Carbon Chemistry
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
__D__
__A__
__A__
__B__
__D__
__A__
__C__
__B__
1. Carbon is able to bond with atoms of other elements in many different ways because it has
a. six protons.
b. four electrons.
c. six valence electrons.
d. four valence electrons.
2. An element whose atoms can make straight chains, branched chains, and rings is
a. carbon.
b. hydrogen.
c. nitrogen.
d. oxygen.
3. Which form of pure carbon is so hard that it can be used in cutting tools?
a. diamond
b. graphite
c. nanotube
d. fullerene
4. Which form of pure carbon is formed of layers that slide past one another?
a. diamond
b. graphite
c. fullerene
d. nanotube
5. What is another name for carbon compounds?
a. carbohydrates
b. fullerenes
c. hydrocarbons
d. organic compounds
6. Which is NOT typically a property of organic compounds?
a. low melting points
b. ability to conduct electricity
c. insoluble in water
d. low boiling points
7. What can you tell about methane (CH4) from its molecular formula?
a. It contains four carbon atoms.
b. It contains one hydrogen atom.
c. It contains four hydrogen atoms.
d. It forms groups of four molecules.
8. Which compounds have the same molecular formula but different structures?
a. hydrocarbons
b. isomers
c. organic compounds
d. polymers
__D__
__A__
__A__
__D__
__B__
__B__
__C__
_D___
__C__
9. How is a substituted hydrocarbon created from a hydrocarbon chain?
a. by adding an extra hydrogen atom to the chain of carbon atoms
b. by forming a double or triple bond between some carbon atoms
c. by replacing at least one carbon atom with a hydrogen atom
d. by replacing at least one hydrogen atom with an atom of another element
10. A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups is called a(n)
a. alcohol.
b. ester.
c. halogen compound.
d. organic acid.
11. Substances that provide the energy and raw materials the human body needs are
a. nutrients.
b. substituted hydrocarbons.
c. esters.
d. unsaturated hydrocarbons.
12. Which term describes the breaking down of polymers, such as starch and proteins, into monomers
the body can use?
a. reproduction
b. repair
c. growth
d. digestion
13. Proteins are nutrients used in the body mostly for
a. energy.
b. building and repairing body parts.
c. making fatty acids.
d. a source of vitamins.
14. What factor determines the primary differences among living things?
a. whether or not their bodies contain nucleic acids
b. the order of nucleotides in their DNA
c. the type of complex carbohydrates in their diet
d. the variety of proteins in their diet
15. What nutrients needed by the human body are NOT organic compounds?
a. vitamins
b. nucleic acids
c. minerals
d. simple carbohydrates
16. The organic compounds that serve as helper molecules in many of the body’s chemical reactions
are called
a. amino acids.
b. minerals.
c. nucleotides.
d. vitamins.
17. Which of these compounds has the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms on its carbon
chain?
a. hydrocarbon with double bonds
__B__ 18.
__A__ 19.
__D__ 20.
____
21.
____
22.
____
23.
____
24.
____
25.
____
26.
b. hydrocarbon with triple bonds
c. saturated hydrocarbon
d. unsaturated hydrocarbon
Compounds that contain only the elements carbon and hydrogen are called
a. carbon chains.
b. hydrocarbons.
c. isomers.
d. substituted hydrocarbons.
What property do all hydrocarbons have?
a. They burn easily.
b. They dissolve in water.
c. They make good conductors of electricity.
d. They have high melting points.
What shapes do hydrocarbons NOT form?
a. straight chains
b. branched chains
c. ring-shaped chains
d. geodesic domes
Which of the following is a property of many organic liquids?
a. They dissolve well in water.
b. They are good conductors of electricity.
c. They have strong odors.
d. They have high boiling points.
What is the shape of pure carbon fullerenes?
a. hollow tube
b. hollow ball with a pattern like a geodesic dome
c. flat layers
d. hard, solid crystal shaped like a ball
How many chemical bonds can each carbon atom form?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
In which type of substituted hydrocarbon might chlorine be the substituted atom(s)?
a. alcohol
b. ester
c. halogen compound
d. organic acid
A very large organic molecule made up of chains of smaller molecules is called a
a. monomer.
b. polymer.
c. saturated hydrocarbon.
d. substituted hydrocarbon.
The classes of organic compounds found in all living things are
a. vitamins and minerals.
____
27.
____
28.
____
29.
____
30.
b. halogen compounds, alcohols, organic acids, and esters.
c. simple carbohydrates and hydrocarbons.
d. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Which class of polymers present in living things consists of chains of amino acids?
a. lipids
b. proteins
c. nucleic acids
d. complex carbohydrates
A carbohydrate is made up of the elements carbon and hydrogen, plus
a. oxygen.
b. oxygen and nitrogen.
c. oxygen and sulfur.
d. oxygen and phosphorus.
Which class of organic compounds stores the most energy, gram for gram?
a. proteins
b. nucleic acids
c. lipids
d. carbohydrates
Starch is an example of a
a. nucleic acid.
b. protein.
c. simple carbohydrate.
d. complex carbohydrate.
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
31. One reason ____________________ can form so many compounds is that the same number of
atoms can be bonded in different arrangements.
32. The arrangement of carbon atoms in a(n) ____________________ resembles the pattern on a
soccer ball.
33. The rainbow-colored film that gasoline or oil forms on a puddle is one indication that
hydrocarbons are not ____________________.
34. Two compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures are called
____________________.
35. In a(n) ______________________________, atoms of other elements replace one or more
hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon.
36. The simplest kind of carbohydrate is a(n) ____________________.
37. Your body can digest starch, but another common complex carbohydrate,
____________________, passes through your body undigested.
38. Vitamins are organic compounds that serve as _________________________ in a variety of
chemical reactions in the body.
39. When one carbon atom is bonded with several other carbon atoms in a single line, the structure is
described as a(n) ____________________.
40. Graphite, fullerenes, nanotubes, and ____________________ are four forms of the element
carbon.
41. Polymers that are produced in factories instead of by living things are called
____________________ polymers.
42. In a molecular formula, the ____________________ indicates how many atoms of a particular
element are present in each molecule of a compound.
43. An organic acid is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more
_________________________ in place of a hydrogen atom.
44. Amino acids are the building blocks that make up ____________________.
45. The simple carbohydrate that is present in the blood and that circulates throughout the body is
____________________.
46. Elements needed by the human body in small amounts are called ____________________.
47. An organic compound that contains one or more double or triple bonds is described as being
____________________.
48. The compound formed by the chemical combination of an organic acid and an alcohol is a(n)
____________________.
49. Cellulose and ____________________ are two common complex carbohydrates made from
simple carbohydrates.
50. The monomers that make up DNA molecules are called ____________________.
Short Answer
Use the diagram to answer each question.
51. Which of the structures is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
52. Which of the structures is a substituted hydrocarbon?
53. Which two structures have the same molecular formula? What is the formula?
54. Explain how structural formulas like the ones in this diagram provide more information than just a
molecular formula alone.
55. Which of the four molecules are hydrocarbons?
56. Identify which molecule has a branched structure and which has a ring structure.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
57. Which of the hydrocarbons has the highest boiling point?
58. Which of the hydrocarbons has the lowest boiling point?
59. Which of the hydrocarbons have (has) five carbons?
60. What is the basic difference in structure between Compounds D and C?
61. Compare the boiling points of the hydrocarbons having the same number of carbon atoms. What
pattern does this graph show for each pair of compounds?
62. Based on the evidence in this graph, how does the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon affect
its boiling point?
Essay
63. Explain why more compounds can be made from carbon than from most other elements.
64. Explain why vitamins are an important part of a person’s diet even though they do not directly
provide energy or raw materials for the body.
Carbon Chemistry
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS:
STO:
2. ANS:
STO:
3. ANS:
STO:
4. ANS:
STO:
5. ANS:
STO:
6. ANS:
STO:
7. ANS:
STO:
8. ANS:
STO:
9. ANS:
STO:
10. ANS:
STO:
11. ANS:
STO:
12. ANS:
STO:
13. ANS:
STO:
14. ANS:
STO:
15. ANS:
STO:
16. ANS:
STO:
17. ANS:
STO:
18. ANS:
STO:
19. ANS:
STO:
20. ANS:
D
DIF: L2
3.4.7.A.1
A
DIF: L1
3.4.7.A.1
A
DIF: L2
3.4.7.A
B
DIF: L1
3.4.7.A
D
DIF: L2
3.4.7.A
A
DIF: L3
3.4.7.A
C
DIF: L2
3.4.7.A
B
DIF: L1
3.4.7.A
D
DIF: L2
3.4.7.A
A
DIF: L1
3.4.7.A
A
DIF: L1
3.4.7.A
D
DIF: L3
3.8.7.B.2, 3.6.7.A.2, 3.4.7.A
B
DIF: L2
3.4.7.A
B
DIF: L1
3.4.7.A
C
DIF: L2
3.4.7.A
D
DIF: L1
3.4.7.A
C
DIF: L2
3.4.7.A
B
DIF: L1
3.4.7.A
A
DIF: L2
3.4.7.A
D
DIF: L1
REF: p. L-123
OBJ: L.4.1.1
REF: p. L-123
OBJ: L.4.1.1
REF: p. L-124
OBJ: L.4.1.2
REF: p. L-124
OBJ: L.4.1.2
REF: p. L-127
OBJ: L.4.2.1
REF: p. L-127
OBJ: L.4.2.1
REF: p. L-128
OBJ: L.4.2.2
REF: p. L-130
OBJ: L.4.2.3
REF: p. L-132
OBJ: L.4.2.3
REF: p. L-132
OBJ: L.4.2.3
REF: p. L-137
OBJ: L.4.3.1
REF: p. L-139
OBJ: L.4.3.2
REF: p. L-141
OBJ: L.4.3.2
REF: p. L-144
OBJ: L.4.3.2
REF: p. L-144
OBJ: L.4.3.2
REF: p. L-144
OBJ: L.4.3.2
REF: p. L-131
OBJ: L.4.2.3
REF: p. L-128
OBJ: L.4.2.2
REF: p. L-128
OBJ: L.4.2.2
REF: p. L-129
OBJ: L.4.2.3
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
STO:
ANS:
STO:
ANS:
STO:
ANS:
STO:
ANS:
STO:
ANS:
STO:
ANS:
STO:
ANS:
STO:
ANS:
STO:
ANS:
STO:
ANS:
STO:
3.4.7.A
C
DIF: L1
3.4.7.A
B
DIF: L2
3.4.7.A
D
DIF: L2
3.4.7.A.1
C
DIF: L3
3.4.7.A
B
DIF: L1
3.4.7.A
D
DIF: L1
3.4.7.A
B
DIF: L2
3.4.7.A
A
DIF: L1
3.4.7.A
C
DIF: L1
3.4.7.A
D
DIF: L2
3.8.7.B.2, 3.6.7.A.2, 3.4.7.A
REF: p. L-127
OBJ: L.4.2.1
REF: p. L-125
OBJ: L.4.1.2
REF: p. L-123
OBJ: L.4.1.1
REF: p. L-132
OBJ: L.4.2.3
REF: p. L-134
OBJ: L.4.2.4
REF: p. L-137
OBJ: L.4.3.1
REF: p. L-140
OBJ: L.4.3.2
REF: p. L-137
OBJ: L.4.3.2
REF: p. L-141
OBJ: L.4.3.2
REF: p. L-139
OBJ: L.4.3.2
COMPLETION
31. ANS: carbon
DIF: L2
32. ANS: fullerene
REF: p. L-123
OBJ: L.4.1.1
STO: 3.4.7.A.1
DIF: L3
33. ANS:
soluble
soluble in water
REF: p. L-125
OBJ: L.4.1.2
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L3
34. ANS: isomers
REF: p. L-128
OBJ: L.4.2.2
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L1
REF: p. L-130
35. ANS: substituted hydrocarbon
OBJ: L.4.2.3
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L1
36. ANS: sugar
REF: p. L-132
OBJ: L.4.2.3
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L1
37. ANS: cellulose
REF: p. L-137
OBJ: L.4.3.1
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L2
REF: p. L-140
38. ANS: helper molecules
OBJ: L.4.3.2
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L1
REF: p. L-144
39. ANS: straight chain
OBJ: L.4.3.2
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L2
40. ANS: diamond
REF: p. L-123
OBJ: L.4.1.1
STO: 3.4.7.A.1
DIF: L2
41. ANS: synthetic
REF: p. L-124
OBJ: L.4.1.2
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L2
42. ANS: subscript
REF: p. L-134
OBJ: L.4.2.4
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L2
REF: p. L-128
43. ANS: carboxyl groups
OBJ: L.4.2.2
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L1
44. ANS: proteins
REF: p. L-132
OBJ: L.4.2.3
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L2
45. ANS: glucose
REF: p. L-140
OBJ: L.4.3.2
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L2
46. ANS: minerals
REF: p. L-137
OBJ: L.4.3.1
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L1
47. ANS: unsaturated
REF: p. L-144
OBJ: L.4.3.2
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L2
48. ANS: ester
REF: p. L-131
OBJ: L.4.2.3
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L3
49. ANS: starch
REF: p. L-133
OBJ: L.4.2.4
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L2
REF: p. L-138
STO: 3.8.7.B.2, 3.6.7.A.2, 3.4.7.A
50. ANS: nucleotides
OBJ: L.4.3.2
DIF:
SHORT ANSWER
L3
REF: p. L-144
OBJ: L.4.3.2
STO: 3.4.7.A
51. ANS:
C
DIF: L2
52. ANS:
D
REF: p. L-131
OBJ: L.4.2.3
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L3
53. ANS:
A and C; C5H10
REF: p. L-132
OBJ: L.4.2.3
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L2
REF: p. L-128
OBJ: L.4.2.2
STO: 3.4.7.A
54. ANS:
A molecular formula indicates the number and type of atoms in the compound. The structural
formula gives that information and also indicates the arrangement of the atoms.
DIF: L3
55. ANS:
A, B, and C
REF: p. L-129
OBJ: L.4.2.3
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L2
REF: p. L-128
56. ANS:
Branched: B; ring: A
OBJ: L.4.2.2
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L2
57. ANS:
Compound H
REF: p. L-123
OBJ: L.4.1.1
STO: 3.4.7.A.1
DIF: L2
58. ANS:
Compound A
REF: p. L-130
OBJ: L.4.2.1
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L2
REF: p. L-130
59. ANS:
Compounds E and F
OBJ: L.4.2.1
STO: 3.4.7.A
DIF: L2
REF: p. L-129
OBJ: L.4.2.3
STO: 3.4.7.A
60. ANS:
Compound D is a straight-chain structure, and Compound C is a branched-chain structure.
DIF: L2
REF: p. L-129
OBJ: L.4.2.3
STO: 3.4.7.A
61. ANS:
For each pair of hydrocarbons with the same number of carbons, the unbranched form has a higher
boiling point than the branched form.
DIF:
L3
REF: p. L-129
OBJ: L.4.2.3
STO: 3.4.7.A
62. ANS:
The more carbon atoms a hydrocarbon has, the higher its boiling point is.
DIF:
L3
REF: p. L-129
OBJ: L.4.2.3
STO: 3.4.7.A
ESSAY
63. ANS:
Each carbon atom can form four bonds. In addition, carbon atoms can bond to one another in
straight chains, branched structures, and rings. Because so many physical structures can be built
from these arrangements, more compounds can be formed from carbon than from most other
elements.
DIF: L3
REF: p. L-123
OBJ: L.4.1.1
STO: 3.4.7.A.1
64. ANS:
Unlike the major nutrients, which are needed in large amounts, vitamins are needed in only small
amounts. Vitamins serve as helper molecules for many chemical reactions that must take place in
order for the body to be healthy. For example, vitamin C is needed to keep skin and gums healthy.
Vitamin D is needed for strong bones and teeth.
DIF:
L3
REF: p. L-144
OBJ: L.4.3.2
STO: 3.4.7.A