1st July 2011
인삼효능과 장내미생물
姜 欣 濉 博士
高丽人参
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer
Shape of ginseng
Fruit 열매 果實
Peduncle 꽃대 花柄
Branch 가지 枝
Leaf 잎 は
Steaming
Stalk 대 莖
Browse 새싹 筍
紅蔘
(Red Ginseng)
Rhizome 뇌두 腦頭
Root 삼근 蔘根
Ginseng root ring
가락지 蔘根指輪
Repetitive
Steaming
Tertiary root
잔뿌리 細根
山蔘 (Wild Ginseng)
高丽人参(Korean Ginseng)
(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)
(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)
黑蔘 (Black Ginseng)
Composition of dried Ginseng
Classification
Contents(%)
3~6
Protopanaxadiol ginsenoside
Protopanaxatriol ginsenoside
Oleanolic acid ginsenoside
Carbohydrate
60~70
Polysaccharides
(mono-, di-, tri-, and poly-), Fiber,
pectin
Nitrogen-containing
compound
12~16
Protein, Peptides, Amino acid,
Nucleic acid, Alkaloids
Ginsenoside
Saponin
- Pharmacological
materials
Organic
NonSaponin
NonOrganic
Lipids, Fatty acid, Essential oils,
Phytosterols, Organic acids,
Phenolics, Polyacetylenes,
Terpenes
Fat-soluble
compound
2
Water-soluble
compound
0.05
Water-soluble Vitamines
Ash content
Water
4
9~11
Minerals, Water
Note.
over 30
compounds
identified
The Classification of Ginsenoside
- Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, indigenous to Korea, has long been a local specialty
- Ginseng makes the pharmacological materials via the secondary metabolism
Ginsenosides
- A class of steroid-like compounds,
triterpene saponins, found
exclusively in the plant genus
Panax
- Can be separated by column
chromotography
- Ginsenoside content can vary
widely depending on species,
location of growth, growing time
before harvest, and methods of
processing after harvest
Class of Ginseng Saponin (Ginsenoside)
12
13
11
1
2
19
29
4
12
27
16
1
9
10
14
8 30
5
7
6
Protopanaxadiol (PPD)
PPD Type
Ra1, Ra2, Ra3, Rb1,Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd
Rg3, Rh2, Compound-K and so on
19
10
5
29
12
28
15
25
7
R2
Protopanaxatriol (PPT)
9
2
8 30
6
13
11
1
14
4
27
16
18
3
HO
17
19
9
2
15
28
13
11
18
3
R1O
17
30
21
26
22
24
R3O
23
25
HO
20
21
26
22 24
R3O
23 25
HO
20
10
5
4
24
23
14
20
21
17
22
COOR2
16 28
8 27 15
3
R1O
26
18
29
7
6
Oleanolic acid
PPT Type
Oleanane Type
Re, Rg1, Rg2, Rf, Rh1,
Ro
F1, F3, R1, R2 and so on.
Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1  ~ 90% / total ginsenosides
The Superiority of Korean Ginseng
Korea Ginseng
(Panax ginseng
C.A.Meyer)
Chinese Ginseng
(Panax notaginseng
F.S.Chen)
American Ginseng
(Panax
quinquefolium L.)
Total number of
Ginsenosides
38
29
19
PPD type
21
14
13
PPT type
15
15
5
Oleanolic type
2
-
1
PD/PT ratio
1.33
0.99
2.15
Rg1/Rb1 ratio
0.81
1.01
0.10
Reviews in Ginseng Research. I, 277 (2007)
Korean Ginseng
Circulation
Immunity
Skin Care
Stress
Improvement
Brain Vitalizing
No. 1 Health Functional Herb
Yin and Yang of Saponin
阳 (Yang)
PT계열
Ginsenoside Rg1
阴 (Yin)
PD계열
Ginsenoside Rb1
Rg1:Rb1의 비율에 따른
혈관신생능력의 차이
Circulation 110:1219-1225 (2004)
Efficacy of Saponin
阴 (Yin)
阳 (Yang)
- 혈액 순환 촉진
- 생체 활력 증진
- 병후 회복 촉진
- 진정 작용
- 스트레스 조절
- 항상성 유지 작용
음양이 조화로운 고려인삼
 최고의 생약
The Individual Variation of Bioavailability
12.5%(Triol only)
4.5% (None)
According to physical constitution,
20.3%(Diol only)
the efficacy of Ginseng is various to individual.
62.5%(Diol + Triol)
1) 62.5% : Good Bioavailability
2) 37.5% : Bad Bioavailability
 Side Effect
 pyrexia, 發熱
hot flush, 顔面紅潮
Increase of heart beat, 心拍增加
diarrhea, 泄瀉
Conversion ratio of Ginsenosides
(umol/h/g)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Why??
Annual meeting & international symposium, The Korean society of food science and nutrition. (2004)
J. Ethnopharmacol.122, 143 (2008)
Absorption, distribution and
metabolism of Ginseng
Ginsenosides and their degradation products
Hydrated
C-K
Plasma
Hydrated
Rh1
Rh1
F1 or Rh1
C-K
Rb1
Urine
C
1
2
3
4
5
Rg1, Rd,
Re, Rb2,
Rc
Rh1
0~3 h
4~6 h
6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Time in hours
Rb1
C-K
6~12 h
F1, Rh1
C-K
12~24 h
(Drug. Metab. Dispos. 31, 1065)
Transformation of Protopanaxadiol
Ginsenosides
Arap(1-6)Glc-O
OH
Arap(1-6)Glc-O
OH
Arap(1-6)Glc-O
OH
H
Compound O
Glc-O
OH
H
Glc(1-2)Glc-O
H
Ginsenoside Rc
H
H
Ginsenoside Rd
Araf(1-6)Glc-O
OH
Glc-O
OH
HO
Glc-O
Glc(1-2)Glc-O
Ginsenoside Rb1
20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD)
Compound Y
Glc-O
OH
Glc(1-6) Glc-O
OH
H
H
H
Ginsenoside Rb2
Glc(1-2) Glc-O
HO
HO
Glc-O
Glc(1-2)Glc-O
HO
OH
H
Ginsenoside F2
Compound K
Araf(1-6)Glc-O
OH
Araf(1-6)Glc-O
OH
HO
Glc-O
H
Ginsenoside Mb
H
Ginsenoside Mc
Transformation of Protopanaxatriol
Ginsenosides
Glc-O
OH
Glc-O
OH
HO
HO
O-Glc(2-1)Rha
HO
O-Glc
Ginsenoside Re
Ginsenoside Rf
Ginsenoside F1
HO
OH
HO
O-Glc(2-1)Glc
OH
Ginsenoside Rg1
Glc-O
OH
HO
Glc-O
OH
HO
OH
HO
O-Glc
Ginsenoside Rh1
OH
Protopanaxatriol (PPT)
Gut Microorganism and Bioavailability
According to Physical constitution, the efficacy of
Ginseng is various to individual
A. Ginsenoside Rb1 → CK
B. Water Extract → CK
Ginseng
분비
담즙
Ginsenosdies
metabolized
분비
흡수
by gut
Ginsenosdies
microorgani
metabolized
msms
by흡수
gut
microorgani
msms
Feces
Max
Min
Mean±SD
Men
2032.00
41.37
565.24±544.92
Women
2889.87
31.03
786.51±648.95
Total
2889.87
31.03
646.14±591.39
Transformation Activity from Ginsenoside Rb1 to
compound K (mmol/h/g)
Distribution
Ginseng
담즙
Liver Distribution
Metabolite
Liver
Absorption
Metabolite
Absorption
Kidney
Kidney 뇨
Urine
About 20% of tested persons cannot transform the
Ginsenosides
Requirement of Processed Ginseng for those who
cannot transform the ginsenosides
Biol. Pharm. Bull.27, 1580 (2004)
Main intestinal bacteria resided in
human colon
Bacteroidaceae, Eubacterium
Bifidobacterium, Peptostreptococcus
Lactobacillus, E. coli
Streptococcus
Veillonella, Clostridium perfringens
Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus
aureus
The microbes in human intestine differ according to each person – total
number and kinds. In same person, they can be changed according to aging
and food.
Biol. Pharm. Bull. 23, 1481 (2000)
Intestinal Microorganism and Compound K
nd, not detected
Recovery of ginsenoside Rb1 and compound K of the intestinal tracts and
cumulative feces of germ-free and gnotobiotic rats 7 and 15h after oral
administration of ginsenoside Rb1
J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 50, 1155 (1988)
Ginsenoside into Blood
Change of Compound K and Rb1 concentrations in blood after oral
administration of Ginsenoside Rb1, original Korean ginseng saponin,
in the rats.
Ginsenoside Rb1 (200 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats, Compound K was detected in
the plasma 1,2,4, 7, 15 or 24 h after administration.
Biol. Pharm. Bull. 21, 245 (1998)
Absorbed Ginsenoside
Compound K
(converted and absorbed saponin)
Ginsenoside Rb1
(original ginseng saponin)
Body Absorption and Urinary excretion
after oral administration of Original Ginsenoside.
Ginsenoside Rb1 (50mg) was orally administered into 3 male SD rats and the urine sample
was collected periodically at 3h, 6h, 12 and 24h post-dosing.
Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28, 652 (2005)
Transforming Activities in
the Human Body
A
Mean ± S.D.
Cmax(ng/ml)
Tmax(h)
AUC (ng.h/ml)
27.89 ± 24.46
10.76 ± 2.07
221.98±221.42
Distribution of Compound K in Plasma
A) Plasma concentration time curve
of CK following oral administration
of ginseng extracts.
Compound K is only absorbed into human body
through intestines by microorganisms’ work.
 It is necessary to be transformed to gain the
bioactive Compound K
J. Ethnopharmacol.122, 143 (2008)
Ginsenosides and metabolites through gut
J. Pharmacol. Sci. 95, 153 (2004)
Activity of Ginsenoside
Metabolite
Cytotoxicity of Gensenosides
against tumor cells
a
not detectable
ED50, 50% growth-inhibitory concentration against tumor cells
Reviews in Ginseng Research. I, 82 (2007)
Cytotoxicity of Ginsenosieds
against tumor cells
IC50, 50% growth-inhibitory concentration against tumor cells
B16-BL6 – Mouse high-metastatic melanoma, HepG2 – Human Hepatoma
K562 – Human myeloid leukemia, 95-D – Human high-metastatic lung carcinoma
Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by CK is nearly equal to that
of cyclophophamide, one of the most effective antitumor agent.
J. Asian Natural Products Research. 8, 519 (2006)
Inhibition of metastasis (%)
Association of Rb1-hydrolyzing
Potentials with Antimetastatic activity
of Rb1
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
Day 0
LLC
Rb1-hydrolyzing potential
20
30
40
50
60
70
Rb1-hydrolyzing potential (%)
Day 21
Rb1, 25 mg/kg, p.o.
Lung metastasis
Inhibitory effect on lung metastasis
No. of colonies ± S.D.
Control
Control
**
Ginseng
(1mg)
Rb1 (0.5mg)
**
Rb1 (0.5mg)
0
100
200
300
*
CK (0.5mg)
*
CK (0.5mg)
400
500
0
100
200
300
400
The Ginsenoside Rb1 and its metabolite Compound K markedly inhibited lung
metastasis of B16-BL6 melanoma cells through oral administration. In contrast,
Compound K only resulted in a significant inhibition of lung metastasis through i.v.
J. Ginseng Res. 31, 1 (2007)
Ginsenoside Metabolite is
the Active Principle
CK
Ginsenoside
Compound K Research
Effects of Compound K on Growth of Primary
Tumor and Metastasis to Lymph Nodes
Lung metastasis
Primary Tumor
Inhibition (%)
140
200
120
100
150
*
80
60
100
40
20
0
*
**
50
0
Control 5
10
7
CK (mg/kg) CDDP
Injection
of LLC
Control 5
10
7
CK (mg/kg) CDDP
CK (mg/kg) CDDP
Day 1-14: CK, p.o.
Lung
metastasis
Day 1: CDDP, i.v.
Inhibitory effect on the ear thickness
of mice
Oxazolone only
(Chemical Allergen for
immuno-stimulation)
O + 0.02% Rb1
O + 0.05% Rb1
O + 0.02% CK
O + 0.05% CK
O + 0.05% betamethasone
Normal
(Steroid
antiphlogistics)
Effets of compound K on the ear thickness of mice (each 8 heads)
induced by oxazolone (. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, *P<0.05, **P<0.001
Immunopharmacology. 5, 1183 (2005)
Protective effect on hepatotoxicity in mice
Protective effect of orally administered ginsenoside Rb1 and
compound K on t-BHP-induced hepatotocixity in mice
Liver Int. 25, 1069 (2005)
Anti-pain effect of Ginseng in mice
Anti-pain experiment of Ginseng
The Number of Writhing
80
60
40
20
0
Control
Diclofenac
Red Ginseng
Group
CK
Acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test of groups of mice
which received Saline, Diclofenac (5mg/Kg), Red Ginseng
(250mg/Kg), Compound K (5mg/Kg).
Metabolab Inc. (2009)
Inhibitory effect on mouse passive
cutaneous anphylaxis
Noraml
Ginseng
Rb1
Compound K
Inhibitory effect of ginseng and some ginsenosides on mouse
passive cutaneous anphylaxis reaction induced by lgE-antigen
complex. These agents at a dose of 25mg/Kg were orally treated
Reviews in Ginseng Research. I, 83 (2007)
Inhibitory effect of Compound K
in Fat cell differentiation
Con
Rb1 (10uM)
CK (5uM)
Rb1 (20uM)
CK (10uM)
Compound K decreases the adipocyte differentiation
(3T3-L1 Cell line) more than Ginsenoside Rb1
 two times concentration
Metabolab Inc. (2009)
Effects of Compound K-Anti-diabetes
1. A, B; in vitro assay and C,D; in vivo
study in diabetes model mouse
2. Effect of anti-diabetes in diabetes
model mouse by Compound K
Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30, 2196 (2007)
Effects of Compound K-Anti-tumor
75세 남성(간암）
실험군 대비 %
흑색종
7개월 후
Compound K
CK
실험군 대비 %
섬유육종
Compound K
2002.8 MRI
2003.3 MRI
간 종양
농도 (ug/mL)
복수
나선 종양
Ikuo, S., J. Ginseng Res. 31, 1, (2007)
Effects of Compound K
항암 효과
항염증 효과
Cho SH, Chung KS, Choi JH, Kim DH, Lee KT. Compound K, a
metabolite of ginseng saponin, induces apoptosis via caspase-8-dependent
pathway in HL-60 human leukemia cells. BMC Cancer. 2009 Dec 18;9:449.
Park EK, Shin YW, Lee HU, Kim SS, Lee YC, Lee BY, Kim DH.
Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rb1 and compound K on NO and
prostaglandin E2 biosyntheses of RAW264.7 cells induced by
lipopolysaccharide. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 28:652-6.
Kim DY, Park MW, Yuan HD, Lee HJ, Kim SH and Chung SH.
Compound K Induces Apoptosis via CAMK-IV/AMPK Pathways in HT-29
Colon Cancer Cells. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57 (22), pp 10573–10578.
간 보호 효과
항알레르기 효과
Park EJ, Zhao YZ, Kim J, Sohn DH. A ginsenoside metabolite, 20-O-β-Dglucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol, triggers apoptosis in activated rat
hepatic stellate cells via caspase-3 activation. Planta Med. 2006 72: 1250-3.
Bae EA, Choo MK, Park EK, Park SY, Shin HY, Kim DH. Metabolism of
ginsenoside R(c) by human intestinal bacteria and its related antiallergic
activity. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 25:743-7.
신경 퇴화 보호 효과
Choi K, Kim M, Ryu J, Choi C. Ginsenosides compound K and Rh2 inhibit
tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced activation of the NF-κB and JNK
pathways in human astroglial cells. Neurosci Lett. 2007 421:37-41.
Tohda C, Matsumoto N, Zou K, Meselhy MR, Komatsu K. Ab(25-35)induced memory impairment, axonal atrophy, and synaptic loss are
ameliorated by M1, A metabolite of protopanaxadiol-type saponins.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004 29:860-8.
피부 보호 효과
Shin YW, Bae EA, Kim SS, Lee YC, Kim DH. Effect of ginsenoside Rb1
and compound K in chronic oxazolone-induced mouse dermatitis. Int
Immunopharmacol. 2005 5:1183-91.
당뇨 개선 효과
Chang TC, Huang SF, Yang TC, Chan FN, Lin HC, Chang WL. Effect of
ginsenosides on glucose uptake in human Caco-2 cells is mediated through
altered Na+/glucose cotransporter 1 expression. J Agric Food Chem. 2007
55:1993-8.
Glc-O
OH
화합물 K
(Ginsenoside M1)
HO
H
Fermented Ginseng Research
Transformation Methods of Ginsenosides
1. Fermentation with the Microorganisms.
2. Incubation with Special Enzymes
: a few glycosidases can cleave the glycosidic bond in ginsenosides.
3. Modification of pH controlling Heat and Pressure.
Some glycosidic bond in ginsenosides are more weaker than others.
4. Combination of above methods.
Ginsenosides
Active Ginsenoside Metabolites
Identification of Ginsenosides
PPD
Rb1, Rg2, Rh1
Rk1, Rg5
Rb2, Rb3
Compound K
Rc, F1
Our HPLC System 1 with Evaporative
Light Scattering Detector
Compound Y
Rd
Rg3
Rg1, Re
Rf
Chromatogram of HPLC
Our HPLC System 2 with UV/VIS
Absorbance Detector
Ginsenoside Transformation and Degradation
Ginsenoside Transformation and Degradation
- Metabolab’s
Fermented Ginseng
Active Ginsenosides
Rg3, Rh2, Com-K, etc.
Fermentation
• Intact Ginseng
- Hard Physical Treatment
Active Ginsenosides
Degraded
Ginsenosides
Screening the Useful Microorganisms
TLC
HPLC
Identification: KCTC Deposited Microorganisms
> M-1 (1559 letters)
AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAGGACGAACGCTGGCGGCATGCCTAATACATGCAAGTCGAACGAACTTTCCTTTTGATTGATGCTTGCATCATGAT
TTAGATCTAAGTGAGTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAACACGTGGGTAACCTGCCCAGAAGTGGGGGATAACATTTGGAAACAAGTGCTAATACCGC
ATAACAACATTAAACACATGTTTTTTGTTTAAAAGATGGTTTTGCTATCTCTTCTGGATGGACCCGCGGCGTATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAATA
GCTCACCAAGGCGATGATACGTAGCCGACCTGAGAGGGTAATCGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGACACGGCCCAAACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCA
GTAGGGAATCTTCCACAATGGACGAAAGTCTGATGGAGCAATGCCGCGTGAGTGAAGAAGGTTTTCGGATCGTAAAACTCTGTTGTTGAAGAA
GAACATATGTGAGAGTAACTGTTCACGTACTGACGGTATTCAACCAGAAAGCCACGGCTAACTACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGT
GGCAAGCGTTGTCCGGATTTATTGGGCGTAAAGAGAATGTAGGCGGTTCATTAAGTTTGAAGTGAAAGCCCTCGGCTCAACCGAGGAAGTGCT
TCGAAAACTGGTGAACTTGAGTGCAGAAGAGGAAAGTGGAACTCCATGTGTAGCGGTGGAATGCGTAGATATATGGAAGAACACCAGTGGCG
AAGGCGGCTTTCTGGTCTGTAACTGACGCTGAGATTCGAAAGCATGGGTAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCATGCCGTAAACGAT
GAGTGCTAAGTGTTGGAGGGTTTCCGCCCTTCAGTGCTGCAGCTAACGCATTAAGCACTCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGATCGCAAGATTGAAACTC
AAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGAAGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCAGGTCTTGACATACCATGAA
AAGCTAAGAGATTAGTCTTTCCCTTCGGGGACATGGATACAGGTGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCC
GCAACGAGCGCAACCCTTATTATCAGTTGCCAGCATTCAGTTGGGCACTCTGGTGAGACTGCCGGTGATAAACCGGAGGAAGGTGGGGACGA
CGTCAAATCATCATGCCCCTTATGACCTGGGCTACACACGTGCTACAATGGTCGGTACAACGTGTTGCGAACTCGCGAGGGCAAGCAAATCAC
TTAAAACCGATCTCAGTTCGGATTGCAGGCTGCAACTCGCCTGCATGAAGCTGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGCGGATCAGCATGCCGCGGTGAATA
CGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGAGAGTTTGTAACACCCAAAGTCGGTGGGGTAACCCTTCGGGGAACTAGCCGCCT
AAGGTGGGACAAATGATTAGGGTGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAGCCGTAGGAGAACCTGCGGCTGGATCACCTCCTT
 Lactobacillus alimentarius
Identities = 1496/1507 (99%); E value = 0
> M-2 (1543 letters)
AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAGGATGAACGCTGGCGGCGTGCCTAATACATGCAAGTCGAACGCACAGCGAAAGGTGCTTGCGCCTTTCAAGTG
AGTGGCGAACGGGTGAGTAACACGTGGACAACCTGCCTCAAGGCTGGGGATAACATTTGGAAACAGATGCTAATACCGAATAAAACTTAGTGT
CGCATGACAAAAAGTTAAAAGGCGCTTCGGCGTCACCTAGAGATGGATCCGCGGTGCATTAGTTAGTTGGTGGGGTAAAGGCCTACCAAGACA
ATGATGCATAGCCGAGTTGAGAGACTGATCGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGACACGGCCCAAACTCCTACGGGAGGCTGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCC
ACAATGGGCGAAAGCCTGATGGAGCAACGCCGCGTGTGTGATGAAGGCTTTCGGGTCGTAAAGCACTGTTGTATGGGAAGAACAGCTAGAAT
AGGAAATGATTTTAGTTTGACGGTACCATACCAGAAAGGGACGGCTAAATACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTATGTCCCGAGCGTTATC
CGGATTTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGAGCGCAGACGGTTTATTAAGTCTGATGTGAAAGCCCGGAGCTCAACTCCGGAATGGCATTGGAAACTGGTT
AACTTGAGTGCAGTAGAGGTAAGTGGAACTCCATGTGTAGCGGTGGAATGCGTAGATATATGGAAGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGGCTTACT
GGACTGCAACTGACGTTGAGGCTCGAAAGTGTGGGTAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACACCGTAAACGATGAACACTAGGTGT
TAGGAGGTTTCCGCCTCTTAGTGCCGAAGCTAACGCATTAAGTGTTCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGACCGCAAGGTTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACG
GGGACCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGAAGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCAGGTCTTGACATCCTTTGAAGCTTTTAGAGATA
GAAGTGTTCTCTTCGGAGACAAAGTGACAGGTGGTGCATGGTCGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCCGCAACGAGCGC
AACCCTTATTGTTAGTTGCCAGCATTCAGATGGGCACTCTAGCGAGACTGCCGGTGACAAACCGGAGGAAGGCGGGGACGACGTCAGATCAT
CATGCCCCTTATGACCTGGGCTACACACGTGCTACAATGGCGTATACAACGAGTTGCCAACCCGCGAGGGTGAGCTAATCTCTTAAAGTACGT
CTCAGTTCGGATTGTAGTCTGCAACTCGACTACATGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGCGGATCAGCACGCCGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGT
CTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGGGAGTTTGTAATGCCCAAAGCCGGTGGCCTAACCTTTTAGGAAGGAGCCGTCTAAGGCAGGACAGA
TGACTGGGGTGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAGCCGTAGGAGAACCTGCGGCTGGATCACCTCCTT
 Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Identities = 1541/1543 (99%); E value = 0
Selection and Identification of
Microorganisms
Paper Study &
Broad
Screening
- Search for Articles, Patents and etc.
- Screen Candidates with crude ginsenoside
- TLC: qualitative screening
- Monitor biochemical conversion ability of microbes
In-depth
Screening
- Test usable medium, culture condition and etc.
- HPLC: quantitative screening
- Classic identification: morphologic character
Identification
& Process
Optimization
- Molecular identification: rRNA sequencing
- For the purpose of patent procedure Original
Deposit to KCTC
- Optimization
Screening of Ginsenosides Transformation
Timecourse of the Transformation of
Ginsenosides by Microorganism
Original
Ginseng Saponins
Korean Ginseng
高麗인삼
醱酵인삼
Compound K
Standard Profile of Fermented Ginseng
Compound K
% Ginsenoside
Rb1
6.92
Rg1
6.67
Rf
4.55
Rh1
9.88
Rg3
5.22
Rh2
0.61
CK
26.89
Other
39.26
Total
100.0
0%
 26.89%
20% < Compound K (CK)
Results
- 음양이 조화로운 고려인삼: 최고의 생약
- 인삼의 생리활성 본체: 인삼사포닌
- 생체대사 활성도의 차: 효능의 차이와 부작용
- 생명공학기법을 통한 발효인삼 개발
- 발효인삼의 핵심물질은 Compound K
- Compound K의 효능: 항암, 항관절염, 항당뇨병,
간 보호, 항피부노화, 항뇌신경퇴화, 항염증 등
- 발효인삼의 항관절염 효능 평가 시험
감사합니다