Page 1/9 Curriculum vitae Name: Title: Born: E-mail: Home page: Present position: Education: Bjørn Erik Christensen Professor, Dr.philos. 1954 B.Christensen (at) biotech.ntnu.no http://www.biotech.ntnu.no/nobipol/BEC_homepage.php Professor, Department of Biotechnology, NTNU Cand.real. (Univ. Trondheim, 1981). Dr.philos. (NTNU), 1996. Thesis: "Conformation-stability relationships in xanthan gum". EDUCATION/QUALIFICATIONS Cand. real. University of Trondheim, 1981. Thesis: "Isolering og karakterisering av mucin i sputum fra pasienter med kronisk bronkitt" (Isolation and characterisation of mucin in sputum from patients with chronic bronchitis) Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 1996. Thesis "Conformation-stability relationships in xanthan gum". Dr. philos. POSITIONS: 1979-1980 Research scientist Institute of marine biochemistry, University of Trondheim, Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH), 1979-1980 (5 months). 1981-1988 Research scientist Visiting research scientist Consultant Institute of marine biochemistry, University of Trondheim, Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH), July 1981-December 1988. Institute for Biological and Chemical Process Analysis, Montana State University, USA. Jan. - Des. 1985 SINTEF Applied Chemistry (Polymer group) 1987-1988. 1989present Research coordinator/Group leader NOBIPOL (Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory): http://www.biotech.ntnu.no/nobipol/ (A multidisciplinary research group at NTNU) 1989-2001 Norwegian Institute of Technology, 1989-2001. 1997-2002 Senior research scientist Professor (20%) 1998-2001 Adj. Professor 2002present Professor 2005-2009 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Adj. Professor in biotechnology (Dept. of biotechnology) from 1 July 1998 - 31 Des. 2001 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Professor in biotechnology from 1 January 2002. Research co-ordinator NOBIPOL (continued) Department of Biotechnology, NTNU Vice-head of Department Chairman Nanotechnology Programme Council, NTNU Visiting professor Osaka Prefecture University, Japan 1985 1997-1998 2007-2009 2009 (autumn) Østfold College (ʻHøgskolen i Østfold, Avd. for real- og ingeniørfag). Jan. 1997 - Oct. 2002. 26.05.11 Page 2/9 2010 (spring) Visiting professor CEMRMAV, CNRS, Grenoble, France MEMBERSHIPS IN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES AND ORGANIZATIONS: Norwegian Chemical Society (NKS) - member Norwegian Chemical Society (NKS) - Section for Colloid and Macromolecular Chemistry: Chair 19841985, 1992-1993. 1997-99, 2006-2009, Vice-chair: 2003-2004, Secretary, 1998-1999, Member of the board, 1982-1983. Norwegian Biochemical Society (NBS) - member American Chemical Society (ACS) – member European Science Foundation, The Euroglycoscience Forum (EUROGLYCOFORUM): Norwegian representative CONFERENCES (Member of organizing committee or advisory boards): 1. "The use of oil recovery in oil recovery" NKS-seminar Trondheim 15 Jan. 1985. Chairman of the organizing committee 2. "Biofilm and biocorrosion". International symposium (Norwegian Biochemical Soc. and the Norwegian Corrosion Soc.), Trondheim, 13-14 January 1988. Chairman of the organizing committee 3. "Microbial adhesion and biofilms". International seminar with 12 invited experts in fields related to biofilms, Synertech Group, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 5-6 October 1987. Invited participant. 4. "Dahlem conference on the structure and function of biofilms", International workshop with 48 invited experts in fields related to biofilms, Berlin, Germany, 27 November - 2 December 1988. Invited participant, co-author of group report (Proceedings) 5. "First advanced course on alginates and their applications", Trondheim 2-5 June 1991. Member of the advisory board. 6. "Nordic Polymer Days 1992" (NKS symposium), Trondheim, 22-24 June, 1992, Chairman of the organizing committee. 7. "The first international conference on polysaccharide engineering", Trondheim, 6-8 June, 1994. Member of the organizing committee. 8. International symposium on marine and microbial polysaccharides, Trondheim, Nov. 96. Member of the organizing committee. 9. “Norsk Polymer- og Kolloidvitenskapelig vårmøte 1998, 1999, 2002, 2007 Wadahl. Member of the organizing committee. th 10. 24 International Carbohydrate Symposium, Oslo, July 2008. Member of organising committee. Chairman of scientific committee. 11. KIFEE Symposia on Environment, Energy, Materials and Education (2005-2011): Organizing committee (Advanced Biological Materials sessions) MEMBER OF EDITORIAL BOARD Carbohydrate Polymers (Elsevier) Carbohydrate Research (Elsevier) Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry REVIEWER OF SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS 26.05.11 Page 3/9 Macromolecules Biopolymers Carbohydrate Research Int. J. Chem. Kinetics Biotechnol. Bioeng. Colloids and Surfaces Anal. Chim. Acta Biomacromolecules Journal of Chromatography A. Carbohydrate Polymers J. Food Chem. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. J. Applied Polymer Science SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Articles marked (*) have not been subject to scientific peer review. Articles marked (inv) are invited contributions. 1 Christensen, B.E., J. Kjosbakken and O. Smidsrød (1985) Partial chemical and physical characterization of two extracellular polysaccharides produced by marine, periphytic Pseudomonas sp. strain NCMB 2021. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50:837-845 2 Mikkelsen, A., B.T. Stokke, B.E. Christensen and A. Elgsaeter (1985) Flexibility and length of human bronchial mucin studied using low-shear viscometry, birefringence relaxation analysis, and electron microscopy. Biopolymers 24:1683-1704 3* Christensen, B.E., H. Trømborg and O. Smidsrød (1987) Polysaccharide production by a marine, film-forming bacterium (Pseudomonas sp. NCMB 2021). In: Industrial Polysaccharides. The Impact of Biotechnology and Advanced Methodologies (Eds. S.S. Stivala, V. Crescenzi and I.C.M. Dea), Gordon and Breach, New York, 1987 :119-128 4*inv Smidsrød, O. and B.E. Christensen (1988) Phycocolloids versus microbial polysaccharides. Chemical structure and physical behaviour. In: Proceedings of a Workshop on Phycocolloids and Fine Chemicals (Eds. S. Paoletti and G. Blunden), Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, 1988 :88-109 5*inv Palenik, B., J.-C. Block, R.G. Burns, W.G. Characklis, B.E. Christensen, W.C. Ghiorse, A.G. Gristina, F.M.M. Morel, W.W. Nichols, O.H. Touvinen, G.-J. Tuschewitzki and H.A. Videla (1989) Biofilms: Properties and Processes (Group report). In: Structure and Function of Biofilms (Dahlem Workshop Report: Life Sciences Research Report 46) (Eds. W.G. Characklis and P.A. Wilderer), John Wiley & Sons, New York :351-366 6 Stokke, B.T., P. Foss, B.E. Christensen, C. Kierulf and I.W. Sutherland (1989) Long term storage of xanthan in seawater at elevated temperature: Physical dimensions and chemical composition of degradation products. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 11:137-144 7 Christensen, B.E. (1989) The role of extracellular polysaccharides in biofilms. J. Biotechnol. 10:181-202 8 Christensen, B.E., H. Naper Trønnes, K. Vollan and R. Bakke (1990) Biofilm removal by low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Biofouling 2:165-175 9*inv Christensen, B.E., M. Indergaard and O. Smidsrød (1990) Polysaccharide research in Trondheim. Carbohydr. Polym. 13:239-255 10*inv Christensen, B.E. and W.G. Characklis (1990) Physical and chemical properties of biofilms. In: Biofilms (Eds. W.G. Characklis and K.C. Marshall), John Wiley & Sons, New York :93-130 11 Christensen, B.E. and O. Smidsrød (1991) Hydrolysis of xanthan in dilute acid: Effects on chemical composition, conformation, and intrinsic viscosity. Carbohydr. Res. 214:55-69 12 Smidsrød, O. and B.E. Christensen (1991) Molecular structure and physical behaviour of seaweed colloids as compared with microbial polysaccharides. In: Seaweed Resources in Europe: Uses and Potential (Eds. M.D. Guiry and G. Blunden) :185-217 26.05.11 Page 4/9 13* Littmann, W., W. Kleinitz, B.E. Christensen, B.T. Stokke and T. Haugvallstad (1992) Late results of a polymer pilot test: Performance, adsorption and xanthan stability. J. Soc. Petrol. Eng. 24120: 14 Stokke, B.T., B.E. Christensen and O. Smidsrød (1992) Degradation of multistranded polymers: Effects of interstrand stabilization in xanthan and scleroglucan studied by a Monte Carlo method. Macromolecules 25:2209-2214 15 Christensen, B.E., K.D. Knudsen, O. Smidsrød, S. Kitamura and K. Takeo (1993) Temperature-induced conformational transition in xanthans with partially hydrolysed side chains. Biopolymers 33:151-161 16* Christensen, B.E., O. Smidsrød and B.T. Stokke (1993) Xanthans with partially hydrolysed side chains: Conformation and transitions. Front. Biomed. Biotechnol. 1:166-173 17 Christensen, B.E., O. Smidsrød, A. Elgsaeter and B.T. Stokke (1993) Depolymerization of double-stranded xanthan by acid hydrolysis: Characterization of partially degraded double strands and single-stranded oligomers released from the ordered structures. Macromolecules 26:6111-6120 18* Stokke, B.T., A. Elgsaeter, T. Hjerde, O. Smidsrød and B.E. Christensen (1993) Thermostability of polysaccharies for application in improved oil recovery: Improvement of performance by interstrand stabilisation. Proc. 7th IOR Eur. Symp., Moscow, Vol. 2 :382-390 19 Hjerde, T., T.S. Kristiansen, B.T. Stokke, O. Smidsrød and B.E. Christensen (1994) Conformation dependent depolymerization kinetics of polysaccharides studied by viscosity measurements. Carbohydr. Polym. 24:265-275 20 Christensen, B.E., O. Smidsrød and B.T. Stokke (1994) The role of side-chains in the Cr induced gelation of xanthan and xylinan (acetan) - variants. Carbohydr. Polym. 25:25-30 21 Stokke, B.T., A. Elgsaeter, O. Smidsrød and B.E. Christensen (1995) Carboxylation of scleroglucan for controlled crosslinking by heavy metal ions. Carbohydr. Polym. 27:5-11 3+ - 22*inv Christensen, B.E., B.T. Stokke and O. Smidsrød (1995) Xanthan - the natural water soluble cellulose derivative. In: Cellulose and cellulose derivatives: Physico-chemical aspects and industrial applications (Eds. J.F. Kennedy, G.O. Phillips and P.O. Williams) Woodhead Publishing Ltd. :265-278 23 Berth, G., H. Dautzenberg, B.E. Christensen, G. Rother and O. Smidsrød (1996) Physicochemical studies on xylinan (acetan). I. Characterization by gel permeation chromatography on Sepharose Cl-2B coupled with static light scattering and viscometry. Biopolymers 39:709-720. 24 Berth, G., H. Dautzenberg, B.E. Christensen and O. Smidsrød (1996) Physicochemical studies on xylinan (acetan). II. Characterization by static light scattering. Biopolymers 39:721728. 25 Harding, S.E., G. Berth, J. Hartmann, K. Jumel, H. Cölfen and B.E. Christensen (1996) Physicochemical studies on xylinan (acetan). III. Hydrodynamic characterization by analytical ultrasentrifugation and dynamic light scattering. Biopolymers 39:729-736. 26 Christensen, B.E., O. Aune, S. Hagen, A. Berge and J. Ugelstad (1996) Macroporous, monodisperse particles and their application in aqueous size exclusion chromatography of high molecular weight polysaccharides. Carbohydr. Polym. 29:217-223. 27 Draget, K.I., G. Skjåk-Bræk, B.E. Christensen, O. Gåserød and O. Smidsrød (1996) Swelling and partial solubilization of alginic acid gel beads in acidic buffer. Carbohydr. Polym. 29:209215. 26.05.11 Page 5/9 28 Ottøy, M.H., K.M. Vårum, B.E. Christensen, M.W. Anthonsen and O. Smidsrød (1996) Preparative and analytical size-exclusion chromatography of chitosans. Carbohydr. Polym. 31:253-261. 29 Christensen, B.E., M. Myhr and O. Smidsrød (1996) Degradation of double-stranded xanthan by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ferrous ions: Comparison to acid hydrolysis. Carbohydr. Res. 280:85-99 30 Hjerde, T., O. Smidsrød and B.E. Christensen (1996) The influence of the conformational state of κ- and ι-carrageenan on the rate of acid hydrolysis. Carbohydr. Res. 288:175-187. 31 Stokke, B.T. and B.E. Christensen (1996) Release of disordered xanthan oligomers upon partial acid hydrolysis of double-stranded xanthan. Food Hydrocolloids 10:83-89. 32*inv Stokke, B.T., B.E. Christensen and O. Smidsrød (1996) Macromolecular properties of xanthan. In: Polysaccharides in Medicine and Biotechnology (Ed. S. Dumitriu), Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 433-472. 33*inv Christensen, B.E., B.T. Stokke and O. Smidsrød (1996) Depolymerization of xanthan. In: The polymeric materials encyclopedia, Synthesis, properties and Applications (Ed. J.C. Salamone), CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, 11:8781-8788. 34 Christensen, B.E. and O. Smidsrød (1996) Dependence on the content of unsubstituted (cellulosic) regions in prehydrolysed xanthans on the rate of hydrolysis by Trichoderma reseii endoglucanase. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 18:93-99. 35 Abrahamson, M., Z. Lewandowski, G. Geesey, G. Skjåk-Bræk, W. Strand and B.E. Christensen (1996) Development of an artificial biofilm to study the effects of a single microcolony on mass transport. J. Microbiol. Meth. 26:161-169. 36 Berth, G., H. Dautzenberg, B.E. Christensen, S.E. Harding, G. Rother and O. Smidsrød (1996) Static light scattering studies on xanthan in aqueous solutions. Macromolecules 29:3491-3498. 37 Christensen, B.E., O. Smidsrød and B.T. Stokke (1996) Metastable, partially depolymerized xanthans and rearrangements (annealing) towards perfectly matched duplex structures. Macromolecules 29:2939-2944. 38 Hjerde, T., B.T. Stokke, O. Smidsrød and B.E. Christensen (1998) Free radical degradation of triple-stranded scleroglucan by hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ions. Carbohydr. Polym. 37:4148. 39 Hjerde, T., O. Smidsrød and B.E. Christensen (1996) The influence of the conformational state of κ- and ι-carrageenan on the rate of acid hydrolysis. Carbohydr. Res. 288:175-187 40 Hjerde, T., O. Smidsrød and B.E. Christensen (1999) Analysis of the conformational properties of κ- and ι-carrageenan by size-exclusion chromatography- (SEC) combined with low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS). Biopolymers 49: 71-80. 41 Hjerde, T., O. Smidsrød, B.T. Stokke and B.E. Christensen (1998) Acid hydrolysis of κ- and ιcarrageenan in the disordered and ordered conformations: Characterization of partially hydrolyzed samples and single-stranded oligomers released from the ordered structures. Macromolecules 31:1842-1851. 42inv Christensen, B.E. (1999) Physical and chemical properties of extracellular polysaccharides associated with biofilms and related systems. In: Bacterial extracellular polymeric substances (Eds. J. Wingender, T. Neu, H.-C. Fleming), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 143-154. 43* Christensen, B.E. (1997) Polysaccharides. In: Plant based speciality products and biopolymers. Tema Nord 1997:606. Nordic council of ministers, Copenhagen, pp 160-167. 26.05.11 Page 6/9 44 Guo, B., A. Elgsaeter, B.E. Christensen and B.T. Stokke (1998) Sclerox-chitosan co-gels: Effects of charge density on swelling of gels in ionic aqueous solution and in poor solvents, and on the rehydration of dried gels. Polym. Gels Networks 6:471-492. 45 Schult, T., S.T. Moe, T. Hjerde and B.E. Christensen (2000) Size exclusion chromatography of cellulose dissolved in LiCl/DMAc using macroporous monodisperse poly(styrene-codivinylbenzene) particles. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 23, 2277-2288. 46 Christensen, B.E, A-S. Ulset, M.U. Beer, B. E. Knuckles, D.L. Williams, M.L. Fishman, H.K. Chau, and P.J. Wood (2001). Macromolecular characterisation of three barley ß-glucan standards by size-exclusion chromatography combined with light scattering and viscometry: An interlaboratory study. Carbohydr. Polym. 45, 11-22. 47 Roubroeks, J.P., R. Andersson, D.I. Mastromauro, B.E. Christensen and P. Åman (2001). Molecular weight, structure and shape of oat (1→3),(1→4)-β-D-glucan fractions obtained by enzymatic degradation with (1→4)-β-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase from Trichoderma reesei. Carbohydr. Polym. 46, 275-285. 48 Roubroeks, J.P., G. Skjåk-Bræk, L. Ryan, and B.E. Christensen (2000). Molecular weight dependency on the production of the TNF stimulated by fractions of rye (1→3),(1→4)-β-Dglucan. Scand. J. Immunol. 52, 584-587. 49 Christensen, B.E., E. Aasprong and B.T. Stokke (2001). Gelation of periodate oxidised scleroglucan (scleraldehyde). Carbohydr. Polym. 46, 241-248. 50 Børsheim, K.Y., B.E. Christensen and T.J. Painter (2001). Preservation of fish by embedment in Sphagnum moss, peat or holocellulose: Experimental proof of the oxopolysaccharidic nature of the preservative substance and of its antimicrobial and tanning action. Innovative Food Sci. and Emerging Technologies 2/1, 63-74. 51 Christensen, B.E., H. Ertesvåg, H. Beyenal and Z. Lewandowski (2001). Resistance of biofilms to disintegration by AlgL. Biofouling 17, 203-210. 52 Roubroeks, J.P., D.I. Mastromauro, R. Andersson, B.E. Christensen, and P. Åman (2000). Molecular weight, structure and shape of oat (1→3),(1→4)-β-D-glucan fractions obtained by enzymatic degradation with lichenase. Biomacromolecules 1, 584-591. 53 Tømmeraas, K., K.M. Vårum, B.E. Christensen, and O. Smidsrød (2001). Preparation and characterisation of oligosaccharides produced by nitrous acid depolymerisation of chitosans. Carbohydr. Res. 333, 137-144. 54 Fredheim, G.E., S.M. Braaten, and B.E. Christensen (2002). Molecular weight determination of lignosulfonates by size exclusion chromatography and multi-angle laser light scattering. J. Chromatogr. A. 942, 191-199. 55 Tømmeraas, K., M. Köping-Höggård, K.M. Vårum, B.E. Christensen, P. Artursson, and O. Smidsrød (2002). Preparation and characterisation of chitosans with oligosaccharide branches. Carbohydr. Res. 337, 2455-2462. 56 *Tømmeraas, K., K.M. Vårum, B.E. Christensen and O. Smidsrød (2000). Preparation and th characterisation of branched chitosans. Proc. 8 Int. Chitosan/Chitin Conference, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20.-23. september, 2000. 57 Fredheim, G.E., S.M. Braaten, and B.E. Christensen (2003). Comparison of molecular weight and molecular weight distributions of softwood and hardwood lignosulfonates. J. Wood. Chem. Technol., 23, 197-215. 58 Köping-Höggård, M., M. Issa, S. Danielsen, B.E. Christensen, K.M. Vårum, B.T. Stokke and P. Artursson (2004) A new approach to chitosan-mediated gene delivery based on easily dissociated chitosan polyplexes of highly defined chitosan oligomers. Gene Therapy, 11(19), 1441-1452. 26.05.11 Page 7/9 59 Fredheim, G.E. and B.E. Christensen (2003) Polyelectrolyte complexes: Interactions between lignosulfonate and chitosan. Biomacromolecules, 4, 232-239. 60 Cristiana Campa, Astrid Oust, Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk, Bjørn E. Christensen, Berit Smestad Paulsen, Sergio Paoletti, Simon Ballance (2004). Determination of the molecular weight and distribution of oligosaccharides in a partially acid hydrolysed homopolysaccharide: a comparison of four experimental methods applied to mannuronan. J. Chromatogr. A. 1026, 271-281. 61 Morten Eikenes, Gry Alfredsen, Bjørn E. Christensen, Holger Militz, Halvor Solheim (2005) Comparison of chitosan with different molecular weights as possible wood preservative. J. Wood Sci. 51, 387-394. 62 *Simon Ballance, Yngve Børsheim and Bjørn E. Christensen (2004) A unique 5-keto furanose in the leaves of Sphagnum moss: a review of the evidence. 12th International Peat Congress. Tampere, Finland. (Ed. Päivänen) J. Finish Peatland Soc. 293-299. 63 Inger Mari N. Vold, Kåre A. Kristiansen and Bjørn E. Christensen (2006) A study of the chain stiffness in epimerised and periodate-oxidised alginates using size-exclusion chromatography combined with light-scattering and viscosity detectors. Biomacromolecules, 7, 2136-2146. 64 Inger Mari N. Vold and Bjørn E. Christensen (2005). Periodate oxidation of chitosans with different chemical compositions Carbohydr. Res. 340, 679-684 65 Marit Sletmoen, Bjørn E. Christensen, and Bjørn T. Stokke (2005) Probing macromolecular architectures of nanosized cyclic structures of (1,3)-β-D-glucans by AFM and SEC-MALLS. Carbohydr. Res. 340, 971-979. 66 Simon Ballance, Synnøve Holtan, Olav Andreas Aarstad, Pawel Sikorski, Gudmund SkjåkBræk, Bjørn E. Christensen (2005). Application of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection and statistical analysis to study oligosaccharide distributions. Complementary method to investigate the structure and some properties of alginates. J. Chromatogr. A. 1093, 59-68. 67 Gimmestad, M., Steigedal, M., Ertesvåg, H., Moreno, S., Christensen, B. E., Espín, G. and Valla, S. (2006). Identification and characterization of an Azotobacter vinelandii type I secretion system responsible for export of the AlgE-type mannuronan C-5-epimerases. J. Bacteriol. 188, 5551-5560 68 Sabina P. Strand, Signe Danielsen, Bjørn E. Christensen and Kjell M. Vårum (2005). Influence of chitosan structure on the formation and stability of DNA-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes. Biomacromolecules 2005, 6, 3357-3366 69 Simon Ballance, Knut Yngve Børsheim, Kari Inngjerdingen, Berit Smestad Paulsen and Bjørn E. Christensen (2007). Partial characterisation and re-examination of polysaccharides released by mild acid hydrolysis from the chlorite-treated leaves of Sphagnum papillosum. Carbohydr. Polym. 67, 104-115. 70 Karianne Bakkevig, Håvard Sletta, Martin Gimmestad, Randi Aune, Helga Ertesvåg, Kristin Degnes, Bjørn E. Christensen, Trond E. Ellingsen and Svein Valla (2005). Role of the Pseudomonas fluorescens alginate lyase (AlgL) in clearing the periplasm of alginates not exported to the extracellular environment. J. Bacteriol. 187, 8375-8384. 71 Mohamed M. Issa, Magnus Köping-Höggård, Kristoffer Tømmeraas, Kjell M. Vårum, Bjørn E. Christensen , Sabina P. Strand, Per Artursson. Targeted gene delivery with trisaccharidesubstituted chitosan oligomers in vitro and after lung administration in vivo. J. Controlled Release 115 (2006) 103–112. 72 Simon Ballance, Kåre A. Kristiansen, Jarle Holt, Bjørn E. Christensen (2008). Interactions of polysaccharides extracted by mild acid hydrolysis from the leaves of Sphagnum papillosum with phenylhydrazine, o-phenylenediamine or collagen. Carbohydr. Polym. 71, 550-558. 26.05.11 Page 8/9 73 Bjørn E. Christensen, Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk, Olav Smidsrød (2007). Comment on Conformational Changes and Aggregation of Alginic Acid as Determined By Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Biomacromolecules 8, 3279. 74 Salehi, P., Walker, J., Madsen, K. L., Sigurdson, G. T., Strand, B. L., Christensen, B. E., Jewell, L. D. and Churchill, T. A. (2007). Relationship between energetic stress and proapoptotic/cytoprotective kinase mechanisms in intestinal preservation. Surgery 141, (6), 795803. 75 Valla, Svein; Steigedal, Magnus; Sletta, Håvard; Moreno, Soledad; Christensen, Bjørn E.; Bjerkan, Tonje; Ellingsen, Trond E.; Espin, Guadalupe; Ertesvåg, Helga. (2008) The Azotobacter vinelandii AlgE mannuronan C-5 epimerase family is essential for the in vivo control of alginate monomer composition and for functional cyst formation. Environmental Microbiology (2008) 10(7), 1760–1770. 76 Christensen, B.E., Vold, I.M.N., Vårum, K.M. (2008) Chain stiffness and extension of chitosans and periodate oxidised chitosans studied by size exclusion chromatography combined with light scattering and viscosity detector. Carbohydr. Polym. 74, 559-565. 77 Strand, Sabina; Issa, Mohamed; Christensen, Bjørn E.; Vaarum, Kjell; Artursson, Per (2008) Tailoring of chitosans for gene delivery: Novel self-branched glycosylated chitosan oligomers with improved functional properties. Biomacromolecules, 9, 3268-3276. 78 Torunn Stalheim, Simon Ballance, Bjørn E. Christensen and Per Einar Granum (2009). Sphagnan - a pectin-like polymer isolated from Sphagnum moss can inhibit the growth of some typical food spoilage and food poisoning bacteria by lowering the pH. J. Appl. Microbiol. 106, 967–976. 79 Simon Ballance, Olav Andreas Aarstad, Finn Lillelund Aachmann, Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk, Bjørn E. Christensen (2009). Preparation of monodisperse mannuronan oligomers by sizeexclusion chromatography followed by semi-preparative high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Carbohydr. Res. 344, 255-259 80 Kåre A. Kristiansen, Simon Ballance, Antje Potthast & Bjørn E. Christensen (2009). An evaluation of tritium and fluorescence labelling combined with multi detector SEC for the detection of carbonyl group distributions in polysaccharides. Carbohydr. Polym. 76, 196-205. 81 Kåre A. Kristiansen, Bjørn C. Schirmer, Finn Aachmann, Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk, Kurt I. Draget and Bjørn E. Christensen (2009). Novel alginates prepared by independent control of chain stiffness and distribution of G-blocks: Structure and gelling properties. Carbohydrate Polym. 77, 725-735. 82 Masayuki Hara, Naoki Koshimizu, Mayumi Yoshida, Ingvild J. Haug, Ann-Sissel T. Ulset, Bjørn E. Christensen (2010) Cross-linking and depolymerisation of γ-irradiated fish gelatin and porcine gelatin studied by SEC-MALLS and SDS-PAGE: A comparative study. J. Biomaterials Sci., 21, 877–892. 83 Martin Chytil, Sabina Strand, Bjørn E. Christensen, Miloslav Pekar (2010) Calorimetric and light scattering study of interactions and macromolecular properties of native and hydrophobically modified hyaluronan. Carbohydr. Polym., 81, 855-863. 84 Kåre A. Kristiansen, Antje Potthast, Bjørn E. Christensen (2010) Periodate oxidation of polysaccharides for modification of chemical and physical properties (Review). Carbohydr. Res. 345, 1264–1271 85 Shiho Suzuki, Bjørn E. Christensen, Shinichi Kitamura (2010) Effect of Mannuronate Content and Molecular Weight of Alginates on Intestinal Immunological Activity through Peyerʼs Patch Cells of C3H/HeJ Mice. Carbohydr. Polym. In press (Accepted 12 August 2010). 26.05.11 Page 9/9 86 Kristoffer Tømmeraas, Sabina P Strand, Bjørn E Christensen, Olav Smidsrød, Kjell M Vårum (2010) Preparation and Characterization of Branched Chitosans. Carbohydr. Polym. 83, 15581564. 87 Mellegård, H., Strand, S. P., Christensen, B. E., Granum, P. E., and Hardy, S. P. (2011) Antibacterial activity of chemically defined chitosans: influence of molecular weight, degree of acetylation and test organism Int. J. Food Microbiolol. Accepted 26 April 2011 (in press). doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.04.023 26.05.11