QW#4 Where does life come
from?
• I will be able to label
and describe the parts
of cells.
• I will be able to tell
someone about the
scientists who started
cell theory.
State Standards
• 6th Grade; Life Science #1Explain that
many of basic functions of organisms are
carried out by within cells and are similar in
all organism
• 6th Grade; Life Science #3
• 7th Grade; Life Science #1
• 7th Grade; Life Science #7
• 7th Grade; Life Science #8
The Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of
cells
• Cells only arise from pre-existing
cells.
• The cell is the basic unit of life.
Robert Hooke
• English Naturalist
• Was the first to use
the term cell.
• Looked at cork
cells under the
compound
microscope.
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Francesco Redi
• Italian Doctor
• It was previously thought
that maggots
spontaneously grew. Redi
disproved this theory.
• He took 8 jars of rotting
meat and covered 4 with
muslin. The jars with
muslin developed no
maggots but the open jars
had maggots
• This is important because
cells come from other
cells
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• Anton was a Dutch scientist who is
considered “the Father of microbiology.”
• The first scientist to see animalcules, or tiny
living things
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Cells
The Cell Membrane
• Controls
movements into
and out of the cell
• Is semi-permeable,
or selectively
permeable.
• Is made of a
phospho-lipid bilayer.
• Helps maintain the
shape of the cell.
Cytoplasm
• Jelly-like
material which
contains
materials
involved in cell
metabolism.
• Gives the cell its
shape
Chromosomes
• Contains code
that guides all
cell activities
• They are found in
the nucleus.
• Chromosomes
contain the genes
that determine an
organisms
characteristics.
The Nucleus and The Nucleolus
• Serves as the control center of the
cell and contains Deoxyribonucleic
Acid (DNA)
• Nucleolus- Contains RNA
• Nuclear membrane – Control what
goes in or out of the Nucleus.
• Animal, Plant and Eukaryotes have
these three organelles
• Chromatin is the combination of
DNA and proteins that make up the
contents of the nucleus of a cell
Mitochondria
• Power House of The
Cell.
• Makes ATP/ Energy
• These organelles are
more plentiful in
active cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Transports
materials
throughout the
cell.
•Rough ER
contains
Ribosome's.
•Smooth ER has
no Ribosome's
Ribosome's
• Grain like
Structures
• Sites of
protein
synthesis
Golgi Bodies
• Packages and
secretes the
proteins made by
the Ribosome's.
• Look like stacks
of pancakes.
The Centrioles
• Involved in cell
division
• Produce
Microtubules that
pull chromosomes
apart.
• Microtubules also
give the cell
structure.
• Are found inside
the nucleus.
Lysosomes
• Powerful
chemicals that
break things
down.
Vacuoles
• Plays a role in
intercellular
digestion
• Store food and
water.
• Are much larger
in plant cells.
Prokaryote
• Have no formed
nucleus
• Are unicellular
• Are very disorganized.
• Have a cell wall,
cytoplasm, ribosomes,
bacteria have cell
membrane
• Bacteria are
prokaryotes
Bacteria
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Eukaryote
• Have a Nucleus
• Have cell membrane bound
organelles
• Are very organized.
• Can be singular or multicellular.
• Have these other organelles;
nuclei, mitochondrion,
lysosome, golgi apparatus,
ribosomes
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Plant Cells
• Have two main differences from animal
cells
• 1. Cell wall = a tough, usually flexible but
sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds a
cell
• 2. Chloroplasts = organelles found in plant
and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct
photosynthesis
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Matthias Schleiden and Rudolph
Virchow
• Schleiden was a German Botanist who was cofounder of cell theory (Structure)
• Schleiden discovered that all plants are made of
cells
• Schleiden worked with Rudolph Virchow who
was a German Doctor
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