Sorbent Trap Sampling - Overview
Ohio Lumex examines what we’ve learned since CAMR announced March 15th, 2005
Brief Timeline of Regulations
US Power Plants
US Cement Kilns
WHY Sorbent Trap
Monitoring
•
•
•
•
Simple
Proven
Reliable
Low Levels
Data
Logger
Key Advantages of Sorbent Trap Monitoring System
•
Simple to Install, Implement and Operate
– Typically 1 Day To Install, 1-3 Days To Certify ( RATA )
•
Highly Accurate/Precise Method for Analysis – NIST Traceable SRM
– Multi-section sorbent tube with very low detection levels 1 – 3 ng
•
Relatively Inexpensive & Very Reliable compared to CEMs
– Generally less than 25% of the 1st Year Cost Of Hg CEMs
•
Sorbent has a 10+ Year Track Record
– Applied Widely To Coal-Utility Industry and is the EPA Reference Method for RATA (
Method 30B )
•
Sample captured directly in stack – no Hg transport issues
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Little or no stack or facility engineering costs
•
No calibration gas costs (or daily, weekly calibrations only quarterly audit)
•
Traps are small, non-hazardous, require no special storage or handling, have no expiration
and are very simple to analyze or ship to lab ( On-Site Analysis Can be Done Quickly )
SORBENT TRAP Hg MONITORING
TECHNOLOGY
Ohio Lumex Sorbent Traps conform to PS-12B or Appendix K sampling and analysis specifications.
High concentration of Iodine deposited on acid washed activated carbon ensure extreme mercury
capturing capacities without “Breakthrough” for extended test periods in “wet” or “dry” stack emissions
from coal-fired power plants.
PLEASE NOTE: High Iodine is a major interference in alternative method 1631 analysis and requires our
competition to limit iodine concentration on carbon resulting in higher potential for breakthrough and low
“spike” recoveries.
Specifications:
1. Mercury “background level less then 0.3 ng per section.
2. Sorption capacity up to 2,500,000ng.
3. Long term storage stability in provided container.
4. Unique numbering with high temperature ink and “chain of custody.”
5. Easy On/Off “leak check” cap plugs.
6. Third section is pre-spiked with elemental Hg at customized level.
Three sections 10mm OD trap
Gas
inlet
Gas outlet
1
Primary
capture of Hg
2
3
Hg Breakthrough, Spiked, Recovery must be
75% to 125% of Spike
<_5% of Sect. 1
Speciation Traps
1
2
3
4
5
Acid Gas
Scrubber
Oxidized Hg
Analytical Bed
Oxidized Hg
Breakthrough
Bed
Elemental Hg
Analytical Bed
Elemental Hg
Breakthrough
Bed
SPECIATION TRAPS
● 2 types of sorbent allow you to separately capture oxidized and elemental Hg.
● Made with Extra durable thick glass for rugged field use.
● Our Speciation traps come standard for moisture resistance.
● Data has shown a bias with Acid Gases and the capture of oxidized Hg so our Speciation Traps
have Acid Gas Scrubbers built in.
● We can spike with elemental and oxidized Hg.
● Used in “Wet” and “Dry” stacks as well as high particulate sources.
● We will always consult you on how best to conduct your testing for the most optimal and accurate
results.
● Extensively Field Tested!
PLEASE KEEP IN MIND
● Temperature (May need to use a cooling probe)
● Flow
● Sample Duration
Mats Rule Emissions
40CFR Part 60 & 63
Emission Limits (§63.9991):
Table 1. Proposed emission limits for existing sources
Pollutant(s)
Emission Limits
Mercury (Hg)
(Existing Coal-Fired EGUs)
1.0 lb/TBtu or 0.008 lb/GWh
Subcategory
Total
particulate
matter (PM)
Total HAP
metals
Hydrogen
chloride (HCl)
Mercury (Hg)
Hydrogen
fluoride
(HF)
Coal fired unit
designed for
coal ≥ 8,300
Btu/lb
Coal fired unit
designed for
coal < 8,300
Btu/hr
IGCC
0.030 lb/MMBtu
N/A
0.0020
lb/MMBtu
1.0 lb/TBtu
N/A
0.030 lb/MMBtu
N/A
0.0020
lb/MMBtu
4.0 lb/TBtu
N/A
0.050 lb/MMBtu
N/A
0.00050
lb/MMBtu
3.0 lb/TBtu
N/A
Solid oil-derived 0.20 lb/MMBtu
N/A
0.0050
lb/MMBtu
0.20 lb/TBtu
N/A
Liquid oil-fired
unit
0.000030
lb/MMBtu
0.00030
lb/MMBtu
N/A
0.00020
lb/MMBtu
N/A
Mats Compliance Requirements 40CFR Part 60 & 63
Appendix A to Subpart UUUUU - HG Monitoring Provisions Summary
• Can use HG Cems or Sorbent Trap Sampling system for monitoring requirements
• Not required to substitute for missing data for HG Cems or Sorbent Trap Sampling ( Monitoring
System Down Time )
• Must designate what system is primary HG Cems or STS and then use to report hourly data
( 30 or 90 day collection ) option: If the units in an averaging group are designed to burn coal with
GCV ≥ 8,300 Btu/lb, there are alternate Hg limits for the group (1.0 lb/TBtu or 1.1 x 10-2 lb/GWh
based upon a 90-day rolling average instead of 30-day
• Plants can opt to have a backup CMS or have a redundant CMS and they must be certified as well
NOTE: CMS can be HG Cems or Sorbent Trap System
Terms:
STS = Sorbent Trap Sampling System
CMS = Continuous Monitoring System
PS-12B = Performance Standard 12B
Mats Compliance Requirements 40CFR Part 60 & 63
Appendix A to Subpart UUUUU - HG Monitoring Provisions Summary Cont.
• Must convert HG analytical data collected ( ug/scm ) to reporting format of lb/TBtu or lb/GWh
• The STS must be operated in accordance with PS-12B and all applicable QA/QC requirements
• The STS requires the use of a Certified stack gas flow monitor to establish sampling flow rate/ stack
flow rate ratio and hourly data logging verifying percent proportional sample to stack flow rate
• A rata of STS is required for initial certification and conducted annually there after for compliance
• Each pair of sorbent traps can be used to sample stack gas for up to 14 operating days
Terms:
STS = Sorbent Trap Sampling System
CMS = Continuous Monitoring System
PS-12B = Performance Standard 12B
Sorbent Sampling System QA/QC, Maintenance & Records
Requirements: QA/QC Plan, Preventive Maintenance & Records
• Plant shall develop & implement a quality assurance program for the sorbent trap sampling system and
the program shall include a written plan that describes step by step procedures for operation of system as
well as QA/QC procedures to be followed also ( Quarterly Audit Requirements per PS-12B )
• Plant shall develop a monitoring plan for each unit or common stack for the STS, flow monitor & gas
measurement system the monitoring plan shall contain all essential information to verify all systems are
operated in accordance with specific standards for each instrument
•
Plant shall keep a written record of procedures to maintain the STS in proper operating condition and list
procedures including all procedures specified by MFG in addition to any procedure required by facility to
operate and maintain the system
•
Keep record of all testing, preventative maintenance & repairs for the STS in a format and location suitable
for inspection
• Keep records for monitoring system integrity and data quality as well as procedures for trap COC and trap
analysis
• All equipment used for audits & calibration shall have a schedule for annual verification & re-certification and
calibration documentation to certify device is calibrated to a specific standard
QA/QC Plan, Preventive Maintenance & Records Cont.
• Record keeping provisions for STS , Flow Monitor, Gas Measurement & Moisture systems and
equipment ID or serial numbers also a log showing activity relating to operation & maintaining
instrumentation
• Additional data required is hourly gross unit load data rounded to nearest MW to be used for emission
reporting format in either lb/TBtu or lb/MWh
• For all trap samples collected a code must be assigned in your records indicating concentration for the
hour met all PS-12B QA/QC criteria
• Data from STS shall include: flow rate, Gas meter reading ( dscm to nearest hundredth ) including
beginning, ending and at least once during each hour also the ratio of sample flow/stack flow using
certified stack flow monitor as specified in PS-12B
• Monitor data availability must be documented as a % of unit operating hours calculated according to
CFR 75.32
• Note Emission calculations are referenced in 40CFR part 60 & 63 sect. 6.2.1.1 & 6.2.1.2 and EPA
Meth.19 Appendix A-7
Mats Startup/Shutdown Rule changes - Nov 30th, 2012
Startup and Shutdown Provisions:
Startup & shutdown periods are now changed to work practice standards as follows:
•
The sources are required to burn clean fuels during startup & shutdown as listed below
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You must operate all CMS ( Continuous Measurement Systems ) during startup and vent to
main stack also start your APC ( Advanced Pollution Controls ) with the exception of
limestone injection for FBC, SNCR’s & SCR’s which must be started as soon as conditions
permit
•
EGU must conduct a boiler tune-up every 36 calendar months
Clean fuels for start-up: Natural gas, Syngas, Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel, Propane
Note: Other fuels are being considered and updated list should be issued in March
Mats rule next updated release.
HG Emissions Reporting Overview
For units that continuously monitor mercury emissions:
KEY to Success is a monitoring plan must be developed and maintained
The Hg CEMS or sorbent trap monitoring system and any required additional monitoring
systems must be documented in your monitoring plan
Your monitoring plan data must be submitted to EPA electronically and updated when necessary,
using the Emissions Collection and Monitoring Plan System (ECMPS) Client Tool
For STS the Hg concentration obtained from the analysis of a pair of traps is reported for each
hour of the data collection period
Quarterly electronic reporting of Hg emissions is required, no later than 30 days after the end of
each calendar quarter
HG Emissions Reporting Overview Cont.
Hourly records of any additional data needed to convert Hg concentration to units of the emission
standard ( stack gas flow rate and / or moisture content, CO2 or O2 concentration, electrical load)
must be included in the electronic quarterly reports
The additional monitoring systems used to convert Hg concentration to units of the
standard must meet the requirements of 40 CFR Part 75
The data acquisition and handling system (DAHS) must be programmed to provide an hourly data sent
in the units of the applicable Hg emission standard lb/TBtu or lb/GWh
The results of all required certification and QA tests of Hg CEMS or STS and the additional monitoring
system used to convert Hg concentration to units of the standard must be reported electronically using
the ECMPS Client Tool.
For Hg CEMS and STS RATA results and test details must also be submitted to the WebFIRE database
via ERT within 60 days after completing each test.
Compliance with the 30 (or in some cases, 90) operating day rolling average Hg emission rates is
assessed in the semiannual reports which are required
Sorbent Trap Sampling Systems Vendors
CleanAir
Met-80
Environmental Supply
HGK-PFI
Altech
Amesa M
Apex Instruments
XC-6000
M&C
STS
Clean Air
Met-80
Sorbent Sampler Systems
Environmental Supply
HGK-PF
Apex Instruments
XC-6000
Altech Environment
Amesa-M
M&C
STS
Challenging Sources & Environments
Sampling System Configurations
Configuration 1
Sampling system in shelter at base
Configuration 2
Sampling system near sample port
Very Poor Stack Conditions
High Particulate, Wet FGD & Lime Injection
are some of the sampling challenges for 7 day runs
Trap Interferences
Particulate, SO2, SO3, moisture
• Particulate can scrub mercury before its absorbed in 1st section
• Acid gases can cause excess breakthrough or loss of spike
• High Moisture can cause breakthrough or loss of spike
1 solution for these challenges of wet FDG & high particulate
Trap Shields
Another Solution is your sampling Profile
• Whether its high particulate or wet stack conditions – Keep
your flow rates low typically 250 to 350 ccm or lower if
possible.
• For wets stacks keep your probe temperature hot enough typically 300 to 350F.
• Use the right trap for your stack conditions – Longer traps,
Acid gas scrubber section, particulate filter option
Custom Traps – Designed for your source
These traps were all ran for 7 days at different sources
Custom Solutions for
Various Stack Conditions
• High particulate/High Vacuum:
–
–
–
–
Coiled Pre-filter
Fluffy Pre-filter
Static Pre-filter
High Flow Glass (HFG) offered in 185mm, 240mm, & 450mm length
glass (Provides roughly 27% less pressure drop over standard glass.)
• Acid Gasses/Spike Loss or Breakthrough:
– Acid Gas Scrubber (AGS) Sodium Carbonate Bed. (Custom Lengths
Available)
– Acid Resistant Carbon (ARC)
– Custom Length Carbon Beds
• High Moisture:
– 300mm, 450mm, & 450mm HFG Length Glass for extended dry bed.
Keys to Success with Traps
for Compliance
• Look at the Data!
– Ongoing Data Review
• Have a “Go-To” Person who will take accountability for the
success of your Mercury Monitoring
• Open Dialogue with Ohio Lumex
– We try to Catch it before you do…but, if you do the analysis, then stay in
touch.
Lessons Learned: Sorbent
Trap Analysis
• When Mercury concentration is unknown, it is essential to break up
the analytical carbon section into several ladles in order to make
sure the runs will remain in range.
• It is IMPERATIVE that each and every carbon particle is analyzed.
Due to the strength of our carbon, even one tiny carbon particle has
the ability to capture most, if not all, of the Mercury present in the
section.
• If you must use a Lumex Mercury Analyzer to analyze traps
produced by companies other than Ohio Lumex, please be very
cautious. We have had loaded ladles literally ignite while inside the
furnace attachment.
• It is essential to allow the analyzer to warm-up for approximately one
hour before calibrating. Calibrations performed immediately upon
startup tend to drift quickly.
Lessons Learned: Sorbent
Trap Analysis (Continued)
• Be sure to run check standards every ten ladle runs while
performing analysis. A “second source” bottle will be used for these
checks. A successful check will ensure that the calibration is still
accurate. If you notice a calibration slowly drifting towards the 10%
deviation range, it may be wise to recalibrate the analyzer in order to
maximize precision.
• Throughout the day, it is important to check the sodium carbonate
buildup inside the attachment. If necessary, disconnect the tubes
from the filter and vacuum out the attachment. Excessive buildup
can block the light path inside the cell. (REMEMBER TO
RECONNECT THE TUBES TO THE FILTER BEFORE RESUMING
ANALYSIS).
Other Lessons Learned
•
Not all Labs are created equal
– Some are inexperienced even if they have Ohio Lumex analyzers
•
Not all Sorbents in Traps are created equal
– Traps have ignited inside Ohio Lumex Analyzer Furnaces
– Traps have fogged up Ohio Lumex Analyzer Windows
– Don’t put gun power in your Lumex even if it does look like Carbon
•
Not all stack testers are created equal
– If you are doing Speciation traps testing around an SCR and your stack tester tells you he
does not plan to use a cooling probe, get concerned!
•
•
If he tells you he plans to take the sample out of the stack and have feet of lines in front of the
speciation traps, please tell them to talk to us.
If he tells you that he can measure particulate bound Hg with a sorbent trap, be cautious!
– You can always ask us for recommendations, it is our Mission to make sure your Mercury
Test is a success
•
Not all consultants are created equal
– If they are giving you recommendations on how to do analysis with an Ohio Lumex
Analyzer that goes against what Ohio Lumex says, be weary!
•
If the traps were Made in China and say “Ohio Lumex” on them, think……
bad idea! But fried rice for lunch on the other hand… delicious!
•
Sorry for the Negative nature of this slide, we have seen some CRAZY things!
NELAP Certified
The Ohio Lumex
Philosophy
We base our business values on
trust, accuracy, and reliability.
We have more than 15 years of
experience in the field of mercury
testing at a wide variety of plants.
Take advantage of our
capabilities.
www.ohiolumex.com
Phone: (330) 405-0837 or (888) 876-2611
Fax: (330) 405-0847
sales@ohiolumex.com