KOS
The microwave multifunctional
tissue processor
林臻鞠
友聯光學有限公司
unionopt@ms11.hinet.net
02-26980508
2013.10.31
Microwave
heating
A bit of theory
Theory of microwave heating
Wavelengths range from 1mm to 1m
Frequency allowed for commercial, medical
and scientific applications:
2,450 MHz (12.2 cm wavelength)
Heating is caused by
- Dipole rotation
- Ionic migration
Theory of microwave heating
Microwaves are not ionising radiation
Microwaves energy is largely below the
energy necessary to break the bonds of
common organic molecules
Energy
Microwaves radiation (2.450 MHz) quantum energy (eV)
0,0016
Chemical bond energy (eV)
H-OH 5,2
CH3-CH3 3,8
Hydrogen bond (water)
0,21
Interaction of materials
with microwaves
METALS
Reflective
WATER
Absorptive
PTFE, PP, TPX
Transparent
to Microwaves
Interaction of materials
with microwaves

Reflective
Metals

Absorptive
Water, alcohols
• Transparent to Microwaves
PTFE, PP, Cassette, WAX, Glass
Conventional Heating
The temperature of the outside
surface of the vessel is in excess
of the boiling point of the solution
CONVECTIVE
CURRENTS
CONDUCTIVE
HEATING
SOLUTION
傳導性的
Container is heated first then the
solution.
Microwave heating
SOLUTION
MICROWAVE
HEATING
Solution is heated first
Shorter Reaction
Times
Perception
• Microwaves cook my samples
Reality
Microwaves create physical heat like
conventionals do but internally the
tissues. Better homogenity & efficiency.
• Rapid processing = poor morphology
Today’s technology makes 12-14hours
a useless waste of time. Quality is
guaranteed priority.
• Antigens will be lost forever
Diagnostic equivalence is validated by
studies showing optimal antigen
reactivity.
• Molecular studies are not possible
Microwave do not affect DNA, RNA and
proteins’ quality at all.
• Day processing is useless
Day processing = same day diagnosis
= patient centric care
KOS
The microwave multifunctional
tissue processor
State of the Art
Microwave is switched OFF if:
1.Cavity ventilation is compromised
2.Solvent in cavity is above Threshold
3.Humidity in cavity exceeds set value
4.Microwave leak is detected
KOS
• Tissue processing
• Decalcification
• Special stains
• Gross hardening
• Fixation
•Antigen retrieval (93°C to 120°C)
In a fraction of the time
KOS: Smart and Fast
The first Icon driven HistoStation
KOS*
• Multifunctional: 1 unit 6 applications
• Fast: Just plug-in and process
• Reliable: Sensors controlled
• Flexible: User programs / Favorites
• Safe: Sensors monitored
• Smart: Icons driven
Multifunctional: ONE unit SIX major applications
• Fulfilling all requirements set by
CAP/C.L.S.I.
• Ideal substitute for “kitchen type”
microwave oven
Rapid Tissue processing
Same day results for all tissue types.
• From 1 to 45 cassettes
• Up to 3 mm thickness
• Ideal for transplant center • Safe. No xylene
• Urgent biopsies
• Ethanol – isopropanol
only
Fast, unmatched
tissue processing time
.
• 35 minutes
For transplant biopsies
including fixation
• 75 minutes
For 2 mm biopsies
Add 18 min fixation
• 140 minutes
For 3 mm biopsies
Add 28 min fixation
High Quality Slides
Excellent H&E, IHC and FISH
In a fraction of the time
Colonic Biopsy
H&E, x400
Adenocarcinoma
Cytokaratin
CAM 5.2, x400
Breast Red-Labeled
HER2-FISH, x800
Breast, HER2
IHC, x400
SMART . ICONS DRIVEN MENU
1) Select thickness
.
2) Select number of cassettes
.
3) Select reagents
4) Press GO
5) Press START.
That’s all
Time left will be shown
on the terminal
Any protocol as Favorite
Special Stains
Up to 16 slides
Up to 76% time saving for staining protocols
1) Select stains menu
2) Select specific stain
3) Follow step by step
indications
4) Selected program is
prestored ready to use.
Dedicated Histomodules
4K, up to 4 cassette
45K, up to 45 cassette
16s, up to 16 slides
A review of some key
factors influencing the
quality of sections and
stains
Bench-level quality factors
• Pre-fixation
• Fixation
• Grossing
• Processing
• Embedding
• Microtomy
• Flotation
• Section drying
• H&E and special stains
• IHC, ISH and FISH
• Coverslipping
Pre-fixation damage
“If tissue is not in a healthy, living state when
it is fixed, it can reveal only abnormal details,
whatever its subsequent treatment.”
Bracegirdle B. A History of Microtechnique
Pre-fixation damage: examples
Heat damage
Dessication
Crush artifact
Autolysis
Fixation: common problems
Inappropriate containers
Inadequate volume of
formalin
Poor quality fixative
Tissue fragments
roughly handled
THANK YOU !