ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
• is a nucleoside
triphosphate used in
cells as a coenzyme. It is
often called the
"molecular unit of
currency" of
intracellular energy
transfer.[1] ATP
transports chemical
energy within cells for
metabolism
ADP (adenosine triphosphate)
• is a nucleoside
triphosphate. It is an
ester of pyrophosphoric
acid with the nucleoside
adenosine. ADP consists
of the pyrophosphate
group, the pentose
sugar ribose, and the
nucleobase adenine
Photosynthesis
• is a process used by
plants and other
organisms to convert
the light energy
captured from the sun
into chemical energy
that can be used to fuel
the organism's
activities.
Light-dependent reactions
• is the first stage of
photosynthesis, the
process by which plants
capture and store
energy from sunlight.
Light-independent reactions
• are chemical reactions
that convert carbon
dioxide and other
compounds into
glucose.
Pigment
• Molecules that absorb
specific wavelengths of
sunlight.
Chlorophyll
• is a green pigment
found in cyanobacteria
and the chloroplasts of
algae and plants
Electron Transport Chain
• couples electron
transfer between an
electron donor (such as
NADH) and an electron
acceptor (such as O2)
with the transfer of H+
ions (protons) across a
membrane.
NAPH+
• Electron Carrier
molecule, when
carrying excited
electrons it becomes
NADPH
Photolysis
• is a chemical reaction in
which a chemical
compound is broken
down by photons. It is
defined as the
interaction of one or
more photons with one
target molecule
Calvin Cycle
• is a series of
biochemical redox
reactions that take
place in the stoma of
chloroplasts in
photosynthetic
organisms. It is also
known as the lightindependent reactions.
Cellular Respiration
• is the set of the
metabolic reactions and
processes that take
place in the cells of
organisms to convert
biochemical energy
from nutrients into
adenosine triphosphate
(ATP), and then release
waste products.
Anaerobic
• Chemical reactions that
do not require the
presence of oxygen
Aerobic
• Chemical reactions
reactions that require
the presence of oxygen
Glycolysis
• is the metabolic
pathway that converts
glucose C6H12O6, into
pyruvate
Citric Acid Cycle
• is a series of chemical
reactions used by all
aerobic organisms to
generate energy
through the oxidization
of acetate derived from
carbohydrates, fats and
proteins into carbon
dioxide.
Lactic acid Fermentation
• is a biological process by
which glucose, fructose,
and sucrose are
converted into cellular
energy and the
metabolite lactate. It is an
anaerobic fermentation
reaction that occurs in
some bacteria and animal
cells, such as muscle cells
Alcoholic Fermentation
• also referred to as
ethanol fermentation, is
a biological process in
which sugars such as
glucose, fructose, and
sucrose are converted
into cellular energy and
thereby produce
ethanol and carbon
dioxide as metabolic
waste products.