IneoQuest Technologies, Inc.
Video over IP – Get the Picture!
IP Video Basics session
Presenter: Rico E. Vitale
Rico.Vitale@IneoQuest.com
(603) 498-1249
IneoQuest Technologies, Inc.
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Training
Agenda – Video over IP Basics
•
IneoQuest Overview
•
Principles of Video over IP
•
Compression Overview
•
MPEG Data Streams
•
Networking Fundamentals
•
Video over IP
•
Unicasting / Multicasting
•
Video over IP – Monitoring & Measurements
•
IneoQuest Solutions
•
References & Contact Information
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Video over IP Training
Company Overview
• Founded in 2001, based in Mansfield, MA
• Fast and steady growth
– Greater than 670% - three-year growth rate
– Recognized as one of the top ten fastest growing companies - 2007 (Boston Business
Journal)
• IP Video Measurement and Quality/Service Assurance Solutions
• Over 300+ unique customers, worldwide
– Telecom Tier 1/2/3, MSO Cable, Broadcast/Satellite, Equipment Manufacturer Markets
• Direct sales and support in North America, Europe and Asia
• Committed to helping service providers improve video quality and
control OPEX
• Pioneering open streaming IP Video Standards
– Co-author with Cisco of the Media Delivery Index (RFC #4445)
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Video over IP Training
Why monitor video at all?
• “So quiet you can hear a pin drop!” – US Sprint 1986
– Voice customer are LESS demanding
• Consumers are less forgiving when it comes to poor video
quality compared to voice calls or data connections
– More demanding since HD
• Very little loss can have a detrimental effect on video and
the viewers Quality of Experience (QoE)
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Video over IP Training
Principles of Video over IP
Given good quality source video,
Packet Loss is the only thing an IP
transport network can do to affect
video quality.
MDI = DF : MLR
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Make sure to check the Quality
BEFORE making millions of copies
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Video over IP Training
Principles of Video over IP
Jitter on a single flow can and will lead
to changes in behavior on other flows.
Cumulative Jitter does not directly
affect video quality, but it is an indicator
of impending loss.
MDI = DF : MLR
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Video over IP Training
Principles of Video over IP
Channels 1- 129
Channels 134- 210
130
All programs should be inspected
continuously to effectively monitor
IPTV throughout a network.
131
132
133
134
MDI = DF : MLR
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Monitor All Live IPTV flows,
What you don’t watch your customer does!
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VIDEO & AUDIO COMPRESSION
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Video over IP Training
Video and Audio Compression
•
Compression Overview
•
Video Compression
•
Key to Compression: Remove Redundancy
•
Video Compression Formats
•
MPEG Compression Technologies
•
MPEG Video Compression
•
MPEG Audio Compression
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The Need for Compression
•
Storage Requirements
– Digital storage costs are decreasing significantly
– Still be very expensive to store uncompressed TV data
– A two-hour SD television program ≈ 200GB
•
Bandwidth Requirements
– Transmitting uncompressed data significant distance is extremely difficult
• Uncompressed Standard Definition (SD) digital video requires > 200 Mb/s
• Uncompressed High Definition (HD) digital video requires > 1Gb/s
•
Processing Power / Hardware Requirements
– Processing large amounts of video data (storage) in real-time (bandwidth)
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Video Compression
•
The goal of video compression is to reduce the quantity of data used to represent
video content without substantially reducing the quality of the picture.
Analog Video
Sequence
Film or
Video
Camera
Uncompressed
Digital Bitstream
Digitization
Compressed
Digital Bitstream
Compression
//
Transport
Digital
TV
Decode
Analog
TV
Encode
The generalized process of compressing digital video for delivery over
transport networks where they are decoded back into digital or analog video
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Video over IP Training
Key to Compression: Remove Redundancy
•
Video compression algorithms take advantage of several Types of Redundancy to
reduce the size of the Video Stream.
•
Spatial Redundancy
–
–
•
Temporal Redundancy
–
•
Changes in an objects location and motion are normally very small from video frame to
frame
Coding Redundancy
–
•
Pixels can be encoded in groups (macro blocks)
Color and Brightness of neighboring pixels often have similar values
Patterns and common motions often form in video
Perceptual Coding Redundancy
–
The human eye cannot perceive minute differences in color and brightness
Fewer Bits (storage) & Fewer Bits/second (bandwidth)
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MPEG Compression
•
MPEG generally takes analog or digital video signals and converts them to packets of
digital data that are more efficiently transported over a network
•
The MPEG system consists of two layers :
– System Layer (timing information to synchronize video and audio)
– Compression Layer (includes audio and video streams) .
General MPEG Decoding System
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MPEG Compression: I, P, B Frames & Group of Pictures
•
•
•
•
•
A frame is a single image from a video sequence.
An I frame (initial, intra) is a frame that is compressed solely based in the information contained
in the frame.
A P frame (predicted) is a frame that has been compressed using the data contained in the
frame itself and data from the closest preceding I or P frame.
A B frame (bi-directional predicted) is a frame that has been compressed using the data from
the closest preceding I or P frame and the closest following I or P frame.
A Group of Pictures or GOP is a series of frames consisting of a single I frame and zero or more
P and B frames.
10
~ 64k Bytes
8
6
4
2
0
I
B
B
P
B
B
P
B
B
P
B
B
I
Relative amounts of data for each frame type in a typical MPEG GOP
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Predictive – Minimal
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Predictive – Maximum
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MPEG Compression: I, P, B Frames & Group of Pictures
•
The order video frames are
transmitted can be different than the
order they are displayed
•
A typical GOP in display order is:
B1 B2 I3 B4 B5 P6 B7 B8 P9 B10 B11 P12
•
The corresponding bitstream order is:
I3 B1 B2 P6 B4 B5 P9 B7 B8 P12 B10 B11
•
MPEG can also use a variable GOP
to better deal with complex video (not
shown). This concentrates I frames
together during complex scenes
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Every Packet Counts
• Every packet counts
– Video and Audio CODECs remove large amounts of redundancy
– Highly compressed data streams are created
– Very small interruptions in the data stream can significantly reduce
video quality
• 1st Principle.: Given good quality source video, Packet Loss is the
only thing an IP transport network can do to affect video quality.
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Building an MPEG Bitstream
Formatting MPEG Video for Transmission
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Building an MPEG Bitstream
System Layer Overview
•
Elementary Streams (ES)
•
Packetized Elementary Stream (PES)
•
Program Stream (PS)
•
Transport Stream (TS)
•
Program Clock Reference (PCR)
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System Layer: MPEG Stream Types
•
MPEG Stream Types: Elementary Streams, Packetized Elementary Streams,
Program Streams, Transport Streams
Video ES
Audio ES
Video
Encoder
Packetizer
Audio
Encoder
Packetizer
Video
PES
Audio
PES
PSIP
Data
Video ES
Audio ES
Video
Encoder
Packetizer
Video
PES
Audio
Encoder
Packetizer
Audio
PES
Multiple
Program
Transport
Stream
MUX
Transport
Stream
Reference Page #(s): 187
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System Layer: Program Stream
•
A Program Stream (PS) carries a single program
– In MPEG, a program is a combination of video, audio, and related data
– All information in the program stream must have a common time-base.
•
Typically one video is combined with one or more audio streams
Video PES
+ Audio PES 1
+ Audio PES 2
= Program Stream
1 Packet
Packet Header
Reference Page #(s): 191
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System Layer: Transport Stream
•
•
•
•
Transport Streams (TS) contains one or more program streams along with
additional information
The Transport Stream breaks the Elementary Streams into fixed length packets
A transport stream containing a single program is called a Single Program
Transport Stream (SPTS)
A transport stream with more than one program is called a Multi-program
Transport Stream (MPTS)
Program Stream
Packet Header
Data Stream
Program 1
Program 2
Program 3
Transport Stream
= TS Packet Header
4 bytes
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1 Packet = 188 Bytes
Reference Page #(s): 192
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System Layer: Transport Stream MPEG Packet & Header
1 TS MPEG Packet (188 bytes)
Header
Payload
Minimum 4-byte Header
Sync
Byte
8
Transport
Error
Indicator
1
Start
Indicator
Transport
Priority
PID
1
1
13
Adaptation
Field Length
Discontinuity
Indicator
8
1
Scrambling
Control
2
Random
Access
Indicator
1
Adaptation
Field
Control
2
ES
Priority
Indicator
1
Continuity
Counter
Adaptation
Field
Payload
4
5 Flags
Optional
Fields
Stuffing
Bytes
5
PCR
OPCR
Splice
Countdown
48
48
8
Transport
Private
Data
Adaptation
Field
Extension
Reference Page #(s): 193
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Transport Stream: Constant & Variable Bit Rates
Constant and Variable Bit Rates
– CBR
• Rate of CODEC’s data stream consumption is constant in the decoder
• Useful in streaming media when the transport media is a fixed resource
• Usually created by stuffing null packets into transport stream
– VBR
•
•
•
•
CODEC can vary the amount of output data per time segment
More bits are allocated to more complex content
Uses less overall bandwidth
No stuffing
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Program Specific Information & Packet Identifiers (PIDs)
Each Program Stream (in MPEG TS) has unique 13-bit Packet Identifiers (PIDs)
•
Standardized PIDs:
– Program Association Table (PAT)
– Program Map Table (PMT)
– Stuffing
•
Configurable PID’s
– Video
– Audio
– Data
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Program Clock Reference (PCR)
Assisting the decoder:
• Presenting programs on time
• At the right speed
• Audio synchronization
Programs periodically provide a Program Clock Reference (PCR), on one of
the PIDs in the program
Encoder clock
Decoder clock
(reference, transmitted)
(recovered, corrected)
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Encapsulation of MPEG Transport Streams
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Video over IP or Networks
Video into Packets
•
•
Encapsulating Media Data
Transport Protocols
• Ports & Sockets
• UDP / TCP / RTP
Packet Transport
•
•
Transport Methods
Considerations
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IP Encapsulation
•
IP Encapsulation is the process of taking a data stream, formatting it into
packets, and adding the headers and other data required
•
MPEG over IP Transport streams consist of a series of multiple MPEG TS
packets packed inside UDP datagrams
– A typical IP video packet will contain 7 TS packets (188 x 7 = 1316 bytes)
– Add Ethernet, IP and UDP headers (46 bytes)
1,316 bytes
– Ethernet Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) = 1,500 bytes
+
46 bytes
= 1,362 bytes
Ethernet
IP/UDP
MPEG2 TS
Video Packet
188 bytes
MPEG2 TS
Video Packet
188 bytes
MPEG2 TS
Video Packet
188 bytes
MPEG2 TS
Video Packet
188 bytes
MPEG2 TS
Video Packet
188 bytes
MPEG2 TS
Video Packet
188 bytes
MPEG2 TS
Video Packet
188 bytes
IP Packet with MPEG2 TS Video Payload carried over Ethernet
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CRC
Standard vs. Jumbo Frame
Standard IP Packet
Jumbo IP Packet
Approximately 20% more efficient.
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Transport Considerations
•
When video is being transported over an IP network, users need to consider
a other factors that can significantly affect the users’ viewing experience
•
Multiplexing is a process of combining video streams from different sources
into 1 IP flow. Two forms of Multiplexing commonly used today: Time Division
and Statistical
•
Traffic Shaping consists of various techniques that are used to make video
traffic easier to handle on a network. Overall goal is to make an IP flow less
prone to sudden peaks in bit rate
•
Buffering is basically a collection of memory that is used to temporarily store
information prior to taking some action. Buffers can have a major impact of
video network performance
•
Firewalls are used to control the flow of information between two networks.
Need to be aware of the constraints that firewalls impose on video services
Reference Page #(s): 224-237
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Multicasting
IGMP – Internet Group Management Protocol
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Multicasting
•
Basic Concepts
•
Unicasting
•
Multicasting
•
Joining and Leaving Multicast
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Unicast vs. Multicast
•
•
High Bandwidth required between
the video source and a number of
end-users
Video source make separate video
streams for each recipient
Unicast = one to one
•
•
Multicast = one to many
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Reduced Bandwidth requirements
between video source and multiple
end-users
Network devices (routers) makes
copies of video stream for every
recipient
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Unicasting
•
Unicasting is the traditional way that packets are sent from a source to a single
destination
•
Each user who wants to view the video must make a request to the video
source.
•
The source needs to know the destination IP address of each user and must
create IP packets addressed to each user. As the # of viewers increase, the
load on the network increases
•
Each viewer gets a custom tailored video stream which allows the video source
to offer specialized features such as pause, rewind and fast-forward of video.
VOD
Server
Unicasting
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Multicasting
•
Multicasting unlike Unicasting, puts the burden of creating streams for each user
on that network rather than on the video source
•
IP packets are given special IP addresses to be recognized by the network as
Mutlicast. IP Address range is Class D: 224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.255
•
IP Multicast uses UDP packets
•
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Protocol controls access to
Multicast streams
•
User must request to Join and Leave a Multicast program
Multicasting
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Video over IP
Monitoring & Measurements
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Video over IP Monitoring & Measurements
•
Network Impairments
•
Flow Behavior
•
Video over IP Measurements
•
MDI – Media Delivery Index
•
Distributed Continuous Program (DCP) Monitoring
•
Determining Packet Loss (MLR) on a UDP flow
•
Delay Factor (DF) & the effects of a high Delay Factor
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Video Network Impairments
•
Packet Loss is when an IP packet does not arrive at its intended destination. This
can be caused by any number of circumstances: Network Saturation, Network
hardware failure, Queuing misconfiguration, etc.
•
Packet Reordering occurs in a network when packets arrive in a different order than
how they were sent. Since MPEG has a very precisely defined structure and
sequence, out of order packets can cause problems
•
Delay is going to happen in any network. Two types of delay: Propagation delay and
Switching. Propagation is the amount of time to travel from one location to another.
Switching delay occurs at any point in the network where a signal needs to be
switched or routed.
•
Jitter is a measurement of variation in the arrival time of the data packets. Receivers
must be built to tolerate jitter and networks should be designed not to create a lot of
jitter.
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Media Delivery Index
•
The Media Delivery Index (MDI) is a metric that captures the amount of
Cumulative Packet Jitter and the amount of Packet Loss of an IP stream.
These are the only types of impairments that can be caused by an IP
transport network.
•
MDI consists of two components:
Delay Factor : Media Loss Rate
•
•
Delay Factor (DF) is the size of buffer required to transport jittered packets
in the network without loss divided by the rate of the media stream – it is
proportional to the delay introduced in the system due to the network
buffering. The buffer value is expressed in the time (milliseconds) it takes
to transmit (drain) the maximum buffer size at outflow rate.
•
Media Loss Rate (MLR) is the total Media Packets Lost (per second)
See RFC 4445 for complete details on how to calculate MDI
–
•
MDI = DF : MLR
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4445.txt?number=4445
See Application Notes at: http://www.ineoquest.com/page240.html
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Flow Behavior
Ethernet
Inter-Packet Gap
Ethernet Packets
MPEG Packets
MPEG
Inter-Packet Gap
Buffer
Decoder
(Removes Ethernet frame and buffers MPEG)
Monitor,
TV, etc
• Payload is extracted
• Payload is buffered
• Payload is clocked out
Rate is determined
by the MPEG
Example 4.5Mb/s
Each Ethernet
packet contains up
to 7 MPEG packets
Rate is determined
by the MPEG
Example 4.5Mb/s
• 188-bytes MPEG2 TS packet encapsulated within an IP Ethernet Frame.
• Rate of IP delivery is the same as the rate of drain of the video (MPEG2 TS).
• The packet arrival rate of each IP packet is exactly to the rate used to clock the
contents of one IP packet from the receiver buffer.
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Simple IP Switch (example)
Basic MDI Theory
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Flow Behavior: IP Flow with Jitter & Under Run Rate
Under Run: Avg. Ethernet inter-packet gap timing at the delivery rate is less than MPEG video rate hence buffer runs empty
1
Ethernet
Inter-Packet Gap
Ethernet Packets
MPEG Packets
MPEG
Inter-Packet Gap
Buffer
(Removes Ethernet frame and buffers MPEG)
Decoder
Monitor, TV, etc
2
For example: 3.50 Mbps rate
For example: 3.75 Mbps rate
Buffer
(Buffer start to drain at MPEG rate 3.75 Mbps)
Decoder
Monitor, TV, etc
3
For example: 3.75 Mbps rate
For example: 3.50 Mbps rate
Buffer
(Buffer is empty waiting for more IP packets)
Decoder
Monitor, TV, etc
Nothing to Decode; Poor Video
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Flow Behavior: IP Flow with Jitter & Over Run Rate
Over Run: Avg. Ethernet inter-packet gap timing at the delivery rate is more than buffer can handle hence the buffer drops packets
1
Ethernet
Inter-Packet Gap
Ethernet Packets
MPEG Packets
Buffer
MPEG
Inter-Packet Gap
(Removes Ethernet frame and buffers MPEG)
2
Shorter Ethernet Inter-Packet Gap
For example: 4.90 Mbps rate
Decoder
Monitor, TV, etc
For example: 3.75 Mbps rate
Buffer
(Buffer starts to fill up)
Decoder
Monitor, TV, etc
3
For example: 3.75 Mbps rate
For example: 4.90 Mbps rate
Ethernet packets are dropped
at the network device
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Buffer
(Buffer Overflows)
Decoder
Monitor, TV, etc
Impaired Video
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Simple IP Switch with High MDI
Switch with High MDI
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Flow Behavior: IP Flow with IP Packet Loss
IP Packet Loss: Ethernet inter-packet gap is enlarged due to IP packet loss, causing bursty IP Video delivery (Jitter)
1
Ethernet
Inter-Packet Gap
MPEG Packets
Ethernet Packets
Buffer
MPEG
Inter-Packet Gap
(Removes Ethernet frame and buffers MPEG)
Decoder
Monitor, TV, etc
2
For example: 3.75 Mbps rate
For example: 3.75 Mbps rate
Buffer
(Buffer starts to fill up)
3
Decoder
Monitor, TV, etc
Loss adds Jitter
For example: 3.75 Mbps rate
For example: 3.75 Mbps rate
Ethernet packets are
dropped in the network
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Buffer
(Buffer could Under Run)
Decoder
Monitor, TV, etc
Impaired Video
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Program Clock Reference (PCR)
PCR Jitter vs. IP Jitter
•
PCR Jitter (recovered clock inaccuracy)
• Serial transport media use a common clock between transmitter and
receiver and can guarantee high accuracy of packet arrival times
• Jitter is classified into two categories: PCR accuracy errors (PCR_AC) and
network jitter. These two are then combined into PCR overall jitter
(PCR_OJ)
•
Ethernet / IP Jitter (variation in expected packet arrival times)
• No clock reference for transmission of packets
• Because transport can include multiple devices (all with different buffer
cues), there is no guarantee that packets transmitted with a given interpacket spacing will arrive with the same spacing
• IP jitter is categorized and measured by the Media Delivery Index (MDI)
Delay Factor (DF)
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Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Constant Bit Rate example
–
An encoder ideally
transmits IP packets at
the rate matching the
MPEG encoded bit rate
as shown here.
–
PCR time stamp updates
occur every 40 ms in a
stream continuously
informing a decoder of the
MPEG encoded bit rate.
–
Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
encoding shown here.
“Stuffing” bits maintain a
constant bit rate even
though picture complexity
is dynamic.
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Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
example
–
This example has high DF
• The instantaneous,
per packet IP bit rate
is bursty and does not
track the dynamic
encoded PCR bit rate.
–
PCR bit rate varies
dynamically with picture
complexity with VBR since
there is no stuffing PID.
The instantaneous peak
PCR rate may be peak
limited (“capped”) by
configuration.
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Delay Factor (DF)
•
DF continuously tracks
the cumulative
difference between
MPEG bit rate and IP bit
rate capturing the
stream’s burstiness
•
If an IP stream is bursty,
its instantaneous bit rate
may significantly stress
network transport device
queues.
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Video over IP Measurements
Properties that must be Measured and Monitored simultaneously to
ensure Quality of Video over IP.
• IP packet arrival times where jitter causes delay (Under Runs)
• IP packet arrival times where jitter causes bursts (Over Runs)
• IP packet bit rate average drift/deviation from the Video bit rate
• IP packet loss
• Video packet loss / CC errors
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Alarms & Warnings
PAYLOAD
IGMP
Outage
LOSS
WARNING
Alarms & Warnings
Possible Causes
• MDI-DF : Delay Factor (max value exceeded)
• NTWK-UTL : Network Utilization (max value exceeded)
• IP Flow Media Bit Rate Deviation (%)
• Over Subscription
• Encoder Behavior
• Bursty Traffic
• VOD Server Configuration
• MDI-MLR : Media Loss Rate (max value exceeded)
• RTP-LDE : Loss Distance Error (min value exceeded)
• RTP-LPE : Loss Period Error (max value exceeded)
• MLT-15 : 15min. Media Loss Total (max value exceeded)
• MLT-24 : 24hr. Media Loss Total (max value exceeded)
• MLS-15 : 15min. Media loss Seconds Total (max value exceeded)
• MLS-24 : 24hr. Media Loss Seconds Total (max value exceeded)
• RTP-SE : RTP-Total Sequence Errors (max value exceeded)
• Noise
• Bad Connectors
• Pinched Cables
• QoS Configuration
• Equipment Configuration
• Transient Power
• VIDO-LOS : Video Flow Outage
• Faulty Equipment
• Loss of Power
• Nature
• IGMPv2 / IGMPv3 support
• Join & Leave (min/max/average)
• IGMP Zap time
• AutoScan / Manual
• Faulty Equipment
• Configuration
• Over Subscription
• TS-PID : Transport Stream PID Bit Rate (lower limit exceeded)
• TS-SYNC : Transport Stream Sync Byte Error
• V-TSB : VIDEO-TS PCR Bit Rate (lower limit exceeded)
• IP-SBRMX : IP-Stream Bit Rate (upper limit exceeded)
• IP-SBRMN : IP-Stream Bit Rate (lower limit exceeded)
• Encoder Issues (config, fault equipment)
• Loss Video/Voice feeds
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
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IneoQuest Monitoring and
Troubleshooting Solutions
IneoQuest Technologies, Inc.
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Training
How IP Video is Challenging Service Providers
•
The biggest problem facing IP Video service providers is
unbounded operational expenses (OPEX)
– The inability to sustain quality across a distributed service area no matter how much is
spent in OPEX – loosing business model
•
OPEX Drivers
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
Increased call volume – $5.00-$15.00 per call
Increased truck rolls – $100.00 plus per roll
Chronic problems – Problems “come and go”
Lingering problems – No definitive problem resolution; “voodoo” troubleshooting
No visibility – The customer becomes the monitoring and analysis system
Lack of education – New technology presents new problems
Summary
– IP Video distribution presents a new set of problems
• Unique issues that traditional monitoring systems are ill-equipped to handle or detect
– IP Video is very different than voice and data
• Requires an evolved multi-dimensional approach to quality and service assurance
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Training
Video Across Multiple Systems (end-to-end program flow)
1000s of Video Flows
Encoder
Headend
Network
Video
Servers
Video Headend
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
Core
Network
Hub/VHO
IP Transport
Edge
Network
Last Mile
Network
Premise
Network
Decoder
Last Mile Networks
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
End
User
Subscriber
Video over IP Training
Complexities of IP Video
1000s of Video Flows
Encoder
Headend
Network
Video
Servers
Headend
No matter where the
issue is across any
subsystem, the effect is
seen at the end of the
system at the subscriber
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
Core
Network
Hub/VHO
IP Transport
Edge
Network
Last Mile
Network
Premise
Network
End
User
Decoder
Last Mile Technology
Subscriber
Results in increased call volume
($) and truck rolls ($)
Operational dollars get spent and
problem is often not found or
fixed….system never improves
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Training
Coverage Areas
Encoder
Headend
Network
Video
Servers
MPEG
Monitoring
Subsystem
Core
Network
Hub / VHO
Network
Monitoring
Subsystem
Edge
Network
Last Mile
Network
Premise
Network
Decoder
DSL/RF
Monitoring
Subsystem
Coverage Area
Traditional MPEG Monitoring System Coverage
Traditional Core Network Monitoring System Coverage
Traditional DSL/RF Component Monitoring System Coverage
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
End
User
Video over IP Training
Traditional Monitoring – Blind to Video Issues
Single Video Program
Problem Origination
1000s of Video Flows
Encoder
Headend
Network
Video
Servers
Core
Network
Video Headend
Hub/VHO
IP Transport
Edge
Network
Last Mile
Network
Premise
Network
Decoder
Last Mile Technology
MPEG
Monitoring
Subsystem
Network
Monitoring
Subsystem
DSL/RF
Monitoring
Subsystem
System Reports
Good
System Reports
Good
System Reports
Good
The first time it is realized there is an issue is at the
customers TV, so customer calls and trucks roll.
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
End
User
Subscriber
Video over IP Training
Multi-Dimensional: All Flows, All Locations, All the Time
1000s of Video Flows
Encoder
Headend
Network
Video
Servers
Video Headend
Core
Network
Hub / VHO
Edge
Network
IP Transport
Last Mile
Network
Premise
Network
Decoder
Last Mile Network
Coverage Area
IneoQuest IQPinPoint
Multi-Dimensional Video Quality Management System Coverage
With Analysis, Monitoring, and Remote Troubleshooting all in one
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
End
User
Video over IP Training
Multi-Dimensional Management: Detect, Isolate, Resolve
Reports
Good
Video
Reports
Bad
Video
Reports
Bad
Video
Reports
Bad
Video
Reports
Bad
Video
Reports
Bad
Video
Reports
Bad
Video
Reports
Bad
Video
1000s of Video Flows
Encoder
Headend
Network
Video
Servers
Video Headend
Core
Network
Hub/VHO
IP Transport
Edge
Network
Last Mile
Network
Premise
Network
Decoder
Last Mile Network
End
User
Subscriber
Single Video Program
Problem Origination
•
Using Multi-Dimensional Video Quality Management,
• Operations now can detect a Video issue.
• Trouble ticket to specific sub system and use remote troubleshooting to solve issue.
• If the customer calls, no need to roll truck since the issue is not at the premise.
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
IneoQuest Hardware Platform: Singulus G1-T
•
Generate network traffic up to 2 GbE
•
Monitor & Analyze IP Video up to 1 GbE
•
80 MB Capture & Record
•
Packet Morph (add Impairments)
•
1 GbE Copper & Fiber Connections
•
10/100 Management port
•
ASI Output port
•
256 IP Flows
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
IneoQuest Hardware Platform: Singulus Lite “Cricket”
•
Interactive Subscriber “Visual Impairment”
Feedback
•
In-band IP Video/IPTV control and stats
•
Subscriber Behavior Tracking
•
Emulates an end point
•
Monitor & Analyze IP Video up to 10 IP
Flows
•
80 MB Capture & Record
•
10 / 100 MbE Copper Connections
Available Versions:
Ethernet
QAM
•
USB Management port
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
ASI
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
IneoQuest Software Application: IQMediaStimulus
•
Traffic Generation Software Application
•
•
Used with Geminus, Singulus G10, Singulus G1-T
Generate Video, Voice, or Data flows
•
TS files, LIBpcap files (TS with encapsulation),
Data files, voice files (.au, .wav, etc)
•
Live Stream Replication
•
Can cause Impairments
•
Drop IP Packets, add Jitter, change IP Bitrate,
change PCR rate, drop PIDs
•
Supports Multiple STIM targets
•
Test Set-ups
•
Ability to Auto Run Tests
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
IneoQuest Software Application: IQMediaAnalyzer Pro
•
Monitoring & Analysis Software
Application
•
New Dashboard
•
Impairments window
•
Enhanced Trigger & Capture
Capabilities
•
Commercial Insertion Support
•
Microsoft IPTV support
•
Software Included with Hardware
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
IneoQuest Software Application: IQTsX Pro
•
Post Analysis Software Application
•
•
•
•
Search and Explore the capture
Display the packet data
Decode media packet headers
IP & Media Packet Explorer
•
•
•
•
•
Packet arrival time reports
PCR comparison reports & charts
PID list reports
GOP Structure reports
Individual Channel analysis on MPTS
•
CC error detection
•
Packet Modification
•
3rd party tool support
•
•
Play the capture with VLC Media Player
View Packets with Ethereal
•
Microsoft IPTV support
•
Licensed Software
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
MPEG Deep Packet Analysis
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
IneoQuest End-to-End Solution Overview
iVMS
Beginning of
End-to-End Last Mile
Video Headend
IP Transport
Deep MPEG Analysis,
IP Video Monitoring,
& Remote Troubleshooting
Simultaneous IP Video
Monitoring & Remote
Troubleshooting
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
End of Last Mile
(Subscriber)
Last Mile Technologies
IP, QAM, HPNA, ADSL2+,
VDSL, ASI, Wireless
Last Mile Technologies
IP, QAM, HPNA, ADSL2+,
VDSL, ASI, Wireless
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
IneoQuest iVMS IP Video Management System
IneoQuest Technologies, Inc.
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
iVMS – IQ Map View
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
iVMS – IQ Topology View
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
iVMS – Real-Time Monitoring
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
iVMS – Reporting & Trending
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
iVMS – Reporting & Trending
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
iVMS – Reporting & Trending (Drill Down to PID level)
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
iVMS – Reporting & Trending (PID Details)
PID Details
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
iVMS – Daily Reports (IQ Watch Services)
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
iVMS – Configuration (Firmware Downloads)
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
iVMS – Email Notifications
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
iVMS – Northbound to NMS/OSS
IQFastLink
Embedded URL
in Message
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Solutions
iVMS – Customized Skins to NMS/OSS
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
References
Resources for Video over IP
IneoQuest Technologies, Inc.
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Training
References & Resources
•
Video over IP: A Practical Guide to technology and Applications by Wes Simpson, Focal Press
•
IPTV Crash Course by Joseph Weber and Tom Newberry, McGraw Hill
•
TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1, The Protocols by W. Richard Stevens, Addison Wesley
•
Internetworking with TCP/IP, Volume 1, Principles, Protocols, and Architecture by Douglas E. Comer,
Prentice-Hall, Inc.
•
A Guide to MPEG Fundamentals and Protocol Analysis, Tektronix
•
A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications, RFC3550
•
Requirements for Internet Hosts - Communications Layers, RFC1122
•
Internet Protocol, RFC791
•
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), RFC792
•
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP), RFC 2236
•
Host Extensions for IP Multicast, RFC 1112
•
Media Delivery Index (MDI), RFC 4445
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com
Video over IP Training
Contact Information
CORPORATE
HEADQUARTERS
IneoQuest Technologies, Inc.
170 Forbes Boulevard
Mansfield, MA 02048
USA
IQ PROFESSIONAL
SERVICES
IneoQuest Technologies, Inc.
170 Forbes Boulevard
Mansfield, MA 02048
USA
TEL: (508) 339-2497
FAX: (508) 339-4727
sales@ineoquest.com
TEL: (508) 339-2497
iqps@ineoquest.com
IQ TECHNICAL SUPPORT
IneoQuest Technologies, Inc.
170 Forbes Boulevard
Mansfield, MA 02048
USA
TEL: (866) 464-4636
techsupport@ineoquest.com
Copyright © 2006 IneoQuest Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA.
IneoQuest, IQClearView, IQWatch, Singulus G1-T, IQMediaMonitor, and the IneoQuest logo are trademarks of IneoQuest Technologies,
Inc. in the U.S. and certain other countries. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners.
The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between IneoQuest and any of its resellers.
IneoQuest IP VIDEOTRAINING
IneoQuest Technologies
www.ineoquest.com