THERMAL INSULATION IN THE NEW ERA
INSULATION THICKNESS IN EUROPE
ROOFS
INSULATION THICKNESS IN EUROPE
WALLS
ENERGY LOSSES IN EUROPE
ROOFS
ENERGY LOSSES IN EUROPE
WALLS
THE NEW REALITY
• CO2 emissions increase due to increased energy consumption.
• Result is climate change.
• Result is even higher energy consumption.
• Closed loop effect.
• On top of that oil prices increased by 80%.
THE ONLY RELIABLE SOLUTION IS PROPER THERMAL INSULATION
• Increased energy consumption in industry due to growth is inevitable.
• Decrease energy consumption in housing by efficient thermal insulation.
CALCULATION OF OPTIMUM INSULATION THICKNESS
BUILDING ENERGY LOSSES
10%
THERMAL TRANSPORT MECHANISMS
• Conduction through material mass.
• Convention via gas phase movement.
• Radiation.
CONDUCTION THERMAL TRANSPORT
HOT
(lots of vibration)
COLD
(not much vibration)
Heat travels
along the rod
CONVENTION THERMAL TRANSPORT BY GAS PHASE
CONVENTION THERMAL TRANSPORT – HOME RADIATOR
THERMAL TRANSPORT VIA RADIATION
Increased temperature
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
λ
MATERIAL
?
Kcal/m h C
COPPER
MARMOR / GRANITE
BETON
PLASTER
BRICK
WOOD OAK
WOOD PINE
330
3
1.8
0.8
0.5
0.2
0.1
POLYURETHANE (Solid)
POLYSTYRENE (Solid)
0.2
0.1
WATER
0.5
AIR (dry
(
/ still)
HFC 152a/134a
CO2
0,023 *
0.013
0.014
IS AIR A THERMOINSULATING AGENT?
λ (dry / still) = 0.023 kcal / m h C
Vertical Air Mass
Thickness d (mm)
λ
A
I
R
10
50
100
0.0652
0.23
0.5
d
Vertical Air Mass
AIR
d
Thickness d (mm)
λ
10
0.0625
20
0.12
50
0.26
THEORY OF THERMAL INSULATING MATERIALS
Factors Affecting λ Value Of Cellular Plastic Materials
1. Gas λ value (Humidity content )
2. Solid λ value
3. Cell structure
4. Percentage of closed cells
5. Diffusion of gases
Chemical nature /permeability
Cell size ( Small cells better than big cells)
Skin Layer
Geometry (Thicker = better)
Conditions ( T and RH )
Types of Thermal Insulation
Cork
Glass Wool
EPS
XPS
Types of Thermal Insulation
HUMIDITY - THE WORST ENEMY OF THERMAL INSULATION
EFFECT OF HUMIDITY ON THE THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY OF CELLULAR FOAMS
AT START
28 days in water
28 days in humidity
Product
λ
Water
(Kcal/hm°C)
EPS
12 Kg/m3
λ
(Kcal/hm°C)
Absorption
Water
λ
(Kcal/hm°C)
Absorption
Water
0.035
0%
0.048
12%
0.068
41%
EPS 25 Kg/m3
pressed
0.032
o%
0.041
6%
0.051
21%
AplaXFoam XPS 32Kg/m3
0.025
0%
0.0255
0.40%
0.0272
2.26%
BASIC INSULATING MATERIALS
BASIC INSULATING MATERIALS
Dry condition / 100mm thick
4
3.5
2.5
2
R-Value (m KW)
3
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
AplaXFoam 32kg/m3
EPS 20kg/m3
Perlite Cement Board
200kg/m3
BASIC INSULATING MATERIALS
350
AplaXFoam Products and EPS
Strenght - kPa
300
AplaXFoam
100
AplaXFoam SL
EPS 20kg/m3
BASIC INSULATING MATERIALS
The retained thermal resistance after 18 months on the exterior foundation wall.
Retained Thermal Resistance
97%
71%
58%
AplaXFoam
EPS
Polyurethane
BASIC INSULATING MATERIALS
How the insulation acts when exposed to moisture.
Retained Thermal Resistance
98%
77%
AplaXFoam
EPS
85%
Polyurethane
BASIC INSULATING MATERIALS
How insulations acts when exposed to moisture vapors.
Retained Thermal Resistance
93%
35%
18%
AplaXFoam
EPS
Polyurethane
BASIC INSULATING MATERIALS
How the insulation acts when exposed to freeze - thaw cycling.
Retained Thermal Resistance
98.5%
30%
5.5%
AplaXFoam
EPS
Polyurethane
BASIC INSULATING MATERIALS
• EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE
• FIBERS (GLASS - ROCK )
• EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE
XPS – Extruded Polystyrene
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Implementation of up to date technology.
Excellent thermal insulation.
Low retention of water and humidity.
High mechanic resistance.
High compression resistance.
Dimensional stability.
Homogeneous density to mass.
Resistance to the action of acids and bases.
Insensitive to temperature variations.
Compatibility to materials used in constructions (cement, gypsum).
Easy to transport, cut and applied.
Self extinguishing properties.
Clean, odorless, non irritating to skin.
PROPERTIES STABLE THROUGH TIME
SELECTION OF INSULATION SYSTEM AND MATERIAL
• Study and analysis of the total problem.
• Selection of the best solution.
• Assurance of properties for long time.
• Incorporation of all cost affecting parameters.
THE INSULATION OF FLAT ROOFS –INVERSED ROOF
• Insulation of flat roof with the traditional method
the insulation is under the waterproofing (EPS-STONEWOOL)
• Insulation of flat roofs with the inversed roof principal
the insulation is above the waterproofing material (XPS)
THE INSULATION OF FLAT ROOFS –TRADITIONAL ROOF
THE INSULATION OF FLAT ROOFS –INVERSED ROOF
DAY NIGHT TEMP VARIATION FOR MEMBRANE
Temperature Variation Day Night
80
Temperature
60
40
20
0
-20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Month
DAY
NIGHT
10 11 12
FAQ
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FAQ
FAQ
FAQ
FAQ
FAQ
FAQ
For a facade what should I use: XPS or EPS or stone wool ?
Is polyurethane a bad insulating material ?
Is cellular cement a good insulating material ?
Is stone wool better than XPS as a thermal insulating material?
Is XPS a sound insulating material?
Is stone wool a good sound insulating material?
For a flat roof what thermal insulation should I use ?
Thank you!