STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, PHYSICA, SPECIAL ISSUE, 2001
DATA EVALUATION LINKING BASIC AND APPLIED
RESEARCH AMONG EUROPEAN CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE*
VLAD AVRIGEANU, MARILENA AVRIGEANU and TUDOR GLODARIU
“Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering
(IFIN-HH), P.O. Box MG-6, 76900 Bucharest, Romania
ABSTRACT. Review of the atomic and nuclear data evaluation at IFIN-HH is carried out
along with research priorities of European Commission (EC) Fifth Framework Programme
(FP5). Integration of basic research and objectives of nuclear safety and environmental
protection is thus ensured as well that of scientists from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)
into the EC research programmes, e.g. EURATOM and EC Joint Research Center (JRC)
projects. Recent experience of IFIN-HH receiving EC/FP5 Support for CEE Centres of
Excellence, is discussed with the aim of further increase of the above-mentioned
integration.
1. Introduction
The objective of consolidation of the scientific basis for, e.g., atomic and
nuclear data is a research priority of the EURATOM/Fifth Framework Programme
(FP5). Thus, advanced low-activation and radiation-resistant materials, as well as the
precise definition of a reference material with reduced activation are main lines of FP5
Key Actions. However, since it is costly and virtually impossible to measure all atomic
and nuclear data required by these applications, the development of the corresponding
computing methods are essential. On the other hand, specific experimental data do not
impose sufficient constraints on the theoretical nuclear reaction models. Most of them
could be equally well reproduced in terms of different approaches by adjustment of
parameters always involved even in the "parameter free" models. In order to increase
the predictable power of model calculations, compensation of opposite effects due to
various less accurate parameter values can be avoided by means of1: (a) unitary use of
common model parameters for different mechanisms, (b) use of consistent sets of input
parameters determined by various independent data analysis, and (c) unitary account of
a whole body of related experimental for isotope chains of neighboring elements.
Improved nuclear model calculation methods for nuclear activation data have
been carried out at IFIN-HH by using the exciton and the Geometry-Dependent Hybrid
(GDH) semi-classical models for the pre-equilibrium emission (PE) and Hauser*Lecture
1
at The 2-nd Conference on Isotopic and Molecular Processes, Cluj-Napoca, September 2729, 2001. Work supported in part under the MEC Grant No. 1366/2001.
M. Avrigeanu, M. Ivascu, and V. Avrigeanu, Z. Phys. A 329 , 177 (1988); ibid. 335, 299 (1990);
Atomkernenergie-Kerntechnik 49, 133 (1987)
VLAD AVRIGEANU, MARILENA AVRIGEANU and TUDOR GLODARIU
Feshbach statistical model within the computer code STAPRE-H952. Since PE models
have been recently proved3 not able to reproduce the decrease of the (n,p) reaction
excitation function in the energy range above the common 15 MeV value, additional
work has had to be devoted to this objective. Further advance is possible by the
development in the meantime within IFIN-HH of the novel partial level-density
formalism4 of the recent IAEA Reference Input Parameter Library (RIPL)5 as well as
an improved version of the corresponding computer code PLD6.
It should be noted that the statistical-model parameters are involved beyond the
reaction cross-section calculations also in various studies of nuclear phenomena from,
e.g., elastic scattering to cold fission, which may be used for their analysis too7,8.
Moreover, since completion of the EURATOM-FUSION objectives has recently
requested nuclear-data evaluation for D incident on 6,7Li, for D energies up to 50 MeV,
we have analyzed the possibility to work on it at IFIN-HH. The previous IFIN-HH
results concerning both the realistic effective nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction9 and
the use of the double-folding (DF) model for microscopic optical-potential calculation10,11
may be helpful in this respect.
We have thus looked for the integration of basic research and objectives of nuclear
safety and environmental protection within the EC research programmes such as
EURATOM and EC Joint Research Center (JRC). A fruitful cooperation is established
in this respect between IFIN-HH and the EC/JRC Institute for Reference Materials and
Measurements (IRMM) based on previous IFIN results3,4,6-9, our group working now
under the following projects:
 Association EURATOM - NASTI-Romania (2000-2002),
 EC/JRC/IRMM project “Neutron Data Measurement and Evaluation
Activities”, (two senior scientists and two open positions as PhD-student), and
 EC/FP5/INCO2 Support for Centres of Excellence under Contract ICA1CT-2000-70023 with IFIN-HH.
The last action was initiated and largely guided by EC/JRC/IRMM-Geel, leading
finally to the only one successful atomic-physics proposal from EEC under the
corresponding FP5 call. Basic points of our group contributions to these projects are
given in the following.
2
M. Avrigeanu and V. Avrigeanu, STAPRE-H95 Computer Code, IPNE Report NP-86, Bucharest,1995; in
E. Sartori (Ed.), Nuclear Model Codes, OECD NEA Data Bank, Saclay, 1992, p. 102; News NEA Data
Bank 17 (1995) 22, 25.
3 A. Fessler, E. Wattecamps, D.L. Smith, and S.M. Qaim, Phys. Rev. C 58, 996 (1998).
4 A. Harangozo, I. Stetcu, M. Avrigeanu, and V. Avrigeanu, Phys. Rev. C 58, 295 (1998).
5 P. Oblozinsky,
"Development of Reference Input Parameter Library (RIPL) for Nuclear Model
Calculations of Nuclear Data", Report INDC(NDS)-335, IAEA, Vienna, 1995; Report IAEATECDOC-1034, IAEA, Vienna, 1998 [ http://www-nds.iaea.or.at/ripl/ ].
6 M. Avrigeanu and V. Avrigeanu, Comp. Phys. Comm. 112, 191 (1998).
7 V. Avrigeanu, P.E. Hodgson, and M. Avrigeanu., Phys. Rev. C 49, 2136 (1994).
8 V. Avrigeanu, A. Florescu, A. Sandulescu, and W. Greiner, Phys. Rev. C 52, R1765 (1995).
9 M. Avrigeanu et al., Phys. Rev. C 54, 2538 (1996); ibid. 56, 1633 (1997).
10 M. Avrigeanu, G.S. Anagnostatos, A.N. Antonov, J. Giapitzakis, Phys. Rev. C 62, 017001 (2000).
11 M. Avrigeanu, A.N. Antonov, H. Lenske, and I. Stetcu, Nucl. Phys. A693, 616 (2001).
102
DATA EVALUATION LINKING BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH AMONG EUROPEAN CENTERS …
2. Double-folding method for calculation of nuclear potential
In order to establish the correctness of various assumptions considered within
the DF method11 for the few-nucleon systems, the large density effects on the elastic
scattering of 6,8He on 4He within microscopic optical potential have been analyzed. The
comparative analysis of the experimental and microscopic elastic scattering angular
distributions of 6,8He on 4He has been carried out. The calculated angular distributions
have been obtained employing a microscopic real optical potential based on (a) Tanihata
and COSMA models (see11 for references) for the density distributions of Helium isotopes
(Fig. 1), and (b) the M3Y, BDM3Y, and DDM3Y Paris effective NN interactions (Fig. 2).
The sensitivity of the calculated cross sections with respect to both density distributions
and effective NN interactions have been analyzed on this basis.
4
4
He
-3
10
Tanihata
COSMA
-7
He
-2
10
-4
(d)
6
He
-2
10
-4
10
8
(b)
]
-11
10
10
-3
-3
]
(a)
6
10
-7
10
n(r) [fm
]
-3
(r) [fm
-11
10
He
-3
10
(e)
-11
10
p(r) [fm
-7
10
4
He
-3
10
6
-6
10
-9
He
He
He
-3
10
10
8
(c)
(f)
8
He
-3
10
-2
-2
10
10
-6
10
-4
10 0
(g)
-4
2
4
6
10
0
(h)
-9
2
4
6
10
0
(i)
2
4
6
r [fm]
Fig. 1. Neutron and proton density distributions for 4,6,8He nuclei by Tanihata and COSMA models.
Finally, it results that Tanihata's density distributions and the density dependent
DDM3Y Paris effective NN interaction led to better agreement with the experimental
data (Fig. 3). Based on these results it becomes possible the use of DF method for
calculation of the nuclear potential for complex particles (e.g. 2,3H, 3,4He) emitted in
fast-neutron induced reactions on medium nuclei, as well as for evaluation of the
nuclear data for D incident on 6,7Li.
103
VLAD AVRIGEANU, MARILENA AVRIGEANU and TUDOR GLODARIU
100
6
80
4
He+ He
COSMA density
Einc=151 MeV
60
Bachelier'72
M3Y
BDM3Y
DDM3Y
Tanihata density
40
-UR(r) [MeV]
20
0
0
120
(b)
(a)
2
4
8
100
6
0
2
4
He+ He
COSMA density
80
Einc=211 MeV
60
Tanihata density
M3Y
BDM3Y
DDM3Y
40
20
0
0
6
4
(d)
(c)
2
4
6
0
2
4
6
r [fm]
Fig. 2. Comparative analysis of the microscopic real optical potentials, for 6,8He scattered on 4He calculated
with Tanihata and COSMA densities, and M3Y, BDM3Y, DDM3Y effective NN interactions.
2
6
0
Einc=151 MeV
10
10
-2
Tanihata
10
d / d [mb/sr]
-4
10
-6
10
0
4
He+ He
(a)
Oganessian'99
Bachelier'72
M3Y
BDM3Y
DDM3Y
30
60
COSMA density
(b)
90
120 150
0
30
60
90
120 150 180
3
10
8
4
He+ He
Einc=211 MeV
1
10
Tanihata
-1
10
-3
10
0
(c)
Oganessian'00
M3Y
BDM3Y
DDM3Y
30
60
COSMA density
(d)
90
0
30
60
90
120
c.m. [deg]
Fig. 3. Comparison of the elastic scattering differential cross sections of 6,8He on 4He, calculated
with Tanihata and COSMA parametrization and with M3Y, BDM3Y and DDM3Y-Paris
effective NN interaction, and the experimental data of Oganessian et al. (1999).
104
DATA EVALUATION LINKING BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH AMONG EUROPEAN CENTERS …
3. Improved model calculation of nuclear activation data
In the frame of the cooperation between IFIN-HH (Bucharest) and EC/JRC/IRMM
(Geel) it was carried out recently the analysis of new IRMM accurate measurements,
being established12 that an improper consideration of the normalization method was
involved by all recent international evaluated nuclear-data files in the case of the
reaction 51V(n,n’)47Sc. Work on new evaluated file for fast-neutron reactions on
vanadium, of further interest for EAF-99 become thus necessary.
Next, during the Workshop on Activation Data – EAF-2001 (6-7 Nov. 2000,
CE de Cadarache) it was stated that extension of the model calculations, requested by
the development of the next library version EAF-2003, is conditioned by their
validation in various mass regions. It is why the above-mentioned consistent model
calculations have been carried on also for the Mo isotopes. The first step of this work
has been the study of the activation cross sections for reactions induced on 92Mo,
namely, 92Mo(n,p)92Nbm, 92Mo(n,)89Zrg,m, 92Mo(n,2n)91Mog,m, and 92Mo(n,n’p)91Nbm,
for which there is also a large amount of measured data. However, there are yet many
discrepancies between even recent data sets, while three basic evaluations performed in
the last decade at well-known laboratories show wide differences, e.g. up to ~50% for
the (n,p) reaction13,14 and ~65% for the (n,) reaction13,15. In order to obtain confident
calculated cross sections under these conditions, we have had to enlarge the parameter
analysis carried out already in this respect concerning the following quantities which
are most important for calculation of the isomeric cross section ratios:
3.1. Ratio between the nuclear moment of inertia I - the third parameter of the backshifted Fermi gas (BSFG) model for the nuclear level density - and the rigid-body value
Ir has been obtained16 by using the method of Weigmann17 et al. and the corresponding
recent experimental neutron and proton-resonance spacings (RIPL), as shown in Fig. 4.
(E*,J) (Levels/MeV)
3
10
51
51
V
V
2
10
*
*
E =10.646 MeV
E =10.646 MeV
1
10
Vonach+ (1988)
RIPL (1998)
0
10
Vonach+ (1988)
RIPL (1998)
(b)
(a)
0
3
6
9
12
0
3
6
9
12
15
J (h)
Fig. 4. Comparison16 of the spin-dependent level densities of the nucleus 51V.
12
P. Reimer, V. Avrigeanu, A.J.M. Plompen, and S.M. Qaim, Phys. Rev. C (in press).
S.M. Qaim, R. Wolfle, and B. Strohmaier, Phys. Rev. C 40, 1993 (1989).
14 P.E. Garret, L.A. Bernstein, J.A. Baker, K. Hauschild, C.A. McGrath, D.P. McNabb, W. Younes, M.B.
Chadwick et al, Phys. Rev. C 62, 054608 (2000).
15 N. Yamamuro, Nucl. Sci. Eng. 109, 128 (1991).
16 V. Avrigeau, T. Glodariu, A.J.M. Plompen, H. Weigmann, J. Nucl. Sci. Eng. (to be published).
17 H. Weigmann, C. Wagemans, A. Emsallem, and M. Asghar, Nucl. Phys. A368, 117 (1981).
13
105
VLAD AVRIGEANU, MARILENA AVRIGEANU and TUDOR GLODARIU
3.2. The analysis of the nuclear-level density parameters a and  of the back-shifted
Fermi gas (BSFG) model was carried out for 70 isotopes in the atomic-mass range
A=79-111. The fit of the most recent experimental low-lying discrete levels (ENSDF
file on the BNL-Brookhaven web site) and the s-wave nucleon resonance spacings (the
corresponding RIPL file on the NDS/IAEA-Vienna web site) was done in this respect,
corresponding to the values 0.5, 0.75, and 1 for the ratio I/Ir (Fig. 5).
16
*
BSFG: I/Ir=0.5-0.75 (E =0-Bn)
*
BSFG: I/Ir=0.5-0.75 (E =0-8 MeV)
BSFG: I/Ir=0.5
14
10
a (MeV
even-even
even-odd
odd-even
odd-odd
even-even
even-odd
odd-even
odd-odd
-1
)
12
8
BSFG: I/Ir=1
BSFG: I/Ir=0.75
14
12
10
8
even-even
even-odd
odd-even
odd-odd
80
90
100
even-even
even-odd
odd-even
odd-odd
110
80
90
100
110
A
Fig. 5. Values of the level-density parameter a obtained by fit of the ENSDF and RIPL data
3.3. The BSFG model has been used for the nuclear level density at excitation energies
lower than 12 MeV, which is the excitation region in which the corresponding
parameters are obtained by fit of experimental data. At higher excitation it has been
adopted the realistic analytical formula of Schmidt et al.18. This approach has been
revised on the basis of all available data for the level density at excitation energies
above the binding energy16 (Fig. 6).
3.4. The optical model potential (OMP) for calculation of proton transmission
coefficients on the residual nucleus 92Nb, for energies up to 20 MeV, has been
established through the analysis of the available 93Nb(p,n)93Mo reaction cross sections
up to Ep=5.5 MeV, and total proton reaction cross sections around Ep=10 MeV (Fig. 7).
3.5. The systematics of the correction factor of the -ray strength functions shown in
Fig. 8(a), used for the -ray transmission coefficients calculation in the framework of a
modified energy-dependent Breit-Wigner model, has been established by analyzing the
RIPL average radiative widths of the s-wave neutron resonance. At the same time the
-ray decay schemes have been considered most carefully as shown, e.g., in Fig. 8(b).
18
K.-H. Schmidt, H. Delagrange, J.P. Dufour, N. Carjan, and A. Fleury, Z. Phys. A 308, 215 (1982).
106
DATA EVALUATION LINKING BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH AMONG EUROPEAN CENTERS …
55
10
56
Mn
6
Fe
Bn=10.227 MeV
Bp+Ep/2=10.500 MeV
Bn=11.198 MeV
=1.60 MeV
W'95=0.05 MeV
p
10
4
10
2
10
0
10
6
D0 =7.1 +- 7 keV
=0 MeV
W'95=0.68 MeV
B
RO1; Ir
RO12; Ir/2
ROevap; evap.spec.
DENS(5.40/0.75/-0.30)
DENS(a=6.222)/KC:dW=-0.78 (n(B): 0.668)
DENS(11.2-15 MeV)
DN
RO
DENS (5.50/0.75/-1.92: D 0=6.43)
DENS (a=6.111)/KC:dW=-0.19 (n(B): 0.672)
DENS (10.2-15 MeV)
57
60
Co
Ni
Bn=11.376 MeV
Bp+Ep/2=8.82 / 9.591 MeV
Bn=11.389 MeV
=1.549 MeV
p
Levels/MeV
D0 =19.4+-2.4 / 13.3+-1.1 KeV
=0 MeV
10
4
10
2
10
0
10
8
10
6
10
4
10
2
10
0
W'95=-0.16 MeV
W'95=-0.89 MeV
B
B
B
B
DENS(5.80/0.75/-1.15)
DENS(a=6.333)/KC: dW=-1.16 (n(B): 0.747)
DENS(11.4-15 MeV)
DN
RO1; Ir
RO1.2; Ir/2
DENS(6.10/0.75/0.05)
DENS(a=6.667)/KC: dW=-0.26 (n(B): 0.704)
DENS(11.4-15 MeV)
70
69
Ge
As
10
Bn=12.270 MeV
=0 MeV
Bn=11.536 MeV
=1.435 MeV
W'95=3.76 MeV
W'95=4.13 MeV
B
B
DENS (9.80/0.75/1.00)
DENS (a=7.778)/KC: dW=5.54 (n(B): 0.753)
DENS (11.5-15 MeV)
B
B
DENS (9.25/0.75/-0.70)
DENS (a=7.667)/KC: dW=5.17 (n(B): 0.762)
DENS (12.3-15 MeV)
104
10
8
10
6
10
4
10
2
10
0
114
Pd
10
Sn
Bn=10.014 MeV
=1.177 MeV
Bn=10.300 MeV
=1.124 MeV
W'95=1.83 MeV
W'95=1.83 MeV
B
B
DENS (13.25/0.75/0.60)
DENS (a=11.556)/KC: dW=5.00 (n(B): 0.769)
DENS (10-15 MeV)
0
5
10
15
20
B
B
DENS (13.50/0.75/1.30)
DENS (a=12.667)/KC: dW=1.46 (n(B): 0.865)
DENS (10.2-15 MeV)
0
5
10
15
20
25
E*(MeV)
Fig. 6. Experimental and calculated observable total level densities 16.
-1
0.8
10
93
93
Nb(p,n) Mo
93
-2
p + Nb
0.6
-3
10
Johnson+ (1979)
Johnson+ (1979)
Perey (1963)
BG (1969)
Modified OMP
(a)
-4
10
-5
10
2
3
4
Ep (MeV)
5
R (b)
 (b)
10
0.4
Carlson (1996)
Johnson+ (1979)
Perey (1963)
BG (1969)
Modified OMP
(b)
0.2
0.0
6
7
8
9
10
Ep (MeV)
Fig. 7. Comparison of experimental and calculated (p,n) and proton total reaction cross sections19.
107
VLAD AVRIGEANU, MARILENA AVRIGEANU and TUDOR GLODARIU
1.0
2.5
Obninsk: e-e
Obninsk: odd-A
Obninsk: o-o
92
2.0
E (MeV)
0.8
1.5
*
FSR
0.6
Nb
0.4
0.2
1.0
0.5
0.0
100
Beijing: e-e
Beijing: odd-A
Beijing: o-o
(a)
80
90
(b)
0.0
100
0
92
Nb
31
m
2
4
6
8
J (h)
A
Fig. 8.(a) Systematics of the EDBW -ray strength functions, and (b) -ray decay scheme of 92Nb.
Finally, the calculated19 excitation functions for activation reactions
92Mo(n,)89Zrg,m, 92Mo(n,2n)91Mog,m, and 92Mo(n,n’p)91Nbm are
shown in Figs. 9-11.
92Mo(n,p)92Nbm,
0.12
92
92
m
Mo(n,p) Nb
0.10
-1
10
+
(2 )
92
Kanda (1972)
Rahman+ (1985)
Marcinkovski+ (1986)
Ikeda+ (1988)
Kobayashi+ (1988)
Liskien+ (1989)
Kimura+ (1990)
Qaim+ (1993)
Kong+ (1995)
Molla+ (1986,1997)
Debrecen (1998)
Filatenkov+ (1999)
STAPRE-H (2001)
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
91
m
Mo(n,n'p) Nb
-2
10
-
(1/2 )
 (b)
 (b)
0.08
-3
10
Greenwood+ (1987)
Liskien+ (1989)
Qaim+ (1993)
STAPRE-H (2001)
-4
10
-5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
10
20
8
10
12
En (MeV)
14
16
18
20
En (MeV)
Fig. 9. Comparison19 of experimental and calculated (n,p) and (n,n’p) cross sections of 92Mo.
92
0.08
91
92
Mo(n,2n) Mo
91
92
m
Mo(n,2n) Mo
( 1/2 )
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.0
12
14
16
18
En (MeV)
20
Minetti+ (1968)
Lu+ (1970)
Qaim (1971)
Kanda (1972)
Hasan+ (1972)
Sigg+(1975)
Fujino+ (1977)
Rao+ (1979)
Amemiya+ (1982)
Marcinkowsi+ (1986)
Ikeda+ (1988)
Bostan+ (1996)
Filatenkov+ (1999)
STAPRE-H (2001)
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.15
-
 (b)
Brolley+ (1952)
Minetti+ (1968)
Abboud+ (1969)
Qaim (1971)
Hasan+ (1972)
Kanda+ (1972)
Maslov+ (1972)
Bormann+ (1976)
Rao+ (1979)
Pepelnik+ (1985)
STAPRE-H (2001)
 (b)
+
0.06
0.6
91
Mo(n,2n) Mo
0.20
-
m(1/2 )/g(9/2 )
1.0
Brolley+ (1952)
Prasad+ (1967)
Curzio (1968)
Karolyi+ (1968)
Abboud (1969)
Qaim (1971)
Kanda (1972)
Habbani+ (1997)
STAPRE-H (2001)
0.10
0.05
0.00
13
14
15
16
17
13
14
15
En (MeV)
16
17
18
En (MeV)
Fig. 10. Comparison19 of experimental and calculated (n,2n) reaction cross sections of 92Mo.
19
M. Avrigeanu, V. Avrigeanu, and A.J.M. Plompen, J. Nucl. Sci. Eng. (to be published).
108
19
DATA EVALUATION LINKING BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH AMONG EUROPEAN CENTERS …
The agreement between calculated and the available experimental data could
be considered good in the limit of experimental errors. It is thus proved the GDH
specific account of the nuclear-density distribution. Moreover, one of the main
assumptions of the model is intra-nuclear transition rate based on average imaginary OMP,
so that no free parameter comes in and the corresponding results become more confident.
0.60
0.012
Mo(n,) Zr
89
m
92
-
( 1/2 )
Lu+ (1970)
Hasan+ (1972)
Kanda (1972)
Sigg+ (1975)
Fujino+ (1977)
Rao+ (1979)
Anemiya+ (1982)
Marcinkowski+ (1985)
Ikeda+ (1988)
Filatenko+ (1999)
STAPRE-H(2001)
0.006
0.004
92
0.01
0.00
6
8
10
12
Mo(n,) Zr
14
16
18
20
0.30
Kanda (1972)
Filatenko+ (1999
STAPRE-H (2001)
0.15
89
En (MeV)
89
+
0.008
Mo(n,) Zr
0.45
-
0.02
92
0.010
m(1/2 )/g(9/2 )
 (b)
0.03
Kanda (1972)
Qaim (1974)
Fujino+ (1977)
Rao+ (1979)
Garuska+ (1980)
Artemev+ (1980)
Anemiya+ (1982)
Pepelnik+ (1985)
Marcinkowski+ (1985)
Ikeda+ (1988)
Liskien+ (1989)
Kong+ (1991)
Molla+ (1986,1997)
Debrecen (1998)
Filatenko+ (1999)
Haight+ (1981)
STAPRE-H
 (b)
0.04
0.002
0.000
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
En (MeV)
0.00
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
En (MeV)
Fig. 11. Comparison19 of experimental and calculated (n,) reaction cross sections of 92Mo.
4. International collaboration by networking and twinning
Civil nuclear power is a major component of the energy production in Europe and
in the world. The scarcity of R&D funds and markets compels to co-ordination of the
nuclear research undertaken by the various actors, countries and organisations. A “durable”
European structure in this respect is proposed to be a network of “centres of excellence”,
of technical topics that, each one in his turn, will be organized in networks20. The
strategic orientation should be given by a Steering Committee of the network, which will
be assisted by a more operational structure (an operating agent, e.g. EC/JRC).
Reliable theoretical models and their associated parameters are needed for
computation of physical quantities that cannot be easily measured but are essential for
the design of advanced nuclear energy production systems (e.g. fusion reactors and
accelerator-driven systems) as well as for analysis of the performance of systems
intended to reduce the inventory of long-lived radioisotopes in nuclear waste. Therefore it
is important to harmonise the policies and standards of safety and environmental
protection of EEC countries and EU member states and to integrate all activities in the
domain of nuclear energy.
The IFIN-HH successful project “Inter-Disciplinary Research and Applications
based on Nuclear and Atomic Physics” (IDRANAP) under the EC/FP5/INCO2 “Support
for Centres of Excellence” 21 is actually a useful experience in this respect. This proposal,
largely guided by EC/JRC/IRMM-Geel and being finally the only one successful atomic-
20
MICHELANGELO Network: R&D needs of nuclear-energy industry and also long-term planning, EC,
Brussels, October 2000.
21 EC/FP5/INCO2 (Confirming the international role of Community research, 1998-2002) “Support for
Centres of Excellence”, Call identifier: ICFP599A1AM03, 1999-06-15 (deadline: 1999-10-15).
109
20
VLAD AVRIGEANU, MARILENA AVRIGEANU and TUDOR GLODARIU
physics project from EEC under this FP5 call, has had the following scientific, social
and economical main objectives:
 promotion in Romania of applications deriving from atomic and nuclear physics
research;
 interdisciplinary research in fields such as ecology, health, biology, science of materials;
 to ensure conditions for scientific activities where students from Romanian or regional
universities may find PhD programmes and an inspiring scientific climate to
improve their training that counteract their tendency of migration in the West.
However, negotiation of the actual contract did not take into account that the "excellence"
does not characterize the work conditions of the unit submitting the proposal
IDRANAP but the results of the staff obtained even in such conditions. Therefore, real
helpful assistance should be provided firstly for improvement of the work conditions at
the own site.
Nevertheless, development of international collaboration by networking and
twinning is decisive in order to enhance the expertise of our researchers as well as our
research infrastructure so that we may be able to participate in European programmes.
110