MODULE 2
BIOCHEMISTRY & PHARMACOGNOSY
1. Which carbon in the sugars is responsible for
the difference between the two nucleic acids?
A. Carbon 1
B. Carbon 2
C. Carbon 3
D. Carbon 4
- RIBOSE in RNA has a hydroxyl group in the
second carbon, while 2-Deoxy-D-Ribose in DNA,
has none.
2. Which of the following is responsible for the
acidic character of nucleic acids?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Phosphate group
Nucleotides
Nitrogenous bases
Nucleic acids are not acids
-Nucleotides = PO4 + Sugar + Nitrogenous base
-Nitrogenous base = A, G, T, C, and U
3. This refers to noncoding regions that alternate with
coding regions in the polypeptide sequence.
A. Exon
B. Intron
C. Promoter
D. Repressor
- INTRON derived from the term intragenic region
removed by RNA splicing.
- EXON nucleic acid in the mature form of an RNA
molecule
- PROMOTER region that facilitates transcription
- REPRESSOR prevents gene expression
4. What type of extraction process is employed
in obtaining mustard oil?
A. Water Distillation
B. Water & Steam Distillation
C. Direct Steam Distillation
D. Enzymatic Hydrolysis
- Glycosidic volatile oils such as mustard oil are
obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of the
glycoside
5. It is regarded as the “ginseng of Europe”
because it is extensively cultivated and utilized
in European folk medicine.
A. Feverfew
C. Eucaplytus
B. Camphor
D. Chamomile
- Ginseng of Europe = CHAMOMILE
6. This refers to the solid resin obtained from Pinus
palustris which is used as stiffening agent in cerates,
plasters
and
ointments
A. Jalap
B. Rosin
C. Colophony
D. A and B
E. B and C
- Pinus palustris commonly known as “longleaf
pine”
7. This is a rare human disorder which
progresses to photosensitivity caused by
inherited exonuclease deficiency.
A. Bloom’s syndrome
B. Fanconi’s anemia
C. Hodgkin’s lymphoma
D. Xeroderma pigmentosa
-XP leads to malignant melanoma, basal and
squamous cell carcinomas
8. This chemotherapeutic agent binds to
bacterial RNA polymerase.
A. PZA
B. Actinomycin D
C. Bleomycin
D. Rifampicin
- Rifampicin specifically binds to a DNAdependent RNA polymerase preventing
transcription and translation.
- May be represented as R, RIF, RMP, RA, RF
9. Random coils and triple helices are examples
to what protein structure?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
- PRIMARY = “sequential arrangement”
- TERTIARY = “3D structure as defined by atomic
position”
- QUATERNARY = “arrangement of multi-subunit
complex”
10. Serotonin is synthesized from this amino
acid.
A. Tyrosine
B. Tryptophan
C. Threonine
D. Serine
- SEROTONIN is 5-HT, 5-hydoxytryptamine
11. These are small, extra chromosomal circular
DNA molecules found in prokaryotes.
A. Nucleoli
B. Genes
C. Plasmids
D. Histones
- Histones = alkaline proteins
- Genes = unit of heredity
- Nucleoli = site of rRNA transcription and
assembly
12. These are organelles that contain the
enzyme for pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle,
beta oxidation of fatty acids, oxidative
phosphorylation and ETC.
A. Golgi Apparatus
B. Lysosomes
C. Nucleus
D. Mitochondria
- Most of the “energy-producing” process
happens in the mitochondria.
- PPP is in the cytosol or in plastids
13. This DNA is has a special left handed helical
structure.
A. A-DNA
B. B-DNA
C. Z-DNA
D. F-DNA
14. This type of mutation occurs when the
codon containing the changed base may
become a termination codon?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nonsense mutation
Missense mutation
Silent mutation
Transitional mutation
15. This enzyme is responsible for removing the
RNA primer on the DNA.
A. Exonuclease
B. DNA ligase
C. RNA polymerase
D. DNA polymerase
- Exonuclease = cleaves nucleotide
- RNApol = enzyme ersponsible for creating
RNA from DNA
- DNA ligase = joins DNA together
16. Myoglobin and haemoglobin possess a cyclic
tetrapyrole, heme, as a prosthetic group. Which
ion is found centrally located in the heme?
A. Mg
B. Al
- HEME = Fe, IRON
C. Ca
D. Fe
17. Wermicke-Korsakoff syndrome is presented
as acute confusion, ataxia, and ophtalmoplegia
can be treated with which of the following?
A. Riboflavin
B. Ascorbic acid
C. Thiamine
D. Panthothenic acid
- WERMICKE-KORSAKOFF, thimaine deficiency
or beri-beri
18. What color is the visible result for Ninhydrin
test?
A. Red
B. Yellow
C. Violet
D. Blue
19. Animal employed in the assay of digitalis
glycosides
A. Dog
B. Cat
C. Pigeon
D. Rabbit
- Cardiontonic activity is important to be assayed
to assess digitalis potency.
- Cardiac arrest in pigeons is the end point
20. Pepsinogen is an example of a what?
A. Apoenzyme
B. Holoenzyme
C. Cofactor
D. Zymogen
- Apoenzyme = enzymes that requires a
cofactor
- Holoenzyme = Apoenzyme w/ cofactor
- Cofactor = additional components that
renders full enzyme activity
21. The glycosidic bond form in glycosides is an
example of?
A. Ester bond
B. Ether bond
C. Ketone bond
D. Covalent bond
22. The digestion of carbohydrates begins
where?
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Esophagus
D. Mouth
- Amylase is present in human saliva
23. -amylase cleaves amylose to what?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Maltose and maltotriose
Glucose and glucotriose
Fructose and maltose
Xylose and fructose
- Amylose is a linear polymer composed of Dglucose
24. Peanut oil is known as
A. Rapeseed oil
B. Arachis oil
C. Mani oil
D. Teel oil
25. The site for citric acid cycle.
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosomes
C. Nucleus
D. Cytosol
26. The pentose phosphate pathway occurs in
the __________ of liver, kidney and muscles.
A. Motichondria
B. Ribosomes
C. Nucleus
D. Cytosol
27. What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of
Acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to citrate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Citrate synthase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Fumarase
Malate dehydrogenase
28. An ipecac preparation, which is a component
of poison antidote kits
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Ipecac fluid extract
Dover’s powder
Ipecac syrup
Emetine HCl
Powdered Ipecac
29. The citric acid cycle is an example of what
metabolism?
A. Anabolic
B. Catabolic
C. Amphibolic
D. NOTA
30. These are esters of fatty acids and glycerol
A. Fixed oils and fats
B. Waxes
C. Sterols
D. Lipids
31. What is used to culture measles virus?
A. Agar
B. Armadillo
C. Monkey
D. Avian embryo tissue
- Measles virus Is cultured in either avian
embryo tissue or human diploid tissue
32. This refers to starch that has been
mechanically or chemically processed to rupture
all or pat of the granules in the presence of
water
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sodium starch glyconate
Hetastarch
Pregelatinized starch
AOTA
- Pregelatinized starch is slightly soluble to soluble
in cold water. It is used as a tablet excipient.
33. Xylose is used as a/an
A. Diuretic
C. Binder
B. Pharmaceutic excipient D. Diagnostic aid
- Xylose absorbed in the small intestine but not
well metabolized extensively
34. This is the continuous production of ketone
bodies.
A. Ketonuria
B. Ketonemia
C. Ketosis
D. Ketoacidosis
- Acetoacetate and -hydroxybutyrate are
ketone bodies used to produce energy
35. Which of the following is a wax?
A. Cholesterol
B. Spermaceti
C. Ergosterol
D. Lecithin
- Taken from Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm
whale).
- LECITHIN = generic for yellow fatty substances
from animal, plants and egg yolk
36. Which of the following pairs is correct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Ferrous gluconate-hematinic
Xylose-laxative
Lactulose-Diagnostic aid
A and C
AOTA
37. This is the complete reduction product of
oxygen
A. Hydrogen peroxide
B. Hydroxyl radicals
C. Superoxide anions
D. Water
38. What is the principal constituent of Nutgall?
A. Gallic acid
B. Ellagic acid
C. Resin
D. Tannic acid
- Nutgall contains all, but the question asks for
the PRINCIPAL constituent, which is TANNIC
ACID.
39. Which of the following is photosensitizing
furocoumarin?
A. Psoralen
B. Cantharides
C. Tannic acids
D. Uva ursi
40. Which of the following statements is true
regarding decaffeinized coffee?
A. It normally contains 0.08% of caffeine
B. It normally contains 0.8% of caffeine
C. It has a higher price than ordinary caffeine
D. Both A and C
E. Both B and C
41. This is a differentiating test for aldose and
ketose sugars.
A. Barfoed’s test
B. Benedict’s test
C. Seliwanoff’s test
D. Iodine test
42. -naphthol reaction is also known as what?
A. Molisch test
B. Ninhydrin test
C. Phenylhydrazine test
D. Fehling’s test
- -naphthol main chemical component of
molishch test
43. What type of glycosidic bond joins the
diemrs of glucose to form maltose?
A. -1,4
B. -1,2
C. -1,4
D. -1,2
44. Inherited absence of the enzyme -ketoacid
decarboxylase result to what disease?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Maple syrup urine disease
Ketonuria
Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
-thalassemia
45. When levels of sodium urate crystals
exceeds the limit for solubility, excess
accumulates in soft tissues and causes a
reaction known as
A. Lesch Nyhan syndrome
B. Osteomalacia
C. Gouty arthritis
D. Von Gierke’s disease
46. The state of high serum levels acetoacetic
and -hydroxybutyric acid is called
A. Ketonuria
B. Ketonemia
C. Ketosis
D. Ketoacidosis
47. This refers to aldose-ketose interconversion.
A. Tautomerization
B. Mutarotation
C. Isomerism
D. Conjugation
48. The Salkowski test for cholesterol utilizes
what strong acid?
A. Sulfuric acid
B. Nitric acid
C. Hydrochloric acid
D. Perchloric acid
49. These cells in the body lack mitochondria
thus rendering them incapable of TCA.
A. Platelets
B. Neurons
C. Erythrocytes
D. Leukocytes
50. Which of the following is the central hub in
the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and
amino acids?
A. Glycolysis
B. PPP
C. -oxidation
D. Citric acid cycle
51. Picrotoxin is a
A.
B.
C.
D.
Narcotic analgesic
Powerful anticonvulsant
Central depressant
Teratogenic
- Anamirta cocculus source of picrotoxin
52. Which of the following has been linked to
high rates of esophageal cancer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Camellia sinensis
Quercus infectoria
Areca catechu
Blumea balsamifera
53. The most common outcome of the ingestion
of a toxic plant is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Acute dermatitis
Hepatitis
Nausea, vomiting & diarrhea
Pneumonia
54. This assay provides information about the
per cent of extractive representing the total
class of plant alkaloid
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Proximate assay
Ultimate assay
Spectrometric assay
Chromatographic assay
Titrimetry
55. Vinblastine exerts its antineoplastic action by
A. Interfering with DNA coding and replication
B. Preventing the conversion of folinate to
tetrahydrofolate
C. Inhibiting DNA gyrase
D. Interfering with the polymerization of tubulin
into microtubules
E. Modulating the immune system
56. Which of the following enzymes is used to
bypass the PFK reaction?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Pyruvate carboxylase
PEP carboxylase
Fructose bisphosphonate
Glucose-6-phosphatase
57. Which of the following amino acid has an
imino group?
A. Phenylalanine
B. Proline
C. Tyrosine
D. Threonine
58. Thorn apple, which yields scopolamine, is
called locally as
A. Talong
B. Tambalisa
C. Trompeta
D. Talumpunay
E. Tangan-tangan
59. This test specifically detects the presences of
arginine?
A. Shciff’s test
B. Sakaguchi test
C. Biuret test
D. Ninhydrin test
60. The official test animal used to assay curare
alkaloids by the “head drop” cross-over method
A. Cat
B. Dog
C. Pigeon
D. Mice
61.Which of the following structures is/are
present in the nucleus?
A. Nuclear membrane
B. Nucleoli
C. Chromatin
D. AOTA
62. This is used as a chocolate substitute
A. Guar
B. Locust bean
C. Psyllium
D. AOTA
- Ceratonia siliqua, commonly known as the
carob tree
63. How many ATPs are produced from Glucose
to Fructose-6-phosphate?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
64. Papain is used as
I. meat tenderizer
II. Contact lens cleanser
III. Relieve symptoms of episiotomy
IV. Treatment of herniated lumbar intervertebral discs
A. III only
B. II only
C. I & II
D. I-IV
E. I-III
65. This enzyme is used as a spreading and
diffusing factor
A.
B.
C.
D.
Crystallized trypsin
Hyaluronidase for injection
Streptokinase
Fibrinolysin
66. The principal component of essential oils is
A. Terpenes
B. Aldehydes
C. Lactose
D. Esters
67. Which of the following sources of volatile
oils is used as an antianxiety and sleep aid?
A. Feverfew
B. Gingko
C. Valerian
D. Taxol
68. Which of the following is a source of phenol
glycosides?
A. Uva-ursi
B. Coumarin
C. Cantharides
D. Hamammelitannin
- Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, BEARBERRY
69. A natural prostaglandin used to terminate
pregnancy from the 12th week through the 2nd
trimester
A. Dinoprostone
B. Alprostadil
C. Carboprost
D. Misoprostol
- It is a naturally occurring PGE2, affects uterine
contraction, bone resoprtion and can induce
fever.
70. Which of the following pairs is correct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Reserpine-hypotensive
Sambong-stomachic
Bayabas-diuretic
Lagundi-analgesic
71. Which of the following is used as a flavor to
disguise the bitterness of quinine preparations?
A. Eriodictyon C. Yerba santa E. A and C
B. Mastic
D. A and B
- Yerba santa mean “sacred herd” in Spanish
72. What is the use of sodium starch glycolate?
A. Disintegrating agent
B. Plasma expander
C. Binder
D. Thickener
73. What insect produces the excrescence
Nutgall?
A. Quercus infectoria
B. Cantharis vesicatoria
C. Cynips tinctoria
D. Rhus chinensis
-Quercus infectoria is the plant.
74. In every cycle of the citric acid cycle, how
may ATP is produced?
A. 20
B. 25
C. 15
D. 10
75. Which statement is TRUE about “prions”?
A. Prions contains proteins and nucleic acids
B. BSE and Mad-Cow disease are caused by
prions
C. AOTA
D. NOTA
76. Each end of the DNA double helix contains a
5’ end at one strand and the 3’ end on the other
strand. This describes what characteristic of the
DNA structure?
A. Base pairing
B. Complementary
C. Antiparallel
D. Semiconservative replication
77. The ribose in RNA is converted to
deoxyribose in DNA by replacing the ___ in RNA
with ____.
A. Hydroxyl group, hydrogen
B. Hydrogen, hydroxyl group
C. Oxygen, hydroxyl group
D. Hydroxyl group, oxygen
78. The following base pair forms a minor
groove.
A. Adenine-Thymine
B. Cytosine-Guanine
- Major groove is 22Å wide
- Minor groove is 12Å wide
C. Adenine-Guanine
D. Cytosine-Thymine
79. Which of the following is a point mutation?
A. Insertion
B. Deletion
C. Transition
D. AOTA
80. What is the simplest of all the amino acids?
A. Threonine
B. Tyrosine
C. Glycine
D. Histamine
- Glycine the only amino acid with no chiral
carbon
81. This is the other name for Tauber’s test for
ketoses.
A. Anthrone test
B. Seliwanoff’s test
C. Aminoguanidine test
D. Mucic acid test
82. Transports exogenous lipids to liver, adipose,
cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue.
A. Chylomicrons
B. VLDL
C. LDL
D. Triglycerides
83. Generation of
carbohydrate sources
A. Glycolysis
B. Gluconeogenesis
glucose
from
non-
C. Glucogenesis
D. -oxidation
- Glycolysis = uses carbohydrates to produce ATP
--oxidation = using fats to produce ATP
84. A high energy compound that is a product of
enolase activity on 2-phosphoglycerate
A. CPPP
B. PEP
C. DHP
D. GAP
85. Which amino acid is not a glucogenic amino
acid?
A. Lysine
B. Methionine
C. Glycine
D. Arginine
- LYSINE and LEUCINE are the only nonglucogenic
86. Which of the following is an oxidationreduction process?
A. Conversion of DHP to GAP
B. Glyceraldehyde-3-phospahte to 1,3bisphophoglycerate
C. PEP to Pyruvate
D. Glucose to Glucose-6-phosphate
87. Which of the following enzymes does not
catalyse a reaction that involves a large decrease
in free energy?
A. Aldolase
C. Phosphofructokinase
B. Hexokinase
D. Pyruvate kinase
88. Which of the following molecule enhances
the conversion of Fructose-6-phosphate to
Fructose-1,6-bisphophate?
A. AMP
C. Citrate
B. ATP
D. ADP
89. What is the scientific name of corn?
A. Zea mays
B. Zia mayes
C. Zhea mays
D. Zea meys
90. Peppermint is
A. Mentha piperita
B. Metha spicata
C. Menta longifolia
D. Metha arvensis
91. Wild mint is
A. Mentha piperita
B. Metha spicata
- M. spciata = spearmint
- M. longifolia = horse mint
C. Menta longifolia
D. Metha arvensis
92. Which of the following is not a pyrimidine
base?
A. Adenine
B. Uracil
C. Thymine
D. Cytosine
93. Which of the following drugs need a virusspecific
thymidine
kinase
for
its
monophosphorylation?
A. Trifluridine
C. Cidofovir
B. Foscarnet
D. Acyclovir
-Letter A, B, and C, does not undergo
monophosphorylation via virus specific
thymidine kinase.
94. Fusion inhibitors are new class of antiviral
that blocks the entry of viruses into host cells,
which of the following drug is a synthetic 36amino acid peptide and the first representative
of the fusion inhibitor?
A. Lamivudine
B. Enfuvirtide
C. Docosanol
D. Lopinavir
-Only fusion inhibitor, aka as T-20
95. Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving
Gag-Pol polyprotein that results in the
production of mature viral particle?
A. Kinase
C. Protease
B. Gyrase
D. Transcripatase
- MOA of PROTEASE INHIBITOR, ex: Indinavir
96. Which of the following drugs will target
pyruvyl transferase?
A. Fosfomycin
B. Penicillins
C. Glycopeptides
D. Chloramphenicol
97. It is considered as the workbench of protein
synthesis inhibitors in the subcellular world
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosome
C. DNA
D. Cell wall
- Ribosomes, or the RNA material can trigger
selectivity for drug products due to the
difference in bacterial and human RNA.
98. Since the P site is always occupied by
peptidyl-tRNA or deacylated tRNA, this makes
the A site the primary target of which class of
drugs?
A. Tetracyclines
C. Penicillins
B. Cephalosphorins
D. Chloramphenicol
99. DNA gyrase is an enzyme that relieves strain
as the helicase unwinds the DNA, which of the
following drugs targets the -subunit of the DNA
gyrase?
A. Novobiocin
C. Rifampicin
B. Quinolones
D. Nitrofurans
- Quinolones target the -subunit
100. Study of chemical process in living
organism
A. Biology
B. Biochemistry
C. Chemistry
D. Biological Metabolism