Presentation - Life Sciences Outreach at Harvard University
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Summer 2009 Workshop in Biology and Multimedia for High School Teachers Chemical Basis of Life • • • • • HHMI - Summer 2009 Workshop - Physiology and Morphology - Elizabeth Mick PowerPoint Lecture Animations pH Lab, Energy lab, Enzyme Labs Design an Experiment - Nutrition and Exercise background Possible collaboration with Phys Ed Department Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Chemical Basis of Life • Possible Assessments: Test or Case Study, Lab analysis Paper or Lab Report • • http:/www.sciencecases.org/atkins/notes.asp http://www.sciencecases.org/carbohydrates/carbohydrates _notes.asp Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Chemical Basis of Life Name the Hierarchy levels http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jordan_by_L ipofsky_16577.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Circulat ory_System_en.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heart.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mitocho ndria,_mammalian_lung_-_TEM.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Il lu_muscle_tissues.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Biological_cell.svg http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/F ile:ADN_animation.gif http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil e:Rutherford_atom.svg Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. STRUCTURE OF MATTER • ATOMIC STRUCTURE • BONDING OF ATOMS • ISOTOPES • MOLECULES AND COMPOUNDS • CHEMICAL REACTIONS http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rutherford_atom.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ionic_bonding_animation.gif Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. ACIDS AND BASES • pH Scale • Hydrogen ions vs Hydroxide ions • What are Indicators? • We’ll be doing a pH lab http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PH_scale.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Chemical Makeup of Cells Inorganic and Organic • Inorganic • Water - H2O • Oxygen • Carbon dioxide - CO2 • Salts • Organic • Carbohydrates • Lipid • Proteins • Nucleic Acids Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. WATER, WATER, EVERYWHERE! • • WHAT IS POLARITY? WHAT TYPES OF BONDS? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:3D_model_hydrogen_bonds_in_water.jpg AND… WHY IS POLARITY IMPORTANT? • • • ADHESION PROPERTIES CAPILLARY ACTION - WHY DOES THIS WORK WELL FOR PLANTS? WATER EXPANDS WHEN IT FREEZES - WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? http://en.wikivisual.com/images/9/96/Water_drops_on_spider_web.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Iceberg_with_hole_near_sanderson_hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coastal_redwood.jpg Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. • • • • AND MORE IMPORTANT! HIGH BOILING POINT WHY IS THIS A GOOD THING FOR YOU? HIGH HEAT OF VAPORIZATION - WHY IS THIS GOOD FOR OUR ENVIRONMENT? UNIVERSAL SOLVENT DOES IT DISSOLVE EVERYTHING? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mainecoast.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oil-spill.jpg HIGH SURFACE TENSION CAUSED BY WEAK INTERACTIONS OF VAN DER WAALS FORCE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Havas u_Falls_2_md.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wasserl%C3 %A4ufer_bei_der_Paarung_crop.jpg Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Why are things called Organic? • • CARBON! What makes Carbon so versatile? • • • • What is Carbons atomic number? Multiple bonding Different shapes - straight, branches, rings Isomers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chirality_with_hands.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Structural_isomers.png Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. How do single molecules become multiple molecules?….How do multiple molecules become single molecules? • Monomers and Polymers • Condensation - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sucrose_3Dprojection.png Dehydration Reactions • Hydrolysis Reactions http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alp ha-D-Glucose.svg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wik i/File:Beta-D-Fructose-1phosphat.svg Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Condensation or Hydrolysis Reaction? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AminoacidCondensation.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amide_hydrolysis.png Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Carbohydrates Organic Compounds • Main Function - Source for Energy Storage and Transport - You knew this! • • Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spaghetti.jpg Simplest - called Monosaccharide • • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fruit_bowl.jpg Complex - called Polysaccharide • • Glucose http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Glucose_Fisher_to_Haworth.gi f Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose What Bonds hold Carbohydrates together? http://en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/File:ColoredcandyC.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amylose_3Dprojection.corrected.png Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. • • • • • • • Lipids - Organic Compounds What is the alias for Lipids? Main Function - Energy storage and Transport http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fat_triglyceride_shorthand_formula.PNG Other functions - Insulation, Protective covering, and Food Preparation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Myristic_acid.png Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Are lipids soluble or insoluble in water? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Peanutjar.jpg Saturated vs Unsaturated What Bonds Hold Lipids together? http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Chocolate_ice_cream.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trimyristin-3D-vdW.png Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. • • • • • • Proteins - Organic Compounds Functions - 1000’s - You are required to know them all Hahaha ! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blan klax,_Iduns_kokbok.jpg Contracting Muscles, Transporting Oxygen, Provide Immunity, Carry out Chemical Reactions, and Regulate other Proteins http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Myoglobin.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi le:Rooster_portrait2.jpg Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Nitrogen What are the Building Blocks of Proteins called? What Bonds hold Amino Acids together? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peptidformationball.svg Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Some Proteins are ENZYMES • Increases the Speed of Reactions • Involved in almost all Metabolic Reactions • About Enzymes • Active Site - Specific for each Substrate Lock and Key • Reuseable • What do you think can Inactivate Enzymes? • You will be doing a lab - Factors that could effect Enzyme Action http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GLO1_Homo_sapiens_small_fast.gif Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. ENZYME Animations • • • http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology 1111/animations/enzyme.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4OPO6JQLOE &feature=PlayList&p=81813A34957BF513&playnex t=1&playnext_from=PL&index=27 http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a 1/digest/enzymes.htm • • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AFbPHlh I13g&feature=PlayList&p=81813A34957BF 513&index=28&playnext=2&playnext_from =PL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GLO1_Homo_sapiens_small_fast.gif Only 1st 6 minutes of above animation - the rest is an advertisement Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. substrate s Active site enzyme Binding of enzyme and substrate Product Enzyme ready to be reused! Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme ENZYME IS REUSEABLE Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Nucleic Acids - Organic Compounds • • • • • Function of DNA - Forms the Genetic Code that determines how an Organism Looks and Acts Function of RNA - makes Proteins http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_ Genetics/Print_version What are the Building blocks of Nucleic Acids called? Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate We will learn more about Nucleic Acids later on - contain your excitement! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GLO1_Homo_sapiens_small_fast.gif Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College. References • • • • • • • Glencoe – Dynamics of Biology 2004 Vernier – Biology with Computers – Energy in Food http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5630 0&pf=3&page=2 http://www.iloveindia.com/fitness/aerobics/chair-aerobics.html http://befitandstrong.com/butt-exercises-the-step-up/ http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/200503/1112145910.Gb.r.html http://www.annecollins.com/body-fat-adipose-tissue-guide.htm Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
