1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
MODULE 3. INTRODUCTION TO SURGERY. URGENT SURGICAL STANY.
Basic of anesthesiology and resuscitation.
What method of sterilization of surgical instruments the most reliable?
A. Autoclaving.
B. Liquid steam.
C. Germicidal lamps.
D. In dry heat thermostat.
E. Boiling.
ANSWER: D
Specify the location of puncture for spinal anesthesia for surgery on the perineum
A. D12 -L1
B. D11 -D12
C. L4 -L5
D. L2 - L3
E. L3 - L4
ANSWER: D
What is the purpose of using muscle relaxants in anesthesiology?
A. For potentiation of narcotics.
B. To block autonomic responses.
C. To stabilize gaemodynamics.
D. To stabilize breathing.
E. For immobilization and intubation of the trachea.
ANSWER: E
Sterilization of dressing?
A. Autoclaving.
B. Steam formalin.
C. Germicidal lamps.
D. In dry heat thermostat.
E. Repeated washing.
ANSWER: A
What type of anesthesia include anesthetics in the area for retroperitoneal plexus?
A. The local infiltrative.
B. regional.
C. intravenous.
D. blockade.
E. application.
ANSWER: C
What type of anesthesia is most advisable to use at reposition of hip dislocation?
A. Endotracheal anesthesia.
B. Intravenous anesthesia.
C. Regional anesthesia.
D. Local infiltrative anesthesia.
E. Internal bone anesthesia.
ANSWER: B
In formalin steam is sterilized:
A. The cutting tools.
B. Rubber gloves.
C. Instruments with optics.
D. napkins.
E. syringe.
ANSWER: C
What type of anesthesia spinal and epidural are
A. regional.
B. perineal blockade.
C. Internal bone.
D. intravenous.
E. application.
ANSWER: A
9. What is the prevention of retraction of the tongue (mechanical asphyxia) in the early
postoperative period?
A. Introduction of intravenous antagonist muscle (Neostigmine).
B. Breathing analeptics.
C. Air tube usage.
D. Insert the swab into the stomach.
E. Turn head to side.
ANSWER: C
10. What method is the best to sterilize fiber optics?
A. Sterilization with steam under pressure.
B. Sterilization by dry heat.
C. Gas sterilization.
D. Boiling.
E. Radiation sterilization.
ANSWER: C
11. Patient has subcutaneous felon of nail phalanx of the 2nd finger of the right han What is
used in the surgical treatment in this case?
A. infiltration anesthesia;
B. Lukashevich-Oberst anesthesia;
C. intraosseous anesthesia ;
D. intravenous anesthesia.
E. lubrication anesthesia.
ANSWER: B
12. How much time is necessary to process the surgeon's hands with alcoholic solution of
chlorhexidine:
A. 6 min.
B. 15 minutes.
C. 20 minutes.
D. 10 minutes.
E. 3 min.
ANSWER: E
13. Which antiseptic Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most sensitive?
A. Dioxidine
B. Argosulfan
C. Peretyryl
D. Dezokson - 1
E. Amosept.
ANSWER: A
14. What concentration of novocaine is used for local anesthesia?
A. 0,25%; 0.5%.
B. 0,5%; 2% and 10%.
C. 0,25%; 0.5%; 1% 2%; 5% 10%; 20%.
D. 0,25%; 1% 5% 20%.
E. 0,5%; 2%; 5% 10%.
ANSWER: A
15. Sterilization of instruments in chemicals steam - is:
A. Sterilization by steam under pressure.
B. Sterilization by dry heat.
C. The gas sterilization.
D. Sterilization by chemical solvents.
E. Radiation sterilization
ANSWER: C
16. Which antiseptic anaerobic infection is most sensitive?
A. Dioxidine
B. Argosulfan
C. Potassium permanganate
D. Dezokson - 1
E. Amosept.
ANSWER: B
17. Anesthesia of Oberst-Lukashevich is used for:
A. When broken ribs.
B. When operations on the finger.
C. When operations on the hand.
D. When operations on the neck.
E. When breast surgery.
ANSWER: B
18. What are the main components of the drug S4 (pervomur)?
A. Hydrogen peroxide + ethanol.
B. Hydrogen peroxide + formic acid.
C. Hydrogen peroxide + ammonia.
D. Hydrogen peroxide + methanol.
E. Hydrogen peroxide + sublimate.
ANSWER: B
19. Which antiseptic anaerobic infection is most sensitive for?
A. Dioxidine
B. Argosulfan
C. Peretyryl
D. Dezokson - 1
E. Hydrogen peroxide.
ANSWER: E
20. What type of local anesthesia refers to regional:
A. Anesthesia for Oberst-Lukashevich.
B. Anesthesia for Usol'tseva.
C. The blockade of the brachial plexus.
D. The blockade of the femoral, sciatic nerves.
E. All of the above listed species.
ANSWER: E
21. Which of these methods relates to the mechanical antiseptics?
A. Vacuum drainage.
B. Primary debridement.
C. Ultrasonic cavitation.
D. The use of enzymes.
E. Application to hydrophilic ointment bases.
ANSWER: C
22. Identify antiseptic nitroimidazole derivative
A. Chlorfilipt
B. Ectirytside
C. Metrahil
D. Sulfalen
E. Сarbolic acid
ANSWER: B
23. Only intravenous anesthesia is used for:
A. Operations on the limbs.
B. Operations on the chest.
C. Operations on the neck.
D. Operations on the anterior abdominal wall.
E. surgery on the lumbar region.
ANSWER: A
24. Which of these methods relates to chemical preservatives?
A. Vacuum drainage.
B. Primary debridement.
C. Ultrasonic cavitation.
D. Flow drainage.
E. The use of sulfonamides
ANSWER: E
25. Hydrophilic ointment is created on the basis of
A. Levosin
B. Vishnevsky ointment
C. Mercurial ointment
D. Furatsylin ointment
E. Sintomitsin emulsion
ANSWER: A
26. What concentration of novocaine is used for local anesthesia?
A. 0,5%; 2%; 5% 10%.
B. 0,5%; 2% and 10%.
C. 0,25%; 0.5%; 1% 2%; 5% 10%; 20%.
D. 0,25%; 1% 5% 20%.
E. 0,25%; 0.5%.
ANSWER: E
27. Which of these methods relates to the physical antiseptics?
A. The use of antibiotics.
B. Primary debridement.
C. Ultrasonic cavitation.
D. The use of enzymes.
E. Application to hydrophilic ointment base.
ANSWER: C
28. Founder of antiseptics is:
A. I Mechnikov
B. N. Pirogov
C. Bergman
D. Lister
E. M. Shemelbush
ANSWER: D
29. The anesthesia include:
A. Anesthesia of nerve trunks.
B. Anesthesia of nerve plexus.
C. Anesthesiaof ganglion.
D. Spinal and epidural anesthesia.
E. All of the above listed.
ANSWER: E
30. Which of these methods relates to the biological preservatives?
A. Vacuum drainage.
B. Primary debridement.
C. Ultrasonic cavitation.
D. Use of antibiotics.
E. Application of active drainage.
ANSWER: D
31. Antiseptics – is a set of measures aimed at elimination, or reduction of microorganisms in:
A. Bandage.
B. Tools.
C. Operating Room.
D. Chambers, bandaging.
E. Wounds.
ANSWER: E
32. What is the concentration of procaine used in anesthesia by O.V.Vyshnevsky.
A. 1%
B. 0,5%
C. 0,25%
D. 5%
E. 10%.
ANSWER: C
33. What method surgical field is processed?
A. Hrossih-Filonchyk.
B. Spasokukotsky-Kochergin.
C. Fyurbrinher.
D. Alfeld.
E. Solution of chlorhexidine.
ANSWER: A
34. What antiseptics are advisable to handle the wound in the presence of anaerobic infection?
A. Alcohol.
B. Drugs soliv metals.
C. Oxidants.
D. Nitrofuran derivative.
E. Dye.
ANSWER: E
35. Anatomical classification of bleeding:
A. Arterial, venous bleeding.
B. Arterial, venous, capillary bleeding.
C. Arterial, venous, parenchymal hemorrhage.
D. Arterial, venous, capillary, parenchymal hemorrhage.
E. Arteriolar-venous, capillary, parenchymal hemorrhage.
ANSWER: C
36. What are the chemicals that are used to stop bleeding?
A. Aminocaproic acid, heparin.
B. Vikasol, reopoliglukine.
C. Aminocaproic acid, vikasol.
D. Aminocaproic acid, potassium chloride.
E. Potassium chloride, heparin.
ANSWER: D
37. Specify severe degree of blood loss.
A. Up to 10% of BCV (up to 500ml).
B. 10-20% of BCV (500-1000ml).
C. More than 10% of BCV (> 500 mL).
D. 20-30% of BCV (1000-1500ml).
E. More than 30% of BCV (> 1500ml).
ANSWER: C
38. Which of the following types of bleeding refers only to internal?
A. Arterial.
B. Venous.
C. Capillary.
D. Arterio-venous.
E. Parenchymal.
ANSWER: E
39. Biological methods to stop bleeding are:
A. Tamponade wound strand equalizers or muscle.
B. Introduction of adrenaline.
C. Intravenously aminocaproic acid.
D. Intramuscularly vikasol administration.
E. All of the above listed methods.
ANSWER: A
40. What is the reaction of agglutination?
A. Bonding one another agglutinogenes;
B. Bonding one another agglutinines;
C. Bonding erythrocites;
D. The reaction between serum blood erythrocytes;
E. Bonding between agglutinogens and agglutinines.
ANSWER: E
41. Which of bleedings is related to hidden?
A. Bleeding into the pleural cavity.
B. Bleeding into the abdominal cavity.
C. Bleeding into the joint cavity.
D. Formation of hematoma.
E. All the answers are correct.
ANSWER: E
42. What is primarily directed treatment of acute blood loss?
A. Prevention of hemorrhagic shock.
B. Prevention of transfusion shock.
C. Prevention of DBSS.
D. Prevention of renal failure.
E. Prevention of all the above complications.
ANSWER: A
43. What is in the blood group II?
A. In erythrocytes α, in plasma A;
B. In the erythrocytes Aβ, in plasma Bα;
C. In erythrocytes and in plasma α;
D. In the erythrocytes A, in plasma β;
E. A in red blood cells, in plasma α.
ANSWER: D
44. What volume of blood loss corresponds to the third level of classification of V.I.Struchkov
and Ye.V.Lutsevych.
A. 500 ml.
B. 1000 ml.
C. 1500 ml.
D. 2000 ml.
E. 3000 ml.
ANSWER: C
45. Parenchymal hemorrhage is observed at the damage:
A. liver.
B. spleen.
C. kidneys.
D. lungs.
E. all the answers are correct.
ANSWER: E
46. The most correctly identifies the blood group.
A. Standard sera;
B. Standard erythrocites;
C. Tsoliclones;
D. Hemolized blood;
E. Blood plasma.
ANSWER: C
47. The end result of the clinical course of hematoma can be:
A. Suppuration of hematoma.
B. The formation of aneurysms.
C. Resorption of hematoma.
D. Calcification hematoma.
E. All the answers are true .
ANSWER: E
48. What complications the large veins in the neck and chest can lead to?
A. Pulmonary artery thrombembolism.
B. Air embolism of the pulmonary artery.
C. Cerebral vessels embolism.
D. Air embolism of cerebral vessels.
E. All the answers are correct.
ANSWER: B
49. What is the ratio of blood to the standard serum to determine blood type?
A. 1 to 2
B. 2 to 1
C. 1 to 10
D. 10 to 1
E. 3 to 4.
ANSWER: C
50. What is the main cause of death in profuse bleeding during the first hours after its
occurrence?
A. Violation of breath.
B. Ischemia of the liver.
C. Renal failure.
D. DBSS.
E. Myocardial ischemia.
ANSWER: D
51. Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract is called:
A. inner.
B. outer.
C. hiden.
D. arrozive.
E. all the answers are correct.
ANSWER: B
52. How to pour blood in case of conducting biological probe?
A. 20-30 drops per minute;
B. 30-40 drops per minute;
C. 40-50 drops per minute;
D. 50-60 drops per minute;
E. 10-15 ml at a time.
ANSWER: E
53. Which of the following is physical stop of bleeding.
A. Application of fibrin film.
B. Application of hemostatic sponge.
C. Imposition of vascular suture.
D. Plugging the wound.
E. Electrocoagulation.
ANSWER: E
54. Light red blood through the mouth shows:
A. bleeding from the mouth.
B. pulmonary hemorrhage.
C. bleeding from the esophagus.
D. bleeding from the stomach.
E. all the answers are correct.
ANSWER: B
55. When is there direct agglutination?
A. Recipient’s blood cells and plasma of donor;
B. Recipient’s plasma and blood cells of donor;
C. none of the listed.
D. all of the listed.
E. erythrocytes of the recipient of donor plasma containing heterogeneous antibodies.
ANSWER: B
56. For which bleeding source is melena characteristic?
A. Lungs.
B. Stomach.
C. Kidney.
D. Sigmoid colon.
E. Rectum.
ANSWER: B
57. What is the cause of early secondary bleeding?
A. Suppuration of the wound, pushing thrombus, slip ligatures.
B. Popping thrombus, slip ligatures, increased blood pressure.
C. Suppuration of wounds, increased blood pressure, sliding ligatures.
D. Arosion of vessels, increased blood pressure.
E. Arosion of vessels, pushing blood clot, slip ligatures.
ANSWER: B
58. What is substitute transfusion?
A. Transfusion of 500 ml of blood,
B. Transfusion of more than 30% of BCV,
C. Transfusion of more than 50% of BCV,
D. Blood of donor infusion with simultaneous blood of recipient exfusion.
E. Ttransfusions of blood poured into the abdominal cavity at rupture of the liver.
ANSWER: D
59. Which of the following relates to methods of arterial bleeding final stop?
A. overlay harness.
B. pressing of the artery.
C. ligation of vessels.
D. application of cold.
E. application of hemostatic sponge.
ANSWER: C
60. What type of bleeding is hemorrhage?
A. Outer.
B. Interior.
C. Covert.
D. Arosive.
E. All the answers are correct.
ANSWER: B
61. When sensitization owing to previous transfusion occurs …
A. pyrogenic reaction;
B. diathesis;
C. allergic reaction;
D. nonhemolitic reaction.
E. citrated intoxication
ANSWER: C
62. Maximum bending the arm at the elbow is used for:
A. Bleeding from the brachial artery.
B. Bleeding from the ulnar artery.
C. Bleeding from the radial artery.
D. Bleeding from the interosseous artery.
E. All of the above listed options.
ANSWER: E
63. Indicate which of the following cases air embolism is possible?
A. Injury to the veins of the upper extremities.
B. Injury jugular vein.
C. Injury to the femoral artery.
D. Injury to abdominal veins.
E. Injury to the brachial artery.
ANSWER: B
64. What infectious disease is not possible to transfer with blood?
A. Typhoid fever;
B. AIDS;
C. Hepatitis;
D. Malaria;
E. Cytomegalovirus.
ANSWER: A
65. Secondary hemorrhage may include:
A. Arterial.
B. External and internal.
C. Venous.
D. Parenchymal.
E. All of the above listed options.
ANSWER: E
66. Which of the following is bleeding physical stoppage.
A. Application of film.
B. Electrocoagulation.
C. Imposition of vascular suture.
D. Plugging the wound.
E. Application of hemostatic sponge.
ANSWER: B
67. The method of temporary bleeding stop?
A. Twist, jute, finger pressing, vascular suture.
B. Twist, jute, finger pressing, reconstruction of the vessel.
C. Twist, jute, finger pressing, stitching vessels.
D. Twist, jute, finger pressing, maximum flexion.
E. Twist, jute, finger pressing, ligation of vessels.
ANSWER: D
68. What a way to temporarily stop the bleeding must be applied when damaged arteries of large
diameter?
A. Increased position of the limb.
B. Tight bandage.
C. Pulling vessels.
D. Ligation of vessels within.
E. Imposition of vascular suture.
ANSWER: B
69. In what time frame, secondary early bleeding occurs?
A. In the first minutes after injury.
B. In the first hours after injury.
C. In the first days after injury.
D. In the first 1-2 days after injury.
E. from several hours to 4-5 days after injury.
ANSWER: E
70. Select antishock medication.
A. Trombocyte mass;
B. Gemodez;
C. Lipofundin;
D. Amidopeptide;
E. Poliglukin.
ANSWER: E
71. As to the clinical manifestations of bleeding classified in relation to the environment?
A. Explicit, hidden, external, internal.
B. External, capillary, internal.
C. Hide, secondary, internal.
D. The outer, secondary, internal.
E. External, arterial, internal.
ANSWER: A
72. For what is typical localization of bleeding when vomiting "coffee grounds" occurs?
A. Lungs.
B. The trachea.
C. Stomach.
D. Colon.
E. Rectum.
ANSWER: C
73. Indicate at which of the following cases is air embolism possible?
A. Injury to the veins of the upper extremities.
B. Injury to limbs veins.
C. Injury to the femoral artery.
D. Injury to the jugular vein.
E. Injury to the brachial artery.
ANSWER: D
74. Indicate which enshortment of limb is at contracture:
A. Absolute
B. Relative
C. Visual
D. Full
E. Mixed
ANSWER: C
75. What is the bandage used in shoulder joint injury?
A. Circular
B. Spiral
C. Creeping
D. Cruciate
E. Spike
ANSWER: E
76. The pleural drainage is made at:
A. In the 2nd intercostal on midclavicular line
B. In the 6th intercostal axillary line
C. In the 7th intercostal
D. In the projection of the pleural sinus
E. In certain areas of maximum dullness on percussion
ANSWER: A
77. "Bridle" is imposed at:
A. Damage to the lower jaw.
B. Damage to the nose.
C. Damage to the neck.
D. Damage to the upper jaw.
E. Damage to the stomach.
ANSWER: A
78. What bandage is necessary to impose when open pneumothorax
A. spiral.
B. circular
C. occlusal
D. cruciate
E. gypsum
ANSWER: C
79. Circular and spiral armbands are mostly used for fractures of:
A. Lower limbs.
B. Upper extremity.
C. Ribs.
D. Mandible.
E. Clavicle.
ANSWER: B
80. Individual bandaging package is used for:
A. Fractures.
B. All wounds.
C. Penetrating wounds.
D. Slaughter wounds.
E. Dislocation.
ANSWER: C
81. Different length and width strips of gauze, twisted in rolls are called:
A. napkins.
B. turundas.
C. tampons.
D. gauze balls.
E. bandages.
ANSWER: E
82. 8-shaped fixing bandages are applied to:
A. shoulder
B. forearm.
C. ankle joint.
D. clavicle.
E. mandible.
ANSWER: C
83. Suspensory is used to fix:
A. shoulders.
B. forearm.
C. male genitals.
D. clavicle.
E. hips.
ANSWER: C
84. What kind of bandage is imposed at damaged ears?
A. none of listed.
B. naples.
C. spiky.
D. bridle.
E. Deso.
ANSWER: C
85. What kind of bandage is used in shoulder joint injury?
A. Circular.
B. Spiral.
C. Repens.
D. Crosswise.
E. Spiky.
ANSWER: E
86. The doctrine of bandaging, indications for its use and the rules of imposition is called:
A. deontology.
B. ethics.
C. surgery.
D. chiropractics.
E. desmurgy.
ANSWER: E
87. Surgical treatment includes:
A. Bone skeletal lift.
B. External fixation.
C. Internal fixation.
D. All of the above listed.
E. All of the above listed except skeletal lift.
ANSWER: E
88. What requirments must the bandages meet?
A. To have a good capillarity.
B. Hygroscopicity, elasticity.
C. Chemical and mechanical inertia.
D. Subjected to sterilization without violating its quality.
E. All the answers are correct.
ANSWER: E
89. Square pieces of gauze of various sizes, composed of several layers of collapsed inside
edges are called:
A. napkins.
B. turundas.
C. tampons.
D. gauze balls.
E. bandages.
ANSWER: A
90. For which bleeding source melena is characteristic?
A. Lungs.
B. Stomach.
C. Kidney.
D. Sigmoid colon.
E. Rectum.
ANSWER: B
91. What is the cause of early secondary bleeding?
A. Suppuration of the wound, pushing thrombus.
B. Popping thrombus, slip ligatures, increased blood pressure.
C. Suppuration of wounds, increased blood pressure, sliding ligatures.
D. Increased blood pressure.
E. Erosions of vessels, pushing blood clot, slip ligatures.
ANSWER: B
92. What is substitutive haemotransfusion?
A. Transfusion of 500 ml of blood,
B. Transfusion of more than 30%
C. Transfusion of more than 50%
D. None of the listed.
E. transfusions of blood poured into the abdominal cavity at rupture of the liver.
ANSWER: D
93. Specify severe degree of blood loss.
A. Up to 10% of BCV.
B. 10-20% of BCV.
C. More than 10% of BCV.
D. 20-30% of BCV.
E. More than 30% of BCV.
ANSWER: C
94. Which of the following types of bleeding refers only to internal?
A. Arterial.
B. Venous.
C. Capillary.
D. Arterio-venous.
E. Parenchymal.
ANSWER: E
95. Biological methods to stop bleeding are:
A. tamponade of wound by muscle.
B. introduction of adrenaline.
C. intravenous aminocaproic acid.
D. intramuscular vikasol administration.
E. all of the above listed methods.
ANSWER: A
96. What is the reaction ahlyutynatsiyi?
A. all of the listed;
B. none of the listed;
C. bonding of leukocytes;
D. the reaction between serum blood erythrocytes;
E. bonding between agglutinogens i agglutinins.
ANSWER: E
97. Which of bleedings is related to hidden?
A. Bleeding into the pleural cavity.
B. Bleeding into the abdominal cavity.
C. Bleeding into the joint cavity.
D. Formation of hematoma.
E. All the answers are correct.
ANSWER: E
98. What anestesia is used in the surgical treatment of phalanx felon?
A. infiltration;
B. Lukashevich-Oberst;
C. intraosseous;
D. intravenous.
E. lubrication.
ANSWER: B
99. How much time is necessary to process the surgeon's hands by alcoholic solution of
chlorhexidine:
A. 6 min.
B. 15 min.
C. for 20 min.
D. 10 min.
E. 3 min.
ANSWER: E
100.
Which antiseptic is Pseudomonas aeruginosa most sensitive to?
A. Dioxidine
B. Argosulfan
C. Peretyryl
D. Dezokson - 1
E. Amosept.
ANSWER: A