Read the passages and fill in the spaces with suitable
 More recent genetic studies have claimed that the age of the father at conception is linked to the
likelihood of "de novo mutations" developing in their children. De novo mutations are when a gene
becomes present in a family for the first time ______________a mutation in the egg or sperm from one
of the parents.
a) with reference of
c) as a result of
b) in accordance to
d) followed by
 The lungs of individuals who have a smoking history of 20 pack years - the equivalent to smoking one
pack a day for 20 years - are usually deemed ______________ for organ donation.
a) inevitable
c) inestimable
b) inequitable
d) ineligible
 As heart disease continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the United States, practitioners
and patients alike are looking into ______________ to assist with early detection.
a) proper available treatment
c) the issue what the condition results in
b) risk factors hoping to identify new clues
d) morbidity and mortality rates
 Abscessed or infected teeth are often removed before heart surgery, as this decreases the risk of
infection during surgery and decreases the risk of an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart - called
endocarditis - following surgery. But although it is standard practice to remove bad teeth prior to heart
surgery,________________. The new study set out to evaluate what harms may be associated with
dental extraction before cardiovascular surgery.
a) it has been banned in majority of countries
b) its proponents withdrew their approval
c) the incidence of the procedure is again on the increase
d) there is only limited evidence that supports this practice
Read the text and fill in each gap with the most appropriate sentence part provided below.
Cancer patients turning to mass media, non-experts for info
< adapted from: Science Daily >
The increasing use of expensive medical imaging procedures in the US like positron emission tomography scans
1_______, in part, by patient decisions made after obtaining information from lay media and non-experts, and
not from health care providers. The study sought to understand what drives cancer patients 2. _______, to help
inform interventions or policies to stem their overuse. The authors theorized that exposure to cancer-related
information may play a role. They suggested that the potential benefit of new medical technologies 3. _______
in the lay media and may promote positive attitudes toward the role of imaging technology such as PET. The
study looked at 4. _______: information seeking from non-clinician sources
(e.g., TV, radio, books, brochures, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, family members, friends, co-workers,
support groups and other non-expert sources) and patient-clinician information engagement (e.g., treating
physicians, other physicians or health professionals). They found that seeking information from nonmedical
sources was predictive 5. _______ while patient-clinician information engagement was not. They noted that the
overall use of PET scans for routine surveillance seems modest (10-11% of those cancer patients 6. _______),
however this level of PET overuse may be problematic at the population level because of the large and growing
number of cancer survivors. 7. _______ cancer survivors, health care providers, and health policy in the practice
of advanced imaging use for routine follow-up, the authors conclude, while raising a follow-up question: Are
PET promotional materials used by health care facilities misstating the benefits of PET given that the use of
PET imaging for routine cancer surveillance is inconsistent with clinical practice guidelines for most
malignancies? "Policies or professional guidelines may be necessary to ensure that health care facilities
8. _______ the appropriate forms of cancer follow-up to patients."
1.
a) is related
b) is being driven
c) is being advocated
d) is reflected
2.
a) to undergo this innocuous practice
b) away from traditional treatments
c) to seek such unbecoming procedures
d) towards preventive measures
3.
a) attracts widespread criticism
b) receives substantial attention
c) stirs common bafflement
d) gets underrated in
4.
a) two variables
b) a number of variables
c) untold variables
d) subsequent variables
5.
a) in terms of sparse PET scan use
b) of patient non-compliance
c) of subsequent reported PET scan use
d) in majority of patients
6.
a) examined
b) included
c) instigated
d) surveyed
7.
a) The study results may detrimentally affect
b) The findings may have important implications for
c) Unlikely as it seems, the drawn conclusions will prove counter-effective for
d) Highlighting the main points, there is a good perspective for
8.
a) convey accurate and reliable facts about
b) increase their expenditure on modern technology
c) are increasingly implausible
d) do not exceed the number of procedures related to