RADIOBIOLOBY AND RAD PROTECTION CD #3 reviewed Oct 2006
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POWER POINT FOR CD # 3 AND CHAP 5 – STAT.
#1 – RADIATION EFFECTS DIAGRAM
The damage can start at the cellular level – early or late effects
This type of reactions in NOT usually found in diagnostic radiation
#3
APPLICATIONS OF DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
1. THERAPTEUTIC USE IN TREATIN MALIGNANT DISEASES
2. UNDERSTANDING BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF LOW DOSE RADIATION
#5 – DOSE RESPONSE CURVES
# 7 – LINEAR NON THRESHOLD
ASSUMES ANY AMOUNT OF RADIATION IS CAPABLE OF CAUSING A
BIOLOGIC RESPONSE
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RADIATION DOSE AND BIOLOGIC
RESPONSE IS CONSIDERED TO BE DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
# 8 HAND PHOTO – ACUTE EFFECTS (XRAY DERMATITIS)
EFFECTS SEEN WITHIN MINUTES, HOURS, DAYS WEEKS
# 9 4 STAGES OF ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME
PRODROMAL
LATENT PERIOD
MANIFEST ILLNESS
RECOVERY OR DEATH
PRODROMAL – WHOLE BODY DOSE –
OCCURS WITHIN HOURS OF 1 GY (100 rad)
NAUSEA, VOMITING, DIARRHEA, FATIQUE
DECREASED IN WBC’S
LASTS A FEW HOURS – TO SEVERAL DAYS
LATENT – NOT FEEL ANY SYMPTOMS
LASTS ABOUT 1 WEEK
WIDE RANGE OF SYMPTOMS – LEADING TO
APATHY, CONFUSTION, EPILATION , WBC
DECREASE, DIARREHEA, HEADACHES, TO CARDIOVASCULAR
COLLAPSE
MANIFEST ILLNESS -
RECOVERY OR DEATH – DEPENDS OF AMOUNT OF DAMAGE –
DEATH WILL NOT USUALLY OCCUR UNDER 1 GY
RADIOBIOLOBY AND RAD PROTECTION CD #3 reviewed Oct 2006
SUB LEATHAL 2 – 3 GY (May have recovery)
SUPERLEATHAL 6 –10 GY
SURVIVAL DOES NOT MEAN END OF EFFECTS –
CAN EFFECT THE FUTURE GENERATIONS (GENETIC EFFECTS)
OR RESULT IN CANCER
CHERYNOBYL POWER PLANT IN RUSSIA – EXPLOEDE 1986
2 PEOPLE DIED INSTANTLY
29 PEOPLE DIED WITHIN 3 MONTHS FROM BURNS AND
SEVERE INJURIES – WHOLE BODY DOSE OF 6+ GY
200 HAD ACUTE RADIATION ILLNESS – DOSE EXCEEDING 1 SV
MASS EVAUCATIONS OF OVER 100,000 PEOPLE
MAY RESULT IN OVER 20,000 MALIGNANCIES
10 YEARS LATER MANY THYROID CANCERS HAVE
BEEN SEEN IN CHILDREN
ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME – TOTAL BODY EXPOSURE
HEMATOPOIETIC SYNDROME (BONE MARROW)GASTROINTESTINAL SYNDROME
CEREBROVASCULAR SYNDROME
HEMATOPOIETIC SYNDROME (BONE MARROW)- ( 1 – 10 GY)
( SURVIVE 6-8 WEEKS
RESPONSIBLE FOR MANUFACTURING THE RED BLOOD CELLS
(SMALL AMT FROM SPLEEN AND THYMUS)
BLOOD CELLS – 4 TYPES
Red blood cells ( Erythrocytes – most numerous mature)
2 types of white blood cells
platelet cells
originate from a “special type of stem cell”
stem cells are the most radiosensitive
Red blood cells ( Erythrocytes – most numerous mature)
Spend 8 – 10 days in bone marrow
Red blood cells carry oxygen to organs (lungs + Body)
4 month life span makes them more radioresistant
.5 gy (50 rad) can decrease # of RBC’s = anemia
so prevents them from transporting oxygen effiecently
contain no nucleus – mature cells least radiosensitive
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RADIOBIOLOBY AND RAD PROTECTION CD #3 reviewed Oct 2006
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2 types of White blood cells (leukocytes)
# 15 - lymphocytes – produce antibodies (live about max 24 hours)
defense against disease – more susseible to infections
damage seen at .25 gy (25 rad)
200 rad – recovery can take several months
# 16 - granulocytes (neutorphilic and eosinophilic)
act to protect the body from disease
damage can lower the body’s defenses and increase infection
# 17 -platelet cells – thrombocytes (blood clotting) stop hemmorage
5 days in bone marrow (most resistant to radiation )
- live about 30 days
can be lessend by doses of 50 rad and take several months to
recover
MOST PROBLEMS DO NOT OCCUR IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIATION
ALTHOUGH THERE ARE STUDIES THAT SHOW CHROMSOME
ABBERATIONS IN PATIENTS THAT UNDERWENT DIAGNOSTIC
RADIOGRAPHY PROCEDURES
IN THERAPY –
PATIENT CAN HAVE A DROP IN BLOOD CELL COUNT – AND ARE
MONITORED
MOST RADIOSENSTIVE ORGAN SYSTEM IN BODY
OCCURS WITH WHOLE BODY – 20 GY EXPOSURE
EXPOSURES BELOW 1 GY –
CAN HAVE RECOVERY WITHIN A FEW WEEKS
MOST LEVELS NOT ACHIEVED IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY
IN THEARY – A PATIENT’S BLOOD CELL COUNT IS MONITORED
GASTROINTESTINAL SYNDROME – 6- 10 GY
SURVIVE 3 TO 10 DAYS
CEREBROVASCULAR SYNDROME – ABOVE 50 GY (SURVIVAL HOURS TO
3DAYS)
RADIOBIOLOBY AND RAD PROTECTION CD #3 reviewed Oct 2006
# 29 – FETAL EFFECTS see additional infor at end of slide show
MOST SENISTIVE IN FIRST TRIMESTER - LARGE NUMBER OR STEM
CELLS
FIRST TWO WEEKS – DEATH BY SPONTANEOUS ABORTION
A DOSE OF 10 RAD (.10 GY) - EXPECTED DEATH RATE OCCURS AT 10%
HIGHER THAN THAT WOULD NORMALLY EXIST.
STUDIES SHOW THAT HIGH DOSES MAY SHOW BIOLOGIC EFFECTS IDENTICAL TO THOSE THAT OCCUR NATURALLY
CHILDREN IN UTEREO OF JAPAN BOMBING – HIGHER OCCURANCE OF
MENTAL RETARDATION (DURING 8-15 WEEKS GESTATION)
LEUKEMIA – MAY OCCURE MORE IN FIRST TRIMESTER RADIATION
# 35
LD 50/30
50% OF POPULATION WILL DIE IN 30 DAYS
NO RESPONSE AT 1 GY (100 RAD)
RESPONSE SEEN AT 3 GY - 300 RAD
AT 6 GY – NO ONE IS EXPECTED TO SURVIVE
# 36 CHART OF SPECIES SURVIVAL RATES
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