Detection of Norovirus by
Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) in
diarrhoeic stool of hospitalized
under five children
Dr. Abul Kalam, Dr. S. K Paul, Prof.
Md. A. Hossain, M.U Ahmed,
A.K.M Shamsuzzaman, C. Mahmud,
A.K.M. Musa,
WELCOME
TO THE PRESENTATION OF
Detection of Norovirus by
Enzyme Immunoassay
(EIA) in diarrhoeic stool
of hospitalized under five
children
Presented by Dr Abul Kalam
M Phil (Thesis Part), Department of
Microbiology, MMC
Authors
Abul Kalam1, S. K Paul1, Md. A. Hossain1,
M.U Ahmed2, A.K.M Shamsuzzaman1, C.
Mahmud1, A.K.M. Musa1,
• 1.Mymensingh medical college,
• 2 Department of Medicine, faculty of
veterinary science , Bangladesh agricultural
university
Background
• Gastroenteritis in the form of acute watery
diarrhoea among under five children
remains a major public health problem
throughout the world.
• Gastroenteritis is caused by wide range of
enteropathogens including bacteria, viruses
& protozoal agents.
• The viral causes of diarrhoea are relatively
less explored.
Viral causes of gastroenteritis
• Rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus and
Norovirus are well recognized causes of
diarrhoea.
• Norovirus (NV) have appeared as one of
the most common causes epidemic
gastroenteritis.
Norovirus
• Norovirus is heralded as the discovery of the
first virus specifically associated with
gastroenteritis.
• The Norovirus genus previously known as
Norwalk like virus (NLV), Small round
structured virus (SRSV) is positive sense
single stranded RNA virus.
• Norovirus is included in the family
Caliciviridae.
Genogroups of Norovirus
• Norovirus is divided
into two distinct
genogroups, GGI and
GGII, based on
genetic divergence in
regions of the RNAdependent RNA
polymerase and the
major viral capsid
protein (VP60).
Genogroups
1
Genogroups
2
Norwalk
Hawaii
Southampto Snow
n
Mountain
Chiba
Toronto
Desert
Shield
Bristol
viruses
Lordsdale
Research on Norovirus
• Research regarding Norovirus progressed
slowly by being difficult to detect because of
failure or difficulty in growing them in cell
culture, low levels of shedding in feces, their
small size, and the lack of suitable assays for
their detection until 1992 when the
development of molecular biologic methods
enabled rapid progress.
• Still very little information is available
regarding the impact of NV infection and
prevalent genogroups in Bangladesh
Objectives
• the present study was designed to see the
prevalence of Norovirus (NV) along with
its genogroup in under five children.
Study place and period
• This study was done in the
department of Microbiology,
Mymensingh Medical College
(in collaboration with the department
of Medicine under Faculty of
veterinary science, Bangladesh
agricultural university)
• Study period was from March 2006 to
February 2007.
Subject selection
• A total of 92 stool samples obtained from
cases of acute watery diarrhoea admitted
in paediatric ward of Mymensingh Medical
College Hospital.
• Only under five children were selected for
this study
Methods and materials
• The samples were tested by
Norovirus EIA (SRSV1 TM, Senka
Deiken Ltd ,Tokyo, Japan) according
to kit manual.
• The kit uses two wells for each
specimen, one to detect Norovirusgenogroup (GI) and the other to
detect Norovirus-genogroup (GII).
Result
•Among the 92 stool
samples, 4 (4.34%) were
positive for Norovirus.
•All belong to Genogroup 1.
Comment
• This study showed that prevalence of
Norovirus is not remarkable in Bangladeshi
children
• This aspect needs further evaluation
including larger population using
molecular techniques like Reverse
transcriptase Polymerase chain reaction
(RT- PCR).