DNA
Replication DNA, RNA,
of DNA And Protein
Gene
Regulation
And mutation
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What are the 4 nitrogenous
bases found in DNA compared
to the 4 found in RNA?
In DNA, Guanine, adenine,
cytosine and thymine
In RNA, Guanine, adenine,
cytosine and Uracil
What is DNA often compared to?
The shape of a Twisted ladder
(double helix)
What are nucleotides made out
of?
Sugar, phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base
What did James Watson and
Francis Crick discover?
The used the data of other
scientists to determine the shape
of DNA to be in the form of a
Double helix in 1953
Who had the transformation
experiment that demonstrated the
change of rough bacteria into
smooth bacteria?
Griffith in 1928
What are the 2 pairs of DNA
bases bind together as a
complement?
1. Adenine to Thymine
Thymine to Adenine
2. Guanine to Cytosine
Cytosine to Guanine
What molecule is responsible for
unwinding and unzipping the
double helix?
DNA helicase
What are the stages of DNA
replication?
Unwinding, base pairing, joining,
replication
What are the 5 proteins
associated in replication of
DNA?
DNA helicase will unwind,
Single stranded Binding protein will
keep the two strands separated,
RNA primase adds in a RNA primer,
DNA polymerase brings in the
complementary DNA nucleotide, and it
will remove the primer then replace it
with DNA nucleotides, and
DNA ligase will join or glue the lagging
strand together
What is the difference between
eukaryotes and prokaryotes for
the number of orgins for DNA
replication?
Eukaryotes have multiple origins
of replication while
Prokaryotes only have one
What is RNA?
RiboNucleic acid
What is the code for TGA?
ACU
What is Beadle and Tatum’s
hypothesis?
One gene codes for one
polypeptide
What are the three types of RNA
and their functions?
mRNA- travel from the nucleus to the ribosome to direct
synthesis of specific proteins.
rRNA- proteins to form ribosome in the cytoplasm.
tRNA- transports amino acids to the ribosome.
____codes for _____directs the
synthesis of ________
DNA codes for RNA, and directs
the synthesis of Proteins
(this is the Central Dogma)
What is a Hox gene?
Crucial in development of the
body plan of an organism within
the embryo, and decides which
part goes where.
Hershey and Chase in 1952
concluded from their experiments
that DNA is the genetic material
of viruses, giving them strong
evidence that DNA is also the
genetic material of
_________________?
Bacteria and in Eukaryotes
State the central dogma?
(give the 3 steps)
Transcription, translation and
protein synthesis
T/F– An operator is a segment of
DNA that acts as an on/off switch
for translation.
False, an operator acts to control
transcription of DNA into mRNA
What blocks transcription when
the operon is off?
A repressor
What is the difference between
an exon and an Intron?
Exons are the coding section of
mRNA and the introns are cut out
of the mRNA and do not code.
What is gene regulation?
Ability of an organism to control
which genes are transcribed in
response to the environment.
What is the difference in a codon
and an anticodon?
A codon is a 3 base code found in
DNA or in mRNA, while an
anticodon is found in tRNA and
is the complementary base code
to a particular codon in mRNA
What is a mutagen?
Substance that causes mutations
like chemicals, radiation, etc.
What is a transcription?
mRNA is written, it is formed
from complementary base pairing
with one side of the DNA
molecule – RNA polymerase is
needed to determine the correct
RNA nucleotide