Chapter 3: Get a Charge Out of
Matter
► Engage: What’s Shocking
► Explore: Particular Properties
► Explain: The Solution to Solutions
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Part
Part
Part
Part
I:Different Charges
II: Paper Charges
III: Bending the Rules
IV: Resolving Dissolving
► Explain:
Charge Those Particles
 Part I: Getting Charged
 Part II: Ionization vs. Dissociation
 Part III: Sharing Electrons
Entry Task
► New
Seating Chart!.
ENGAGE:
What’s Shocking?
Learning Target
I can observe how different solutions conduct electricity.
Class Work
Pgs. 102-104
Process & Procedure: #1-3, 6-8
Reflect & Connect: #1-4
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Use IQIA
Complete Sentences
Provide examples from activity
Restate the Law of Conservation of Matter (#3)
REVIEW & TURN IN
EXPLORE:
Particular Properties
Learning Target
I can group common substances according to
their physical properties.
Vocabulary
► PROPERTIES:
information about a
substance that describes it and helps
identify it
► SOLUBILITY:
the ability of a substance
or material to be dissolved
► HARDNESS:
a measure of how easily a
material or substance can be scratched
► MELTING POINT:
the temperature at
which a solid becomes a liquid
Class Work
Pgs. 104-108
► Process
& Procedure: #2, 5
► Reflect & Connect: #1-4
Use IQIA
Complete Sentences
Provide examples from activity
Accurately fill place the new substances in the proper
categories (#2)
 Accurately place water, isopropyl alcohol, and baby oil
in the correct categories
REVIEW & TURN IN
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Compound
Appearance
Hardness
Conductivity
(as solid)
Solubility in
Water
Conductivity
(as liquid or
solution)
Aspirin
No
Weak
Cornstarch
No
Weak
Deicer
No
Strong
Epsom Salt
No
Strong
Paraffin Wax
No
N/A
Sugar
No
Weak
Table Salt
No
Strong
Vitamin C
No
Weak
Melting
Point
Compound
Appearance
Hardness
Conductivity
(as solid)
Solubility in
Water
Conductivity Melting
(as liquid Point
or
solution)
Aspirin
White,
Powder
Soft
No
Partially
Weak
Low
Cornstarch
White,
Powder
Soft
No
Partially
Weak
Low
Deicer
White,
Crystals
Hard, Brittle
No
Yes
Strong
High
Epsom Salt
White,
Crystals
Hard, Brittle
No
Yes
Strong
High
Paraffin Wax
Gray, Greasy
Soft
No
No
N/A
Low
Sugar
White,
Crystals
Hard, Brittle
No
Yes
Weak
Medium
Table Salt
White,
Crystals
Hard, Brittle
No
Yes
Strong
High
Vitamin C
White,
Powder
Soft
No
Partially
Weak
Low
Strong Conductors (in solution)
Material
Common Properties
Deicer
Strong conductors
Epsom Salt
Soluble in Water
Table Salt
High melting temperature
Do not conduct as solid
Crystals
Hard
Weak/Non Conductors (in solution)
Material
Common Properties
Aspirin
Weak conductors
Cornstarch
Soluble or not in Water
Paraffin
Low melting temperature
Sugar
Do not conduct as solid
Vitamin C
Powdery
Soft
EXPLAIN:
The Solution to Solutions
(PART ONE—Different Charges)
Pages 111-115
Learning Target
I understand that all matter is conductive.
I understand how charges interact.
Vocabulary
► ELECTROSCOPE:
a device used to
detect electric charges
► CHARGE:
a property of all particles that
determines whether they are attracted or
repulsed by other particles
► CONDUCTION: to move or transfer
charge from one place to another
Metal nails driven through each
end of the electroscope.
The nails are effective
conductors because they are
made of metal.
Swizzle sticks are made of
plastic which are good
insulators. These swizzle
sticks are connected by a
nail.
A swizzle stick is taped
to an upside-down
coffee cup.
Because the knife is more
NEGATIVE. That means
that the knife BECAME
more negative because it
GAINED more negative.
The glass is more
POSITIVE. That
means that the
glass BECAME
more positive
because it LOST
more negative.
EXPLAIN:
The Solution to Solutions
(PART TWO — Paper Charges)
Pages 115-116
Learning Target
I can explain how plus and minus charges
interact.
I can explain why matter exhibits both
positive and negative charges.
Process & Procedure 1-4
Stop & Think 1, 2
Examples: Stop & Think 1
Using MICROSCOPIC drawings.
Explain what is happening in this
drawing. Use the terms: charge,
conduction, plus, minus, movement.
EXPLAIN:
The Solution to Solutions
(PART THREE — Bending the Rules)
Pages 117-119
Learning Target
I can infer what kind of molecule water is
based on its conductive behavior.
I can determine what substances are like
water based on water’s conductive behavior
and its physical characteristics of matter.
Stop & Think 1-3
Water Stream
Water Stream
What happens to a
water stream when
a negative rod is
brought near?
The stream is attracted to the negative rod.
Water Stream
What happens to a
water stream when
a positive rod is
brought near?
The stream is attracted to the positive rod.
Water Stream
Why does the
stream attract to
both positive and
negative rods?
Water has to be both negative and positive.
Water Molecules
►Compass
►Dipole
Water is a polar molecule
Water Stream
A stream of water
is a random
collection of polar
molecules.
Water Stream
When a negative
rod is near, the
polar water
molecules line up
so the positive side
attracts to the
negative rod.
Water Stream
When a positive
rod is near, the
polar water
molecules line up
so the negative
side attracts to the
positive rod.
EXPLAIN:
The Solution to Solutions
(PART FOUR — Resolving Dissolving)
Readings: Pages 120-122 & 123-124
Worksheet
Learning Target
I can explain what ionic compounds, polar
covalent, and covalent molecules are and
how they interact in solutions mixed with
water.
Vocabulary
► ION:
a charged particle
► IONIC COMPOUNDS:
a neutral
compound made from a combination of
positive and negative ions
► CRYSTAL LATTICE: the orderly structure
of particles in a solid
► DIPOLE:
equal but opposite charges
that are separated by a short distance
Vocabulary
► POLAR:
a particle with an uneven
distribution of charge
► SOLVATION:
the process where a
soluble particle is surrounded by solvent
molecules
► COVALENT:
a bond that is formed
when the electrons are shared somewhat
equally between the nuclei in a compound
Ionic Compound
Three Types of
Compounds
Solvation Reading
Pg. 120-122
Ionic Compounds
► Made
with charged
particles that attract
each other to form a
strong crystal lattice.
► Water can pull the
charged particles out to
form ions.
Polar Covalent Compounds
► Made
from neutral
particles that have a +
and - side.
► Water can attract to
either charged end and
pull the particles out.
► The particles keep both
+ and – charge, so do
not form ions.
Covalent Compounds
► Made
from neutral
particles that have
evenly distributed
charges.
► Water can not pull on
any charged particles,
so the material will not
dissolve nor form ions.
EXPLAIN:
Charge Those Particles
(PART ONE – Getting Charged)
Pages 125-128
Learning Target
I can explain how atoms become positively
and negatively charged.
Class Work
► Process
and Procedure 1
► Stop & Think 1-5
Why do the charges
move?
Readings
Getting Charged Pg. 127
How atoms become charged
► All
atoms have a positive Proton and a
negative Electron
► Neutral atoms have an equal number of
protons and electrons
► Atoms gain or lose electrons to become
charged ions
► Lost
electron makes a positive ion
► Gained
Na0
Na+
+ e-
11e11p+
10e11p+
+ e-
electron makes a negative ion
Cl0
17e17p+
+ e-
Cl-
+ e-
18e17p+
EXPLAIN:
Charge Those Particles
(PART TWO – Ionization versus Dissociation)
Pages 129-131
Learning Target
I can explain what ionization and
dissociation are.
Process and Procedure 1-4
Vocabulary
► IONIZATION:
any process that results
in the formation of an ion
► DISSOCIATION:
the process in which
ions are separated
► IONIZATION ENERGY:
the energy
required to remove one electron from a
neutral atom of an element
EXPLAIN:
Charge Those Particles
(PART THREE – Sharing Electrons)
Pages 131-139
Learning Target
I will learn how to use ionization energy and
electronegativity to explain how atoms share
electrons.
Vocabulary
► ELECTRONEGATIVITY:
the measure of
the ability of an atom in a chemical
compound to attract electrons
Class Work
► Process
and Procedure 1-5
► Reflect & Connect 1-4