BRANCHIOPODA
ANOSTRACA AND SPINICAUDATA
NICOLAS RABET
Laboratoire de Zoologie
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - Paris
ALAIN THIÉRY
Laboratoire de Biologie Animale - Hydrobiologie
Université d'Avignon
Order Anostraca Sars, 1867
Family Thamnocephalidae Linder, 1941
Genus Dendrocephalus Daday, 1908
Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921
Synonymy: Lutz, 1929: 4.
Description and diagnosis: Belk & Brtek, 1995: 334; Rabet & Thiéry, 1996: 497.
References: Pesta, 1921: 93, fig. 5; Lutz, 1929: 4, figs. 1-2; Linder, 1941: 273, fig. 41; Coelho & Araújo, 1982: 76;
Lemos de Castro & Lima, 1986: 43, figs. 1-19; Belk & Brtek, 1995: 334; Rabet & Thiéry, 497: figs.
1-2, 9, 13-15.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (PI, RN, PB, BA, MG) and Argentina.
Comments: In typical ephemeral rainpools and in fishbreeding tanks; short life cycle (from 8 to 30 days).
Dendrocephalus goiasensis Rabet & Thiéry, 1996
Description and diagnosis: Rabet & Thiéry, 1996: 492.
References: Rabet & Thiéry, 1996: 492, figs. 1-2, 10-12, 15.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (GO).
Comments: Inhabits some ephemeral rain pools in the cerrado ecosystem.
Dendrocephalus orientalis Rabet & Thiéry, 1996
Description and diagnosis: Rabet & Thiéry, 1996: 481.
References: Rabet & Thiéry, 1996: 481, figs. 1-9, 15.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (PB, AL, BA).
Comments: Conditions of life as Dendrocephalus brasiliensis.
Family Branchinectidae Daday, 1910

RABET, N. & THIÉRY, A., 1998. Branchiopoda. Anostraca and Spinicaudata. In: YOUNG, P.S. (ed.).
Catalogue of Crustacea of Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Museu Nacional. p. 3-10. (Série Livros n. 6).
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CATALOGUE OF CRUSTACEA OF BRAZIL
Genus Branchinecta Verrill, 1869
Branchinecta iheringi Lilljeborg, 1889
Description and diagnosis: Lilljeborg, 1889: 424; Cesar, 1988: 101.
References: Lilljeborg, 1889: 424; Ihering, 1895: 176; Daday, 1910: 165; Linder, 1941: 193, fig. 21; Cesar, 1988:
101; Belk & Brtek, 1995: 319.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (RS), Uruguay, and Argentina.
Family Artemiidae Grochowski, 1896
Genus Artemia Leach, 1819
Artemia franciscana Kellogg, 1906
Description and diagnosis: Daday, 1910: 114.
References: Costa, 1972: 1, figs. 1-7, 8-10; Machado, 1977: 175, fig. 1; Abreu-Grobois & Beardmore, 1980: 134;
Alayse-Danet, 1980: 259; Beck et al., 1980: 249; Bruggeman et al., 1980: 267; Costa & Vergara,
1980: 43; Johns et al., 1980: 291; Klein Mc Phee et al., 1980: 305; Olney et al., 1980: 343; Schauer et
al., 1980: 365; Seidel et al., 1980: 375; Soejima et al., 1980: 616; Tobias et al., 1980: 383; Vanhaecke
& Sorgeloos, 1980: 395; Camara & Castro, 1983: 145; Machado, 1984: 1, figs. 1-13, tabs. 1-2; Lavens
et al., 1986: 197; Sorgeloos et al., 1986: 19; Abreu-Grobois, 1987: 90; Amat et al., 1987: 426;
Bernaerts et al., 1987: 3; Camara & Medeiros Rocha, 1987: 195; Cowgill et al., 1987: 173; Gallego et
al., 1987: 427; Guimarães & Lira do Rego, 1987: 479; Léger et al., 1987: 363; Mc Lean et al., 1987:
489; Requintina & Simpson, 1987: 158; Robin et al., 1987: 438; Ronsivalli & Simpson, 1987: 504;
Schrehardt, 1987a: 6, figs. 1-92, tab. 1; 1987b: 33; Tackaert et al., 1987: 242; Thoen et al., 1987: 310;
Vanhaecke et al., 1987: 137, fig. 1, tab. 5; Vinaeta Arana, 1987: 8; Wolf et al., 1987: 221; Medeiros
Rocha & Camara, 1988: 21; Medeiros Rocha, 1990: 439; Martinez et al., 1992: 229; Rabet & Thiéry,
1996: 501.
Geographic distribution: Circumtropical and temperate. Brazil (CE, RN, RJ).
Comments: Specific status uncertain. This species is found in Brazilian coastal saltworks and has economic
interest especially for production of cysts used in aquaculture. In the north Brazilian solar salterns
Artemia sp. was infected by a microsporidian, Vavraia anostraca (Martinez et al., 1992).
Order Spinicaudata Linder, 1945
Family Limnadiidae Burmeister, 1843
Genus Eulimnadia Packard, 1871
Eulimnadia antillarum (Baird, 1852)
Description and diagnosis: Baird, 1852: 30; Daday, 1926: 13.
References: Lilljeborg, 1889: 424; Ihering, 1895: 173; Daday, 1926: 14, fig. 127; Martin, 1989: 111.
Geographic distribution: Santo Domingo, West Indies, Mexico, and Brazil (RS).
Eulimnadia brasiliensis Sars, 1902
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1902: 3; Daday, 1926: 58.
References: Ihering, 1895: 174 (as E. texana); Sars, 1902: 3; Lutz et al, 1918: 169; Daday, 1926: 58, fig. 142; Martin,
1989: 111, fig. 4.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (SP, PR) and Argentina.
Comments: Inhabits temporary pools like all species of the genus.
Eulimnadia texana Packard, 1871
Description and diagnosis: Daday, 1926: 45.
References: Daday, 1926: 45, fig. 138; Martin, 1989: 111.
Geographic distribution: USA and Brazil (SP).
BRANCHIOPODA. ANOSTRACA AND SPINICAUDATA
5
Comments: Presence of this species in Brazil is doubtful (Daday 1926: 60).
Family Cyzicidae Stebbing, 1910
Genus Cyzicus Audouin 1837
Cyzicus brasiliensis (Baird, 1849)
Description and diagnosis: Baird, 1849: 89; Daday, 1914: 327.
References: Baird, 1849: 89, fig. 4; Ihering, 1895: 172; Daday, 1914: 327, fig. 78.
Geographic distribution: Brazil and Argentina.
Comments: Brief description based only on the shell morphology.
Cyzicus dallasii (Baird, 1852)
Description and diagnosis: Baird, 1852: 30; Daday, 1914: 329.
References: Baird, 1852: 30, Fig. 5; Ihering, 1895: 172; Daday, 1914: 329, fig. 81.
Geographic distribution: Brazil and Argentina.
Comments: Brief description with a doubtl locality in Brazil.
Family Cyclestheriidae Sars, 1887
Genus Cyclestheria Sars, 1887
Cyclestheria hislopi (Baird, 1859)
Description and diagnosis: Baird, 1859: 232; Daday, 1926: 76.
References: Weltner, 1898: 199; Lutz et al., 1918: 170; Lutz, 1929: 5, fig. 3; Brehm & Thomsen, 1936: 212; Brehm,
1937: 33; 1938: 94; Junk, 1973: 12.
Geographic distribution: Circumtropical. Brazil (AM, RN, PE, MT, SP).
Comments: Its populations, most frequently, are parthenogenetic. It is the most common Spinicaudata from
Brazil. It lives in permanent or semi-permanent pools, and is frequently associated with water
hyacinths in rivers.
References
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Characterization, Toxicology. Universa Press, Wetteren.
Abreu-Grobois, F.A. & Beardmore, J.A. 1980. International Study on Artemia II. Genetic characterization of
Artemia populations: an electrophoretic approach: 133-146. In: Sorgeloos, P., Bengtson, D.A., Decleir, W.
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Alayse-Danet, A.M. 1980. Aspartate transcarbamylase in Artemia during early stages of development:
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Amat, F., Hontoria, F. & Navarro, J.C. 1987. International Study on Artemia XLIV. Preliminary nutritional
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P., Bengtson, D.A., Decleir, W. & Jaspers, E. (eds.). Artemia Research and its Applications. 3: Ecology,
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Baird, W. 1849. Monograph of the Family Limnadiadae, a family of Entomostracous Crustacea. Proceedings
of the Zoological Society of London 17: 84-91, pl. 11.
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Division Entomostraca, with a description of a new genus and species of the family, and two new species
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CATALOGUE OF CRUSTACEA OF BRAZIL
belonging to the Family Limnadiadae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 20: 18-31, pls.
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Beck, A.D., Bengtson, D.A. & Howell, W.H. 1980. International Study on Artemia V. Nutritional value of five
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and its applications. 2. Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular biology. Universa Press, Wetteren.
Brehm, V. 1937. Brasilianische Cladoceren, gesammelt von Dr. O. Schubart 2. Internationale Revue der
Gesamten Hydrobiologie u Hydrographie 35: 497-512.
Brehm, V. 1938. Dritter Bericht über von Dr. O. Schubart in Brasilien gesammelten Onychura. Zoologischer
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nordeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 1 (3): 145-147.
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Variations in chemical composition of Artemia cysts from three geographical locations: 173-188. In:
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Zoologie, 9 série, 9: 91-489.
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Zoologie, 10 série, 20: 39-330.
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Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, 10 série, 9: 1-81.
Gallego, M.E., Medina, R., Cruces, J., Dominguez, E., Sebastian, J. & Renart, J. 1987. Ribosomal RNA gene types
in Artemia: 423-432. In: Sorgeloos, P., Bengtson, D.A., Decleir, W. & Jaspers, E. (eds.). Artemia Research
and its Applications, vol. 2: Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology. Universa Press, Wetteren.
Guimarães, J.I. & Lira do Rego, F. 1987. The use of freeze-dried Artemia as food for penaeid shrimp larvae:
479-483. In: Sorgeloos, P., Bengtson, D.A., Decleir, W. & Jaspers, E. (eds.). Artemia Research and its
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Johns, D.M., Peters, M.E. & Beck, A.D. 1980. International Study on Artemia VI. Nutritional value of
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BRANCHIOPODA. ANOSTRACA AND SPINICAUDATA
7
Brachyuran larvae: 291-304. In: Sorgeloos, P., Bengtson, D.A., Decleir, W. & Jaspers, E. (eds.). The Brine
Shrimp Artemia. 3. Ecology, Culturing, Use in Aquaculture. Universa Press, Wetteren.
Junk, W.J. 1973. Investigations on the ecology and production-biology of the "floating meadows" (Paspalo Echinochloetum) on the Middle Amazon. Part. II. The aquatic fauna in the root zone of floating vegetation.
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Klein Mc Phee, G., Howell, W.H. & Beck, A.D. 1980. International Study on Artemia VII. Nutritional value of
five geographical strains of Artemia to winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus larvae: 305-312.
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Lavens, P., Tackaert, W. & Sorgeloos, P. 1986. International Study on Artemia XLI. Influence of culture
conditions and specific diapause deactivation methods on the hatchability of Artemia cysts produced in
a standard culture system. Marine Ecology - Progress Series 31: 197-203.
Léger, P., Bengtson, D.A., Sorgeloos, P., Simpson, K.L. & Beck, A.D. 1987. The nutritional value of Artemia: a
review: 357-372. In: Sorgeloos, P., Bengtson, D.A., Decleir, W. & Jaspers, E. (eds.). Artemia Research and
its Applications. 3. Ecology, Culturing, Use in Aquaculture. Universa Press, Wetteren.
Lemos de Castro, A. & Lima, I.M.B. 1986. Sobre um crustáceo anostráceo reencontrado no estado do Rio
Grande do Norte, Brasil (Crustacea, Branchiopoda). Anais do VII Congresso Brasileiro de Zoologia,
Publicações Avulsas do Museu Nacional (66): 43-54.
Lilljeborg, W. Von. 1889. Diagnosen zweier Phyllopoden-Arten aus Süd-Brasilien. Abhandlungen hrsg. vom
Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 10: 424.
Linder, F. 1941. Contributions to the morphology and taxonomy of the Branchiopoda Anostraca. Zoologiska
Bidrag från Uppsala 20: 102-302, 1 pl.
Lutz, A. 1929. Dois phyllopodos, observados no Rio Grande do Norte. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 5:
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com volta por Buenos Aires, Montevideo e Rio Grande. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 10(2):
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Machado, W.L. 1977. Ocorrência e importância econômica de Artemia salina Leach, 1812 no Estado do
Ceará. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar 17(2): 175.
Machado, W.L. 1984. Avaliação do potencial salineiro para cultivo de Artemia no estado do Ceará (Brasil).
Arquivos de Ciências do Mar 39: 1-21.
Martin, J.W. 1989. Eulimnadia belki, a new clam shrimp from Cozumel, Mexico (Conchostraca: Limnadiidae),
with a review of Central and South American species of the genus Eulimnadia. Journal of Crustacean
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Microsporidiosis on Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca): light and electron microscopy of Vavraia anostraca
sp. nov. (Microsporidia, Pleistophoridae) in the Brazilian solar salterns. Aquaculture 107: 229-237.
McLean, S., Olney, C.E. & Simpson, K.L. 1987. International study on Artemia XLV. The effects of
cis-chlordane and dieldrin on the food chain Artemia to winter flounder: 489-501. In: Sorgeloos, P.,
Bengtson, D.A., Decleir, W. & Jaspers, E. (eds.). Artemia Research and its Applications 3: Ecology,
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Medeiros Rocha, R. de & Camara, M.R. 1988. Artemia Culture: Beneficial role in salt production. Abstracts,
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Comparison of the chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals in five different strains of newly hatched
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CATALOGUE OF CRUSTACEA OF BRAZIL
Rabet, N. & Thiery, A. 1996. The neotropical genus Dendrocephalus (Crustacea: Anostraca,
Thamnocephalidae) in Brazil (South America), with a description of two new species. Journal of Natural
History 30: 479-503.
Requintina, P.J.D. & Simpson, K.L. 1987. International Study on Artemia XLV. Geographical and
development changes in isozymes of Artemia as separated by isoelectrofocusing: 157-165. In: Sorgeloos,
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energy content and fatty acid composition of the cysts and newly hatched nauplii from five geographical
strains of Artemia: 365-373. In: Sorgeloos, P., Bengtson, D.A., Decleir, W. & Jaspers, E. (eds.). The Brine
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Schrehardt, A. 1987a. A scanning electron-microscope study of the post-embryonic development of Artemia:
5-32. In: Sorgeloos, P., Bengtson, D.A., Decleir, W. & Jaspers, E. (eds.). Artemia Research and its
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Schrehardt, A. 1987b. Ultrastructural investigations of the fifter-feeding apparatus and alimentary canal of
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Aquaculture. Universa Press, Wetteren.
Soejima T., Katayana, T. & Simpson, K.L. 1980. International Study on Artemia XII. The carotenoid
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