaise Pascal, 24 Avenue
des Landais, 63177 Aubiere, France
(c)
LPSC (Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie) Grenoble, 53 Avenue des Martyrs,
38026 Grenoble, France
(d)
CPhT (Centre de Physique Theorique) Polytechnique, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
(e)
LAL (Laboratoire de l'Accelerateur Lineaire) Orsay, Universite Paris-Sud, Bat. 200, 91898 Orsay,
France
Infrastructure, expertise and Competence:
The 5 Orsay/IN2P3 groups have both theoretical and experimental activities within international collaborations
in the field exclusive processes in hadronic physics. The experimental groups are involved in experiments at the
Jefferson (USA) and DESY (Germany) laboratories, focusing in particular on the exclusive electroproduction of
photons and mesons on the nucleon, in order to investigate the internal structure of the nucleon (generalized
parton distributions, quarks and gluons momentum and spin distributions, etc...). The node has also a strong
theoretical activity in this domain which allows, in close collaboration with the experimental groups, to guide
data analysis and theoretical interpretations and leads to innovative projects.
The network will allow to share, in a reciprocal way, these expertises with the other nodes and will form a fertile
ground for new collaborations and projects. In particular, strong cooperation with teams 3, 7, 10 (theory), 7 and
11 (experiments) are expected.
Scientific staff involved in the research
Michel Guidal(a), 30%
(coordinator)
Jean-Pierre Didelez(a), 10%
Eid Hourany(a), 10%
Dominique Marchand(a), 10%
Pierre Bertin(b), 30%
Alexandre Camson, 30%
Hélène Fonvielle(b), 10%
Catherine Ferdi(b), 30%
Bernard Pire(c), 30%
Stéphane Munier(c), 20%
Samuel Wallon(c), 30%
Eric Voutier(d), 30%
Gilles Quemener(d), 10%
Christian Pascaud(e), 10%
Fabian Zomer (e), 30%
Sylvestre Baudrand(e) 30%
Two recent significant publications
 CLAS Collaboration (... M. Guidal...), Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering in Polarized Electron beam
asymmetry measurements, Phys.Rev.Lett. 87 (2001) 182002.
 J.P. Ralston and B. Pire, Femtophotography of protons to nuclei with deeply virtual Compton Scattering,
Phys. Rev. D66 (2002) 111501.
Page 27 of 44
HAPNET
B3.1.10. Partner #10 Pavia
(a) INFN – Pavia:
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia (www.pv.infn.it/)
(b) University di Pavia: Dipartimento di Fisica Nucleare e Teorica, Università di Pavia, Pavia
(c) University of Brescia: Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica per i Materiali e l’Ingegneria,
Università di Brescia, Brescia (webserver.ing.unibs.it/cfweb/)
(d) University of Torino: Dipartimento di Fisica Teorica, Università di Torino, Torino, ( www.ph.unito.it/dft)
(e) University of Cagliari: Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, and INFN – Sezione di Cagliari
(www.ca.infn.it)
(f) University of Alessandria: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate, Università del Piemonte
Orientale, Alessandria (www.mfn.unipmn.it)
(g) University of Como: Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, Università dell’Insubria, Como
(h) University of Ferrara: Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara, and INFN – Sezione di Ferrara
(i) University of Trento: Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, and INFN – Sezione di Padova
(l) University of Perugia: Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, and INFN – Sezione di Perugia
Infrastructure, expertise and competence
The research activities will be carried on under the guidance of local research groups, that are all involved in
international collaborations and often take part in the research programmes of INFN – Istituto Nazionale di
Fisica Nucleare. The close collaboration between the Departments of Physics and INFN makes it possible to
have access to powerful and dependable computer facilities, both at the local site or distributed over the network.
In the Pavia team, physicists belong to the Departments of Theoretical Physics of several Universities
and/or to local units of INFN. These groups are embedded in a very active environment with many international
collaborations, both in theoretical and experimental activities. For example, at the Theory division of the
University of Pavia 18 staff members, 3 post-docs and 9 Ph.D. students work in the fields of quantum gravity,
particle physics, complex systems, econophysics, hadronic and nuclear physics. Similarly, at the Department of
Theoretical Physics of the University of Torino 30 staff members, 12 post-docs, and 15 Ph.D. students are
currently active. On a larger scale, all these theoretical groups interact with experimental colleagues, who are
involved in the currently most relevant collaborations, such as HERMES and ZEUS at DESY; ATLAS and CMS
(for LHC), COMPASS, and ATHENA at CERN; CDF at Fermilab; TJNAF; etc. Together with a large and
powerful set of computing facilities as well as with a rich selection of teaching courses, this provides an
excellent infrastructure for young pre-docs and experienced post-docs.
In this team several theoretical methods are addressed, that are used to achieve the tasks of the network,
such as phenomenology of single spin asymmetries in inclusive and semi-inclusive processes, properties and
models of T-odd distribution and fragmentation functions, as well as of GPD, perturbative QCD and
factorization, nuclear effects in QCD structure of hadrons.
Key scientific staff involved in the research
Marco Radici (a), Researcher, team coordinator, 40%
Sigfrido Boffi (b,a), Full Professor in Theoretical Physics, 30%
Barbara Pasquini (b), fellow, 50%
Andrea Bianconi (c,a), Associate Professor, 30%
Mauro Anselmino (d), Full Professor in Theoretical Physics, 20%
Aram Kotzinian (d), Visiting Scientist (2003-06), 30%
Francesco Murgia (e), Researcher, 50%
Umberto D’Alesio (e), Assistant Professor, 50%
Vincenzo Barone (f), Assistant Professor, 25%
Philip G. Ratcliffe (g), Associate Professor, 20%
Alessandro Drago (h), Assistant Professor, 30%
Marco Traini (i), Full Professor in Theoretical Physics, 25%
Claudio Ciofi degli Atti (l), Full Professor in Nuclear Physics, 30%
Sergio Scopetta (l), Assistant Professor, 30%
Post-docs: Mariaelena Boglione (d), 50% (2003-05) ; Alexei Prokudin (d), 50% (2003-05)
Two recent significant publications
 M. Anselmino, U. D’Alesio, and F. Murgia, Transverse single spin asymmetries in Drell-Yan processes,
Phys. Rev. D 67 (2003) 074010
 D. Boer, R. Jakob, and M. Radici, Interference fragmentation functions in electron-positron annihilation,
Phys. Rev. D 67 (2003) 094003
Page 28 of 44
HAPNET
B3.1.11 Partner # 11 Regensburg
(a) University of Regensburg
(b) DESY, Hamburg
(c) University of Heidelberg
Infrastructure, expertise and Competence:
The Regensburg team is composed to cover a broad range of theoretical and experimental efforts. The
experimental focus within the team is the HERMES collaboration involving physicists from Regensburg, DESY
and the Soltan Institute from Warsaw. The DESY scientists included in the Regensburg team are experts on the
issues of the network. Experimentalists from several teams will often spend some time at DESY (HERMES
experiment). There the pre-docs will be trained in running shifts in large experiments, doing data quality checks
and performing a physics analysis of experimental data. The DESY scientists of the network will assist in the
supervision of them. In addition, DESY offers physics training opportunities through its rich program of
seminars and symposia, and through the close existing collaboration between experimentalists and theorists.
At the University of Heidelberg the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the University is involved with
strong expertise on applying QCD to scattering, near light cone physics within a field theoretic approach.
Contacts exist with local experimentalists working at DESY and CERN.
.
Scientific staff involved in the research
Vladimir Braun(a),, Full professor in Theoretical Physics, 10%
Andreas Schäfer(a), (spokesperson), Full professor in Theoretical Physics, 15%
Tilo Wettig(a), (expected to start beginning of 2004), Associate Professor in Theoretical Physics, 5%
Senior research staff memebers(a): Christof Gattringer, Francesco Hautmann, Alexander Lenz, Marco Stratmann,
Heribert Weigert
Wolf-Dieter Nowak(b) , HERMES collaboration, 15%
Markus Diehl(b), DESY Theory Group Staff, 15%
Hans Juergen Pirner(c), Professor in Theoretical Physics, 15%
Otto Nachtmann(c), Professor in Theoretical Physics, 20%
Post-docs Heidelberg: K. Uttermann, 10% and B. Klein, 10%
Two recent significant publications
 The QCDSF Collaboration (M. Gockeler et al.), Generalized parton distributions from lattice QCD, DESY03-051, LU-ITP-2003-006, EDINBURGH-2003-04, LTH-573, MIT-CTP-3365, Apr 2003. 10pp. e-Print
Archive: hep-ph/0304249
 V.M. Braun (Regensburg U.), G.P. Korchemsky (Orsay, LPTHE), D. Müller (Wuppertal U.), The uses of
conformal symmetry in QCD, Jun 2003. 110pp. Submitted to Prog.Part.Nucl.Phys. e-Print Archive: hepph/0306057
Page 29 of 44
HAPNET
B3.1.12 Partner # 12 Saclay
SPhN/CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
Infrastructure, expertise and Competence:
Physicists in the Saclay team belong to the Service de Physique Nucléaire (SPhN) of the French Commissariat à
l'Energie Atomique. SPhN is part of a large fundamental and applied research department (DAPNIA) including
also particle physics, astrophysics, instrumentation, accelerator physics. The contacts between the various
disciplines are numerous and fruitful. SPhN, with about fifty staff physicists, already provides an excellent
infrastructure for about 20 students and 15 post-docs (with respectively about 1/3 and 1/2 from other European
countries). The scientific environment benefits from the numerous ties with other laboratories in the larger Paris
area. Students and post-docs may freely attend high level courses dispensed in universities nearby, and SPhN
itself organizes, at least once a year, topical courses. With a majority of experimenters, SPhN also has activities
in theory, and students or post-docs in theory all enjoy rich exchanges with their fellow experimenters. In
addition, they benefit from the vicinity of the Service de Physique Théorique at Saclay. SPhN is involved in
several international collaborations to carry experiments in the fields of nuclear structure, hadron physics,
quark-gluon plasma and applied nuclear physics, in France (GANIL), Europe (CERN, Finland, Belgium,
Germany) and the U.S.A (TJNAF and BNL). Within the network, the Saclay team has recognized expertise in
the experimental and theoretical studies of nucleon structure. Among others, many of the concepts and first
experiments concerning Virtual Compton Scattering (VCS and DVCS) originated within this team. On the
technical side, the physicists, with their fellow engineers within DAPNIA, are developping large detection
systems, calorimeter light monitoring systems, superconducting magnets.
Scientific staff involved in the research
Within SPhN, the staff (permanent research physicists) is involved in four different research activities, all
related to the network topics. These activities are listed as well.
Michel Garçon (50%), coordinator
Experiment: TJNAF/ GPD
Franck Sabatié (50 %)
Experiment: TJNAF/ GPD
Jacques Ball (30%)
Experiment: TJNAF /GPD
Pierre Guichon (50%)
Theory: GPD
Fabienne Kunne (40%)
Experiment : COMPASS/ Gluons & Transversity
Jean-Marc LeGoff (30%)
Experiment : COMPASS/ Gluons & Transversity
Damien Neyret (20%)
Experiment : COMPASS/ Gluons & Transversity
Nicole d'Hose (40%)
Experiment : COMPASS/ GPD
Etienne Burtin (30%)
Experiment : COMPASS/ GPD
Jacques Marroncle (20%)
Experiment : COMPASS/ GPD
Two recent significant publications
 M. Garçon, An introduction to Generalized Parton Distributions, Eur. Phys. J. A 18 (2003) 389
 P. Guichon et al., Pion production in deeply virtual Compton scattering, Phys. Rev. D 68 (2003) 034018
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HAPNET
B3.1.13 Partner # 13 Valencia
(a) University of Valencia
(b) IFIC, Valencia
(c) University of Salamanca
Infrastructure, expertise and competence:
A large part of the team belongs to the Department of Theoretical Physics of the University of Valencia,
constituting 22 permanent members, 3 long-term contracts, 2 Visiting Professors, 5 Post-doctoral positions and
17 Pre-doctoral positions occupied by persons of different nationalities (Germany, Italy, Greece, China, Japan,
Russia...). The Departments of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics share a Ph.D.
programme, which has received the highest quality rate by the Spanish Education Ministry. In the recent past
students from Italy and Germany have obtained the Ph. D. Members of the DTPUV have participated in
European scientific networks: "Eurodaphne", "Physics beyond the standard model", "Many body description of
hadrons and nuclei", "Hadronic physics with high-energy electromagnetic probes", "Electromagnetic scattering
off confined partons (Esop)", "Microscopic Quantum Many-Body Theories" . The UV is a large University (
50.000 students) with several services for helping foreign students.
The IFIC is a Particle and Nuclear Physics Institute belonging to the C.S.I.C. and to the Valencia
University. There is about 100 doctors in the IFIC, which includes theoreticians and experimentalists. The
experimental activity focus in the ATLAS collaboration, Antares, the Pion Beam Factory at GSI and other
projects.
Few members of the group belong to the Department of Nuclear Physics and Radiology of the University of
Salamanca. It is a small theoretical group that maintains a strong scientific relation with the DTPUV.
The main research effort of the Valencia-Salamanca group is concerned with the properties and
structure of hadrons. The group has experience in many approaches used to describe hadronic systems:
relativistic and nonrelativistic quark models and lattice theory. An important research effort has been done in the
last few years in the connection between constituent quark model and the parton picture of the hadron structure,
looking to different parton distributions. The structure function of the nucleon using a light-front constituent
quark model has been studied. The relativistic effects have been analyzed both for polarized and unpolarized
parton distributions. In the field of constituent quark model, we have analyzed the electromagnetic properties of
baryons, paying especial attention to the relativistic corrections in the operators. The activity in the field of
lattice theory has been focussed in the study of the renormalization properties for four-fermion operators.
The team has collaborations with the Grenoble group (Orsay team), the Perugia and Trento groups
(Pavia team), the University of Regensburg and the Saclay teams.
Scientific staff involved in the research
Santiago Noguera(a), Associate Professor, 40%
Pedro Gonzalez(a), Associate Professor, 40%, coordinator
Vicente Gimenez(a), Associate Professor, 40%
Vicente Vento(a), Professor, 40%
Hee-Jung LEE(a), Post-doctoral position, 50%
Nikolai Kochelev, Visitor position, 20%
Angeles Faus(b), Research Associate, 20%
Jorge Velasco(b), Director of Research C.S.I.C., 20%
Francisco Fernandez(c), Professor, 20%
Alfredo Valcarce(c), Associate Professor, 20%
Javier Vijande(c), Pre-doctoral position
Two recent significant publications
 Sergio Scopetta, Vicente Vento, Generalized Parton Distributions in Constituent Quark Models,
Eur.Phys.J.A16:527-535,2003
 I.V. Anikin, D. Binosi, R. Medrano, S. Noguera, V. Vento, Single Spin Asymmetry Parameter from Deeply
Virtual Compton Scattering of Hadrons up to Twist – Three Accuracy. 1. Pion Case, Eur.Phys.J.A14:95103,2002
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B3.1.14 Partner # 14 Warsaw
(a) Soltan Institute for nuclear Studies, Warsaw
(b) Center for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw
(c) Jagellonian University, Cracow
(d) H. Niewodniczanski Insitute for Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow
Infrastructure, expertise and Competence:
The physicist from the Polish institutes involved have long and successful experience in international
collaboration, involving world-class researchers, as well as younger scientists and students. There is a vast
availability of lectures and seminars in English, which in some cases is the working language. The Soltan
Institute for Nuclear Studies takes part in the HERMES collaboration.
.
Scientific staff involved in the research
Lech Szymanowski(a) , 20%
Witold Augustyniak(a), 15%
Bohdan Marianski(a), 15%
Pawel Zupranski(a), 15%
Lech Mankiewicz(b), 20%
Michal Praszalowicz(c), 15%
Adam Bzdak(c), 15%
Wojciech Broniowski(d), 15%
Krzysztof Golec-Biernat(d), 15%
Antoni Szczurek(d), 15%
Two recent significant publications
 K. Golec-Biernat and A.M. Stasto, On solutions of the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation with impact parameter,
Nucl.Phys.B668 (2003) 345-363 [hep-ph/0306279].
 N. Kivel and L. Mankiewicz, NLO corrections to the twist 3 amplitude in DVCS on a nucleon in the
Wandzura-Wilczek approximation: quark case, Nucl.Phys.B672 (2003) 357-371.
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B3.2.
INTENSITY AND QUALITY OF THE NETWORKING
Interactions and collaborations
Each young researcher employed by the network works on a topic that involves interactions or collaborations
between different teams. This is quite natural for experimental collaborations because of the scale of the
experiments, but it is also true for the theoretical topics as for example in lattice calculations where computer
facilities, configurations and codes are shared.
The tasks formulated in sections B1.4 and B1.5 can only be realized through intensive interaction and workinglevel collaboration. The young researchers play a key role in this interaction.
The composition of the scientific objectives, and the modes of interactions planned, will give the
optimum balance between individual and network-wide research activities. Thus, each employed researcher will
indeed have a well-defined research project, while it is based in a particular network team. The Network-wide
activities will follow specifically and naturally from the demands of the scientific objectives.
Integrating teams
The network contains two teams (Valencia and Athens) from Less Favoured Regions of the EU and two teams
from new member states (Poland and Cyprus). Integration of small size institutions that specialize in certain
aspects of hadron physics like the University of Cyprus will benefit from interacting with experts in other areas
in network meetings and through exchanges of students and staff.
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B3.3.
RELEVANCE OF THE PARTNERSHIP COMPOSITION
There have been several reasons to come to the specific partnership of this network:
 In order to address the physics issues at stake (understanding the structure of hadrons in terms of the
fundamental theory of QCD), collaboration between experimentalists, phenomenologists, theorists involved
in building models and theorists involved in lattice calculations is essential. This necessarily has driven a
large number of rather diverse research groups together.
 All groups, however, have very significant working-level experience on the topic of the proposal.
Experimental groups are involved in several different collaborations working at large (DESY, CERN,
TJNAF) or smaller facilities (IASA, GRAAL, Mainz).
 The scientific area of expertise of the partners is well known to the others and various bilateral
collaborations do already exist. The network will also create a significant number of new collaborations.
Some of these are inspired by physics reasons such as collaboration with teams involved in lattice gauge
calculations, others by the realization that it is important to involve physicist from new EU member
countries such as Poland and Cyprus.
 The physicists in the 14 teams originate from 11 different countries in Europe, including 2 teams from new
member states (Nicosia and Warsaw). Two of the teams (Valencia and Athens) are located in a lessfavoured region, while other teams include physicists from less-favoured regions (e.g. physicists from
Cagliari (Sardegna) in the Pavia team).
 The groups study the topic of the proposal from different points of view and by very different and
complementary techniques.
 The network does not only consists of large, experienced and well-established groups, but also contains
small groups like the Nicosia group or groups that just initiated new initiatives with great potential for the
future, such as the new activities of Maxim Polyakov in the Liège group.
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B4.
MANAGEMENT AND FEASIBILITY
B4.1.
PROPOSED MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Network coordination and management
The HAPNET network will be coordinated by Piet Mulders (Amsterdam). His responsibilities will include the
overall coordination and implementation of the project activities, the financial management of the project
according to the policy outlined below and in section B7, the organization of publicity and measures to attract
high-level candidates, the coordination of network training courses and network meetings, the monitoring of the
extent and quality of training activities of the various researchers and the generation of the progress reports and
midterm and final reports. A management team will be formed by the network coordinator Piet Mulders
(Amsterdam) and the task coordinators, Michel Garçon (Saclay), Andreas Schäfer (Regensburg), Gerard van der
Steenhoven (Amsterdam) and Paul Hoyer (Helsinki).
The network coordinator will be assisted by a management assistant, appointed on the basis of a
contract for 2 days per week for the total duration of the project. This person will have various administrative
tasks, such as the creation and, in particular, the regular updating of the HAPNET website, the editing of an
electronic newsletter and the answering of questions of the employed researchers or involved scientific staff
regarding administrative, financial and organizational details of the network. This person will also contact the
various group leaders and their administrative officials regarding financial issues and keep records of the training
programmes of the employed researchers and of the various secondments within the network.
Each of the research tasks will be coordinated by one or two senior researchers in the network, who will
have the responsibility of organizing the details of the collaborative activities, exchange of scientists, planning
joint experiments and transferring knowledge to other partners, all of this in regular contact with the coordinator.
The training of the employed researchers will be coordinated by a task force consisting of the network
coordinator and two senior scientists, Constantia Alexandrou (Nicosia) and Wolf-Dieter Nowak (DESY,
Regensburg team). The task force monitors the young researchers, making sure that the objective set out in B2.1
is met. The supervisors involved in training will be grouped according to whether they will train ESR’s or ER’s,
and these two groups will be in contact with the coordinator.
Communication
Most participants of the HAPNET network know each other very well.
To achieve optimal network communication the following measures will be taken:
 Each year two graduate schools will be selected where all ESR’s participate and there will be one large
network meeting, in which all employed researchers and all senior physicists involved in their supervision
will participate. The meeting will be in the form of scientific workshops, where participants present their
results and future plans are discussed.
 A website will be prepared, and kept up to date, with general information on the network, lists with phone
numbers, e-mail addresses of all participants and links to websites of all participating groups and other
important sites, information on vacant positions and an overview of publications. This site will be
constructed at the start of the project, with the objective of enhancing interaction between partners, but also
to publicize and disseminate project information to the rest of the world.
 A half-yearly electronic newsletter will be prepared, which will be distributed among all researchers
employed by the network and all involved researchers financed by other sources. This newsletter will
feature progress reports of early-stage and experienced researchers and it contains the information on topical
lecture series at the various institutes. The electronic newsletter will be a part of the HAPNET web page.
Financial management
The proposal coordinator is responsible for financial issues of the project. Funds will be managed centrally and
distributed to a team once a fellow is recruited. The proposal coordinator will create separate accounts for (a)
centrally managed funds to be distributed to the various teams for networking and employing young researchers
and (b) funds used for management costs. Each of the teams will create designated accounts for the employment
and mobility of employed researchers and networking. The funds distributed to the partners consist of the
categories A-E, F1-F2 and H of the Marie Curie Work Programme, to be specific (A) salary costs, multiplied by
the appropriate national correction coefficient (p. 52 of the Marie Curie Work Programme), (B) an appropriate
travel allowance (based on the table on p. 51 of the Marie Curie Work Programme), (C) an appropriate mobility
allowance (depending on the marital status of the fellow), (D) a career exploratory allowance, if applicable, (E) a
contribution to the participation expenses of eligible researchers, (F1) a contribution of costs linked to the
participation of researchers not recruited by the network and (F2) a contribution related to the organisation and
implementation of the project – see Table B7, and (H) overheads. Categories E and F1 are based on real costs
and will be managed by the financial department of the institute of the fellow. Unused funds will be returned to
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the centrally managed funds of the network coordinator. The funds used for the management (category G) will
be centrally managed by the network coordinator and will be based on real costs. The management costs include
the salary of an administrative official, to be appointed in the group of the network coordinator based on a
contract of 16 hours per week for the total duration of the project, costs of management meetings and costs for
auditing.
Dissemination of results
Results obtained by fellows appointed by the network will be made public by:
 Publications in peer-reviewed international journals
 Presentations (posters and/or talks) at international scientific meetings and workshops
All appointed researchers are also expected to present their results at the network meetings and in the electronic
newsletter.
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B4.2.
MANAGEMENT KNOW-HOW AND EXPERIENCE OF NETWORK CO-ORDINATOR
The network is coordinated by Prof. Piet Mulders, since 1995 professor in Theoretical Physics at the Faculty of
Sciences of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (www.nat.vu.nl/~mulders). At present he is head of the
Department of Physics and Astronomy and active in several national and international science committees.
During his career he has worked in Europe and the U.S. (as post-doc), he has worked at research institutes and
universities. He has been and is involved in the organization of lecture series and monitoring of students in
graduate schools, in the organization of international workshops, conferences and summer schools. He has
supervised about 10 Ph.D. students. He has been a member of the management team of the ESOP network
(HPRN-CT-2000-00130) funded in the EU 5th framework.
B4.3.
MANAGEMENT KNOW-HOW AND EXPERIENCE OF NETWORK TEAMS
Each network team will be managed by a scientist in charge, who is appointed in that team for the duration of the
network. In groups in which both experimentalists and theorists are active, usually the scientist in charge is
assisted by a colleague to ensure that both theoretical and experimental aspects in the networking are taken care
of. In several cases the scientist in charge is not the local group leader but the person who is most directly
involved with the management of the respective team.
Partner 1 (Amsterdam)
Prof. Piet Mulders acts as scientist in charge of the Amsterdam team. He is also the coordinator of the full
network (see above). In the management of the Amsterdam team, he will be assisted by Prof. Gerard van der
Steenhoven, professor in experimental nuclear physics and senior staff member at NIKHEF. Van der
Steenhoven has experience in managing European Networks, as he served as Coordinator of a European
Network which was funded by the European Commission's 3 rd Framework Programme on Human Capital and
Mobility (HCM) (contract CHRXCT93011) in 1993 – 1996. He also serves as one of the two Dutch
representatives of NuPECC, an ESF expert committee.
Partner 2 (Athens)
Prof. Stathis Stiliaris will act as scientist in charge of the Athens team. He was the recipient of a Marie Curie
Fellowship and has extensive experience in organizing scientific meetings. The Athens group is led by Prof.
Costas N. Pananicolas, professor at the University of Athens and the Director of IASA, the designated
administrative entity of the node. He is the head of the Accreditation Board for Higher Education in Cyprus and
a member of the National Research Council (Greece). He is an adjunct Professor at the University of Illinois
(Urbana) and a Fellow and life member of the American Physical Society.
Partner 3 (Bochum)
Dr. Andreas Metz acts as scientist in charge of the Bochum-Wuppertal team. He finished his PhD in 1997, and
was post-doc in Heidelberg, Saclay and Amsterdam afterwards. In 2002 he joined the group of theoretical
nuclear and particle physics at the university of Bochum. Andreas Metz has experience in organizing scientific
meetings. The Bochum group is led by Prof. Klaus Goeke, the Wuppertal group by Prof. Peter Kroll, both of
them with broad experience in organization of meetings and management of projects.
Partner 4 (Frascati)
Dr. Enzo De Sanctis acts as scientist in charge of the Frascati team. He is Director of Research of INFN at the
Frascati National Laboratories and member of the INFN Board of Directors. He has experience in managing
European Networks and Projects, as a member of the management team of the ESOP network, as the coordinator
of three INTAS projects, as coordinator of the Transversity networking project within the Integrated
Infrastructure Initiative ‘Hadron Physics’ and as a member of the organizing committee of the yearly LNFSpring School.
Partner 5 (Glasgow)
Dr. Gunnar Bali acts as scientist in charge of the Glasgow team. He has been awarded prestigious Heisenberg
and PPARC Advanced Fellowships in recognition of his work. He was member of several organizing and
advisory committees for international conferences and workshops. The theoretical particle physics group in
Glasgow is led by Prof. Christine Davies, a specialist in lattice QCD. She holds a PPARC Senior Fellowship
and was elected as a Fellow of the Institute of Physics and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in
recognition of her work in this field. The nuclear physics group is led by Prof. Günther Rosner. He is among
others the chairperson of the UK Steering Committee for Future Nuclear Physics Facilities, and member of the
EPSRC Physics Strategy Advisory Team.
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Partner 6 (Helsinki)
Prof. Paul Hoyer acts as scientist in charge of the Helsinki team. He is since 1981 professor of elementary
particle physics at the Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki and an Adjoint Scientist with the
Helsinki Institute of Physics. During 1994-2002 he was on leave, being Director of the Nordic Institute for
Theoretical Physics (NORDITA) in Copenhagen. Paul Hoyer has been organizing several summer schools and
scientific meetings.
Partner 7 (Liège)
Prof. Joseph Cugnon is the head of the IISN group in Liège. In the same group, Dr. Jean-René Cudell is the
head of the COMPETE collaboration (COmputerised Models, Parameter Evaluation for Theory and
Experiment), which organizes and maintains databases of models and data on hadronic physics. Prof. Dirk
Ryckbosch heads the experimental group in Gent. He has been HERMES Spokesman from 2001-2003.
Partner 8 (Niosia)
Prof. Constantia Alexandrou leads the Nicosia group. She received a Ph.D. from MIT (Cambridge, USA) and
has been chair of the Department of Physics at the University of Cyprus and coordinator of several national
research programmes. She is a recipient of a Levendis Foundation research award.
Partner 9 (Orsay)
Dr. Michel Guidal acts as scientist in charge for the IN2P3 team. He completed his PhD in 1996 and after a
post-doc position at NIKHEF in Amsterdam, obtained a staff position at IPN Orsay. He has experience in
organizing international workshops, conferences and schools (member of the scientific and organization
committees of the FANTOM and Joliot-Curie schools and of the Baryons04 conference).
Partner 10 (Pavia)
Dr. Marco Radici acts as scientist in charge of the Pavia team. Since 1988 he works in the group of theoretical
nuclear physics of University of Pavia led by Prof. Sigfrido Boffi, who is member of the Academic Senate of the
University of Pavia and was formerly local Coordinator of two European Networks. The theoretical particle
physics group of the University of Torino is led by Prof. Mauro Anselmino, the Director of the Department of
Theoretical Physics of the same University.
Partner 11 (Regensburg)
Prof. Andreas Schäfer is a full professor in Regensburg and acts as scientist in charge of the joint RegensburgHeidelberg-DESY-Warsaw team. He is presently chairperson of the section ‘Hadron and Nuclear Physics’ of the
German Physical Society and spokesperson of the transregional DFG research group on ‘Lattice Hadron
Phenomenology’. He also serves in advisory commissions of the German Ministry of Research and Education
(BMBF) and the SPS committee at CERN.
Partner 12 (Saclay)
Dr. Michel Garçon acts as scientist in charge for the four Saclay groups participating in the network. He is
leading the SPhN/CLAS group, and is co-spokesperson of the TJNAF/CLAS/DVCS experiment. Michel Garçon
has experience in training students at a non-university site. He is active in several scientific committees. Dr.
Pierre Guichon coordinating the theoretical activities in the team, has contributed significantly to the education
of several young theoreticians in preceding European networks.
Partner 13 (Valencia)
Prof. Pedro González acts as scientist in charge of the Valencia team. He has experience in the management of
national research projects. He has collaborated in the organization of meetings and the management of the
European Networks HaPHEEP and ESOP.
Partner 14 (Warsaw)
Doc. Dr hab. Lech Szymanowski acts as scientist in charge of the Warsaw team. He finished his Ph.D. in 1980
and was post-doc in Saclay and Orsay afterwards. In 1995 he passed the habilitation procedure. Presently he is
head of the particle theory group of the Department of Nuclear Theory of the Soltan Institute for Nuclear
Studies. He has experience in organizing international scientific meetings.
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B5.
RELEVANCE TO THE OBJECTIVES OF THE ACTIVITY
The following benefits will be gained by undertaking this project at the European Community level:
 The capacity for training of researchers in the field of the network will be greatly enhanced by the
network. Eight early-stage and six experienced researchers will receive training over the four-year
period of the project, profiting from the broad expertise of the whole network, rather than only the
specific local expertise.
 In order for interdisciplinary training to be effective, it has to be based around a coherent project, in
which approaches of different disciplines are required to bring about progress. As explained in B1.1,
research in hadronic physics directly involves nuclear and particle physics and has links to astrophysics.
 Therefore, this project will also have an important effect in overcoming some fragmentation of research.
 The HAPNET network will reinforce on-going research projects in all of the participating European
institutes. Through the training programme, it will also reinforce the I3HP activities that in essence do
not cover training aspects.
 The joint activities within the network are driven by the desire for scientific advancement.
 A number of graduates (usually the good students) choose to go abroad, for instance to the US.
European exchange programmes will improve the chances of keeping them in Europe or getting them
back to Europe by giving them the opportunity to pick up the expertise at the appropriate European
Institutions.
 The intention to combine the research and training efforts of pre-docs with a Ph.D. programme, will
contribute to the activities aimed at international accreditation and acknowledgements of Ph.D.
programmes. In these activities we will involve as much as possible ongoing efforts at universities or
institutes.
Besides the researcher(s) financed by the network, in many cases one or more other local young researchers will
be involved, so a project may be carried out by a group of as many as three to five young researchers.
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B6.
ADDED VALUE TO THE COMMUNITY
Contribution to the European Research Area
 The training will contribute towards broad support for developing world-class scientists in the European
Research Area. It will broaden the awareness and expertise of the researchers and help establish
independent reputations, leading to development of new research groups in the future.
 It will add to the process of drawing together people from 11 different European countries interested in
an important area of scientific research. The specific combination of complementary expertise is not
available in one country and once acquired there is great potential for developing new, larger networks
of contacts throughout the European Research Area.
 The combination of early stage and experienced researchers, and the multidisciplinary content will
provide a template for research training in this, and other scientific areas.
Contribution to cohesion and integration policies
 Eleven different countries are involved, including participants from two new member countries
(Warsaw, Poland and Nicosia, Cyprus).
 Two of the participants come from Objective 1 regions (Valencia (Comunidad Valenciana) and Athens
(Attiki region)).
Gender Issues
 Several of the senior researchers (of the order of 10%) involved in this network are female. For
instance, of the 11 researchers who have themselves been young researchers in previous networks (see
B8), 3 are female. As indicated in section B2.3 measures will be taken to maximize opportunities for
female researchers. One of the scientists in charge (Nicosia team) is female.
Increasing the competitiveness for European research
 The research area of the HAPNET network is already one in which European groups are highly
competitive internationally. The formation of the Network, with the opportunities to consolidate
existing links and form new ones, will enable Europe to retain leadership in this area.
 The training that will be provided in the network will produce world-class versatile researchers with the
potential of becoming the leaders of the future in this area of research.
 One of the tasks in this network concerns the upgrading of existing facilities and the design of new both
essential to ensuring a long term European leadership in the field. The involvement of early stage
researcher in this undertaking assures the transfer of technical expertise that will be required for
upgrading and building the future facilities.
 The network will provide knowledge and skills in the most demanding technologies, training that is
versatile and needed in many sectors of the advanced economies of today.
Synergy with regional, national and international activities
 There is synergy with the EU networking activity ‘Transversity’ in the I3HP project.
 Synergy with national activities at universities or institutes such as national research programmes or
national graduate schools. In several cases universities and institutes have indicated that positions may
be matched by funds from such programmes or schools.
 Most of the teams themselves involve already regional collaborations or have plans for such
collaborations. The network may reinforce these efforts, for example collaborations between theory and
experiment (such as Liège and Gent or between Athens and Nicosia).
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B7.
INDICATIVE FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The estimated personnel cost of 144 months for experienced researchers and 288 months of early-stage
researchers (Table B2.3) as calculated including the costs of the monthly living allowance (category A from
paragraph 5.4.1 of the Handbook for Marie Curie RTN’s) and mobility allowance (category C) multiplied with
the factors of the respective countries, travel (category B) and career exploration allowances (category D) and
the contribution to the participation expenses of eligible researchers (category E) would amount to about
1,760,000 €. The total including contributions to the research/networking/training/transfer of knowledge
programme expenses (categories F1 and F2, specified in Table B7.1 under A and B), management activities
(category G, specified in Table B7.1 under C) and a contribution to overheads (category H, 10%) amounts to
about 2,680,000 €. To estimate this amount we used a mobility-allowance of 600 €/mo and a travel allowance of
500 €/yr.
The amounts for networking costs, excluding personnel costs and overheads, are the ones given in Table B7.1.
The networking costs under A and B constitute about 21% of the total costs, while the management costs
constitute about 3.5%. At present, no other types of expenses (category I) are foreseen. Including overheads, the
networking costs (excluding personnel costs) constitute about 34% of the total costs.
Table B7.1 Financial information on the network projects
Indicative financial information on the network project (excluding expenses
related to the recruitment of early-stage and experienced researchers)
Network Team
No.
Contribution to the research/ training /
transfer of knowledge expenses
Management
activities
(including audit
certification)
(Euro)
(Euro)
1. Amsterdam
2. Athens
3. Bochum
4. Frascati
5. Glasgow
6. Helsinki
7. Liège
8. Nicosia
9. Orsay
10. Pavia
12. Regensburg
12. Saclay
13. Valencia
14. Warsaw
Totals
Other types of
expenses /
specific
conditions
(Euro)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
35,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
45,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
35,000
45,000
45,000
35,000
35,000
30,000
485,000
9,600
3,600
6,000
4,800
9,600
4,800
6,000
4,800
6,000
7,200
9,600
6,000
3,600
4,800
86,400
100,000
-
100,000
-
Page 41 of 44
HAPNET
B8.
PREVIOUS PROPOSALS AND CONTRACTS
Many of the partners and physicists in this proposal have been involved with the network “Hadronic Physics
with High Energy Electromagnetic Probes” (HAPHEEP; ERBFMRXCT96-0008, 01/08/1996-01/08/2000) and
the network “Electron Scattering off Confined Partons” (ESOP; HPRN-CT-2000-00130, 01/09/200001/09/2003). Since the emphasis of these networks has shifted, this is reflected in the detailed composition. In
the present network, the use of lattice gauge calculations as a method to understand the structure of nucleons
within QCD, is important. This is reflected in the participation of the Glasgow and Nicosia teams, which were
not part of the previous. Physicists from the Warsaw team are expected to play a role in the network because of
their expertise on several theoretical issues (such as GPD’s, exclusive processes and perturbative QCD
calculations as well as their expertise on experimental issues (within the HERMES collaboration). Also the
composition and distribution over institutes in some of the teams has changed. Examples are the arrangement of
the two German (Bochum and Regensburg) and Italian (Frascati and Pavia) teams. In the latter physicists from
Torino joined the Pavia team. In the Belgian team, the emphasis now is more on theory. All these arrangements
reflect the objectives of the network as explained in section B3.3.
Within the network several senior or more senior physicists participate, who have had appointments as junior
researchers in previous networks (see B8). Specific examples are Riccardo Fabbri (post-doc in Amsterdam),
Andreas Metz (scientist in charge of Bochum team), Peter Schweitzer and Rainer Jakob (post-docs in Bochum),
Delia Hash (research associate in Frascati), Umberto D’Alesio (assistant professor in Cagliari), Barbara Pasquini
(fellow in Pavia), Mariaelena Boglione (research associate in Torino), Sergio Scopetta (assistant professor in
Perugia), Heribert Weigert (research associate in Regensburg), Markus Diehl (tenure track position at DESY).
Of these 11 persons, 3 are female researchers!
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HAPNET
B9.
OTHER ISSUES
There are no ethical or safety issues associated with the subject of the proposal. The proposers realize the
importance of research and knowledge transfer for the society at large and will use all opportunities to inform
also the general public of the scientific progress and the importance therein of programmes like FP6, e.g. during
open days at partner laboratories and institutes, in presentations at schools at all levels or in presentations for the
general public.
Information on the ethical aspects of the research presented
A.
Does the research presented in this proposal raise sensitive
ethical questions related to:
YES
NO
Human beings
NO
Human biological samples
NO
Personal data (whether identified by name or not)
NO
Genetic information
NO
Animals
NO
B.
We confirm that the research presented in this proposal does NOT involve:

Research activity aimed at human cloning for reproductive purposes,
 Research activity intended to modify the genetic heritage of human beings which could make such changes
heritable;
 Research activity intended to create human embryos solely for the purpose of research or for the purpose of
stem cell procurement, including by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer;
 Research involving the use of human embryos or embryonic stem cells with the exception of banked or
isolated human embryonic stem cells in culture.
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HAPNET
ENDPAGE
HUMAN RESOURCES AND MOBILITY (HRM)
ACTIVITIES
MARIE CURIE ACTIONS
Research Training Networks (RTNs)
PART B
“HAPNET”
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HAPNET
team
site
T1
Amsterdam
Athens
Bochum
Frascati
Glasgow
Helsinki
Liege
Amsterdam T/E
Athens T/E
Bochum
Frascati
Glasgow T/E
Helsinki
Liege
Gent
Nicosia
Orsay T/E
Pavia
Torino
Regensburg
DESY T/E
Heidelberg
Saclay T/E
Valencia
Cracow
Warsaw
**
Nicosia
Orsay
Pavia
Regensburg
Saclay
Valencia
Warsaw
T2
T3
T4
T6
pd
24
T5
pd
**
**
12
**
T7
pd
E1
E2
24
E3
pd
**
E4
pd
E5
pd
18
18
24
24
**
**
18
**
**
24
**
24
12
12
**
12
6
**
12
12
**
24
**
**
12
12
**
12
**
12
**
**
12
**
**
6
18
12
12
12
Networking
k€
25.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
25.0
15.0
15.0
5.0
15.0
25.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
5.0
5.0
25.0
15.0
10.0
12
The projects are joint projects of at least two teams and involve in principle one researcher. In some cases local
funds will be added to the project and two researchers may be financed. For this/these network researcher(s) a
career development plan will be made, which specifies the place where the research is conducted, the daily
supervision, the thesis advisor(s) and the university/ies granting the Ph.D. Besides the researcher(s) financed by
the network, in many cases one or more other local young researchers will be involved, so a project may be
carried out by a group of as many as three to five young researchers. Places to be visited involve
The decision on a candidate is made by the teams involved. The candidate young researcher decides with the
teams involved where to conduct the research, which may be divided between the teams involved. A proposal to
the network coordinator.
A fair division of positions over the network and the various projects is aimed for. This means that both teams A
and B are involved in pre-doc projects T and E for say 18 months, agreement has to be reached that the young
researcher in project T is spending most of his time in team A, while the young researcher E will be spending
most of his time in team B. The young researchers, team coordinators and the network coordinator will guard
this process. Teams marked with ** are expected to be involved in projects as teams to be visited by young
researchers employed by other teams, as teams in which local young researchers are working on the project or as
teams from which the young researchers to fill the network position originate.
Predoc positions (persons with less than four year of research experience) will be preferably not later than one
year after the start of the network, postdocs (with less than ten years of total research experience) can be
appointed also in later years.
Page 45 of 44