All fungi
1. make their food.
2. absorb their food.
3. produce
mushrooms.
4. have chlorophyll.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Fungi do NOT
1. carry on
photosynthesis.
2. grow on their food
source.
3. digest food outside
their bodies.
4. absorb food through
their cell walls.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Fungi resemble plants in that
they both always
1. have stems.
2. grow from the
ground.
3. are multicellular.
4. have cell walls.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
A mushroom is a fungal
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
fruiting body.
lichen.
mycorrhiza.
yeast.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The tangled mass that makes
up the body of a fungus is the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
hypha.
rhizoid.
mycelium.
stolon.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Fungal hyphae, shown in Figure 21–1, differ in that some lack
25%
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
25%
25%
25%
cell walls.
cross walls.
nuclei.
cytoplasm.
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Most fungi reproduce
1. asexually only.
2. sexually only.
3. both sexually and
asexually.
4. by budding.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Stinkhorns, which mimic the odor of rotting
meat, have spores that are dispersed by
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
wind.
birds.
snow.
flies.
2
3
4
25%
5
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
When hyphae of opposite
mating types meet, they first
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
enter mitosis
grow and develop.
enter meiosis.
fuse.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Sporangia are found at the tops
of specialized hyphae called
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
sporangiophores.
mycelia.
gametangia.
stolons.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Only during a small part of their
life cycles are most fungi
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
diploid.
haploid.
1N.
3N.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following processes is first to
occur after the nuclei of opposite mating
types fuse?
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. Spores are
produced.
2. Gametes are
produced.
3. Mitosis occurs.
4. Meiosis occurs.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Dark fuzz that grows on bread is
an example of
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
toadstool.
spore.
yeast.
mold.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Rhizopus reproduces
1. by sexual fusion
only.
2. by sexual fusion and
asexually only.
3. by budding and
asexually only.
4. all of the above
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In bread mold, haploid gametes
are produced by the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
gametangia.
rhizoids.
zygospores.
sporangiophores.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Bread rises because
fermentation by yeast produces
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
spores.
rhizoids.
water.
carbon dioxide.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The dry, powdered yeast used
to bake bread actually contains
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
zygospores.
ascospores.
conidia.
sporangia.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Yeasts obtain energy by alcoholic
fermentation in the absence of
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
moisture.
carbon dioxide.
oxygen.
sugar.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Mushrooms are classified as
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
common molds.
sac fungi.
club fungi.
imperfect fungi.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which structure is NOT found in
a mushroom?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
ascus
gills
cap
stalk
2
3
4
25%
5
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In mushrooms, the basidia are
found in the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
base.
stalk.
cap.
root.
2
3
4
25%
5
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Over time, nutrients at the center of a large
underground mycelium become depleted,
causing new mushrooms to sprout only
1. in a cluster at the
center.
2. in a ring at the outer
edges.
3. when the nutrients
are replaced.
4. after budding takes
place.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Each of the following is a
basidiomycete EXCEPT
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
shelf fungi.
mushrooms.
puffballs.
cup fungi.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In basidiomycetes, the primary mycelia
of different mating types fuse to form
1. a secondary
mycelium.
2. haploid zygotes.
3. gills.
4. haploid nuclei of
the same mating
type.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which statement about
Penicillium is correct?
1. It produces
mushrooms.
2. It causes bread to
rise.
3. It is the source of an
antibiotic.
4. It causes athlete’s
foot.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Penicillium reproduces only asexually
but otherwise resembles a(an)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
ascomycete.
zygomycete.
basidiomycete.
lichen.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Penicillium may have evolved from an
ascomycete that lost its ability to carry out
1. asexual
reproduction.
2. sexual
reproduction.
3. spore formation.
4. conidia formation.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
An important role of fungi in an
ecosystem is
1. photosynthesis.
2. breaking down
dead organisms.
3. making alcohol.
4. killing bacteria.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Millions of years ago, fungi might have
been important to the success of
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
worms.
grasshoppers.
bacteria.
plants.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Fungi that absorb food from
decaying organic matter are
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
parasites.
saprobes.
mutualists.
autotrophs.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Fungi feed on
1. only living
organisms.
2. only dead
organisms.
3. both living and
dead organisms.
4. only other fungi.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The breakdown of dead organisms is
sped on by the fungal production of
1. alcohols.
2. acids.
3. digestive
enzymes.
4. recycled nutrients.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following
statements about fungi is true?
1. They bind trace elements and
hold them.
2. They return trace elements to
the soil.
3. They do not affect trace
elements.
4. They deplete the soil of trace
elements.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
The human disease ringworm is
caused by
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
worms.
bacteria.
a fungus.
yeasts.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The growth of yeasts in moist regions of the
body is kept in check by competition from
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
antibiotics.
bacteria.
rusts.
mildews.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Crop damage by fungal
diseases is
1. greatest in tropical
areas.
2. least in tropical
areas.
3. greatest in
temperate areas.
4. not affected by
climate.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The fungus that forms a mycelium within the
outer layers of human skin causes
1. ringworm and athlete’s foot.
2. thrush and reproductive-tract
infections.
3. reproductive-tract infections
and ringworm.
4. athlete’s foot and thrush.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
Each of the following is true of
wheat rust EXCEPT that it
1.
is caused by a
basidiomycete.
is carried by insects into
wheat fields.
is controlled by
destroying barberry
plants.
produces two kinds of
spores.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The normal balance between bacteria
and yeasts in the body can be upset by
1. eating yeastleavened bread.
2. eating edible
mushrooms.
3. using antibiotics.
4. being exposed to
mushroom spores.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Figure 21–2 illustrates an association of a(an)
1.
2.
3.
4.
25%
25%
25%
25%
1
2
3
cyanobacterium and a plant.
alga or cyanobacterium and a fungus.
plant and a fungus.
alga and a plant.
4
5
Which of the following is NOT a
single organism?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
rust
smut
yeast
lichen
2
3
4
25%
5
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which statement about lichens
is correct?
1.
They are not tolerant of
harsh conditions.
They cannot make their
own food.
They grow only in soil.
They are composed of
an alga or a
cyanobacterium and a
fungus living together.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The association of plants and fungi in
mycorrhizae illustrates a type of relationship
called
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. parasitism.
2. mutualism.
3. competition.
4. parallelism.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
In most lichens, the fungus is
a(an)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
basidiomycete.
zygomycete.
ascomycete.
deuteromycete.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Beneath the forest floor, carbon atoms can
be moved from one tree to the next by
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
orchids.
fungal spores.
mycorrhizae.
lichens.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Fungi are prokaryotic heterotrophs.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Fungi absorb their food.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
In some fungi, the nuclei are divided by
cross walls. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Fungal cell walls are composed of cellulose.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
During most of the life cycle of a fungus, the
nuclei are diploid.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
In zygomycetes, the rootlike hyphae that
anchor the fungus are called rhizoids.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
In zygomycetes, a germinating zygospore
undergoes mitosis and develops into a new
individual. _________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Ascomycetes have a tough sac that contains
spores. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Both the ascospores and conidia of
ascomycetes are haploid.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Basidiomycetes resemble other fungal phyla
but do not have a sexual cycle.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Fungi recycle nutrients in all ecosystems.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Early fungi may have helped plants obtain
nutrients. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Mycorrhizae are beneficial associations of
fungi and animals.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Repeated infections by Candida could
indicate a problem with the body’s immune
system. _________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
In lichens, a plant associated with a fungus
carries out photosynthesis.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Participant Scores
0
0
Participant 1
Participant 2
0
0
0
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5
Fungi ____________________ their food
outside their bodies and then absorb it.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Chitin, the material that forms fungal cell
walls, is a complex
_________________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
____________________ reproduction takes
place when cells or hyphae break off a
fungus and begin to grow.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Fungal spores are produced in structures
called ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
When the hyphae of opposite mating types
meet, each hypha forms a
_________________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A zygomycete is a thick-walled zygote
formed by a ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 21–3
In the ____________________ stage of
ascomycetes, shown in Figure 21–3, cells
contain two nuclei.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Spore-bearing structures called basidia are
found in the ____________________ of
mushrooms.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A very large secondary mycelium may be
produced by older
_________________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The basidiospores of
____________________ fungi are scattered
by the wind.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Imperfect fungi do not have a
____________________ phase.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
If a sexual phase were observed in a
deuteromycete, it would probably be reclassified in
another ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Fungi break down complex organic matter
by releasing ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A serious fungal disease of
____________________ needs two different
plants to complete its life cycle.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 21–2
The cyanobacterium or algal layer of the
____________________ shown in Figure
21–2 performs photosynthesis.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What are the individual threads of a fungus
called, and what structure do they form
when they appear as a tangled mass?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 21–1
How do the two types of hyphae
shown in Figure 21–1 differ?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Why are the two mating types of fungi
not referred to as male and female?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What three functions do rhizoids
serve in fungi?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In bread mold, how do zygospores differ
from the spores produced on aerial hyphae?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Which fungal phylum contains organisms
too small to be seen with the naked eye, and
what are they?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 21–3
In the ascomycete fruiting body shown in Figure 21–3, how
many nuclei are found in each cell of the hyphae, and what
separates each cell of the hyphae?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Name two commercial uses of
yeast.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Why are basidiomycetes called
club fungi?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Suppose you like mushrooms and see some
growing in a yard. Would you pick and eat
them? Why or why not?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What is the most important role of fungi in
natural ecosystems, and why is this role
important?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Cite an example of a competition between
humans and fungi for nutrients.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How does Cordyceps affect the
insects it infects?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How do lichens encourage soil
formation on barren rock?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How do fungi release nutrients
from once-living things?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Does the haploid or diploid condition occur
most in the life cycle of fungi? Explain your
answer
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Name the four phyla of fungi. What
characteristic determines the phylum into
which a fungus is placed?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Compare and contrast sexual and
asexual reproduction in bread mold.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe the fruiting body of a mushroom.
What allows a mushroom to develop very
quickly—sometimes overnight?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Some giant fairy rings may be centuries old.
Why do fairy rings increase in size over the
years?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
After a few days of exposure to the air at room
temperature, a piece of bread or other food will become
covered with colonies of molds and other fungi. Why does
this occur?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How are fungi both helpful and
harmful to people?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Explain the difference between a
saprophyte, a parasite, and a mutualist.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Why is it not beneficial to kill all bacteria on
and in the body, and what is a common
result of killing naturally occurring bacteria?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
About 90 percent of all trees have
mycorrhizae. Why are mycorrhizae
important?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5