I.
Ocular Trauma: Triage and Management
A.
B.
C.
Brief Epidemiology
Classification
Trauma Examination
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
D.
Case History
a) Pre-injury vision
b) Previous ocular surgery
c) Details of trauma
Visual Acuity
Externals
a) Pupils
b) EOMs
c) Cover Test/Maddox Rod Test
d) Confrontation Visual Fields
Physical examination
a) Palpate eyelids and orbital margins
b) Test forehead and cheek sensitivity
Slit-lamp examination
a) Fluorescein staining/Seidel testing
IOP
a) Deferred for open globe injuries
DFE
Necessary ancillary tests
a) Color vison
b) Gonioscopy
c) Imaging studies
d) pH testing with litmus paper
Findings: From Anterior to Posterior
Periorbital Ecchymosis
Eyelid Laceration
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Conjunctival Abrasion/Laceration
Corneal and Conjunctival Foreign Bodies
Corneal Abrasion
Chemical Burns
Corneal Laceration
Microhyphema
Hyphema
Hemosiderosis
Traumatic Iritis
Angle Recession
Cyclodialysis Cleft
Iridodialysis
Traumatic Cataract
Lens Subluxation
Lens Dislocation
a) Positioned in the Anterior Chamber
b) Positioned in the Posterior Segment
19. Globe Rupture
20. Orbital Fractures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
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18.
Medial Wall (Ethmoidal) Fracture
Blow-out Fracture of the Orbital Floor
Trapdoor Fracture
Tripod (Zygomatico-complex) Fracture of the Lateral Wall
Orbital Roof Fracture
Apex (Optic Canal) Fracture
Vitreous Involvement
Intraocular Foreign Body
Intraorbital Foreign Body
Commotio Retinae
Pre-retinal Hemorrhage
Choroidal Rupture
Traumatic Macular Hole
Purtscher’s Retinopathy
Retinal Detachment
Retrobulbar Hemorrhage
Arteriovenous Fistula
a) Carotid-cavernous
b) Dural-cavernous
Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
21.
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25.
26.
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32.
E.
References
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12.
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