6th Year Biology
3rd December 2013
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Recall that Fungi are …………. Organisms and
therefore contain a ………….
Recall that Fungi reproduce by means of
spores
Explain why Fungi are Heterotrophic
organisms only
Draw the structure of Rhizopus the common
bread mould labelling all key structures
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What do you think of when you think of
Fungi??
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Can you name any Fungi?
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Where are Fungi used in Industry?
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What characteristics do you associate with
Fungi?
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Fungi are Eukaryotic organisms meaning they
contain a nucleus & cell organelles. They can
be unicellular (yeast) or can be multicellular
(Rhizopus).
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Fungi do not contain chloroplasts, what does
this tell us about the type of Nutrition that
must exist in all Fungi?
Work with your partner to come up with an
answer-2 minutes.
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All Fungi are Heterotrophic organisms
meaning they cannot make their own food
but instead use food made by other
organisms.
Just as in the Kingdom Monera.
Heterotrophic Fungi can be divided into
Parasitic and Saprophytic.
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Saprophytes: Most fungi are saprophytes.
They feed on dead and decaying organic
matter i.e. dead leaves and also dead
animals.
As the material is digested minerals are
released and recycled → Saprophytic fungi are
vital in the environment
Parasitic fungi mostly take their food from
living plants. Some fungal parasites live on
animals i.e. athletes foot & ring worm.
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Edible Fungi include the common field
mushroom which grows above ground.
Another example of an edible fungi is the
Truffle which grows below ground
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The most common poisonous mushroom are
the death cap and the destroying angel.
These fungi damage the cells in the lining of
the intestine and liver. Liver failure is the
usual cause of death.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QNgY0d_
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Fungi reproduce by means of Spores.
They lack chlorophyll and are therefore
always Heterotrophic
They do not ingest food, but secrete enzymes
onto the food and absorb the digested
molecules.
They have cell walls, usually made of chitin
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The common bread mould is a saprophyte of
starchy foods such as bread
The fungus secretes enzymes into the starchy
substrate.
Digestion takes place outside the fungus and
the digested nutrients are then absorbed by
the Fungus.
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Draw out the structure of the Rhizopus X3
labelling all key structures.
Learning homework, learn the function of
each key structure of the Rhizopus
6th Year Biology
10th December 2013
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Draw the structure of Rhizopus labelling all key
structures and be able to explain their function.
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Recall what is meant by the term Sporulation and
explain it’s importance in Fungi.
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Outline the 5 steps involved in the asexual
reproduction in Rhizopus
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Outline the first 4 steps involved in sexual
reproduction in Rhizopus
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Fungal digestion takes place externally, work
together with your partner to come up with
an explanation for this statement using
Rhizopus the common bread mould as an
example- 2 minutes.
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Rhizoid: Anchors rhizopus and allows
nutrition.
Sporangium: Produces and stores spores for
asexual reproduction.
Stolon/Hypha: Growth
Sporangiophore: Reproduction
Difference between hypha and mycelium: A
hypha is a filament whereas a mycelium is a
mass of hyphae.
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The development of Spores is necessary for
both asexual and sexual reproduction in
Fungi.
Sporulation is the process of making spores.
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If Rhizopus can reproduce asexually what
type of cell division must be used in asexual
reproduction- work with your partner to
come up with an answer and explianation2minutes.
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Sporangiophores grow upwards
The sporangium is formed
Spores are produced by Mitosis
The sporoangium dries up and splits up
Spores are released and will germinate in
favourable conditions to produce hypha.
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Rhizopus exists in two separate strains called
plus and minus strains. Both strains look
identical but sexual reproduction can only
occur between a plus and minus strain.
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Zygospore nuceli divide by meiosis to form
haploid nuclei
Hypha grow
The sporangium produces spores
These are released and the spores germinate
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The positive and minus strains of hyphae
align side by side
A bulge appears in both strains opposite
one another forming a Progametangium
They form a Gametanguim (functionproduces gametes in sexual reproduction)
They unit to form a Zygospore (withstands
unsuitable conditions for surival in sexual
reproduction).
The Zygospore germinates and the
sporangium forms with spores
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Yeast differ to Rhizopus in that it is
unicellular and it does not have a Mycelium.
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This is an asexual process called Budding