Bell Ringer-DO NOW
• Write the things you KNOW about
Plants
• Write the things you WANT TO KNOW
about plants
• Fill in Your DO NOW chart
DO NOW: List all the things you already Know about plants. List the things you Want or need to
know about plants organs.
What I Know
What I Want to Know
What I Learned
Plant Biology
Form and Function
What are we learning today?
Benchmark:
 SC.912.L.14.7 – Relate the structure of
each of the major plant organs and tissues
to physiological processes. AA
Objectives:
Identify the major plant organs
Discuss the functions of the various
plant organs
What is the essential question?
Plants are complex
multicellular organisms with
many organs and structures
that allow them to carry out
all of life’s processes.
How do these organs and
structures function?
Think-Write-Pair-Share
 How are plant cells different from animal cells?
 What are the functions of these organelles in
plants?
What are the types of cells found in
plants?
Parenchyma
 Most abundant & least
specialized
 Loosely-packed, cube
shaped or elongate
 Large central vacuole
and thin cell walls
 Functions in storage and
photosynthesis
 Example: fleshy part of
an apple or potato
Collenchyma
 Irregular in shape
 Thicker cell walls but
flexible to support new
growth regions of the
plant
 Support the growing
parts of plant
 Example: tough strings
on a celery stalk
Sclerenchyma
 Thick, rigid, nonstretchable cell walls
 Often die at maturity
leaving empty, box-like
structures
 Support non-growing
parts of plants
 Example: peach pith or
nut shell
What are the types of tissues found in
plants?
 Plant tissues are organized
into three systems:
 Dermal tissue is like the
“skin” of a plant in that it is
the outmost layer of cells.
 Vascular tissue is like the
plant’s “veins,” transporting
water and nutrients
throughout the plant
Phloem transports food and
xylem transports water
 Ground tissue is everything
else. Ground tissue is made of
cells whose cell walls have
different thickness.
Root Form and Function
 Two types of roots systems in
plants:
 Taproots
 Fibrous roots
 Roots are made up of a
 Root cap protects the growth
zone of the root
 Root hairs increase water
absorption rate
 Roots have several functions
 Anchor and support the plant
 Absorb water and dissolved
nutrients from the soil
 Store food and water.
Root Form and Function
How is a taproot different from a fibrous root?
What are the two main functions of roots?
How does a root prevent erosion?
How are the roots of most plants adapted to perform the
major root functions?
 How root hairs increases the ability
of a plant to absorb water from
the soil the plants grows in?




Stem Form and Function
 Stem shape and growth
are adaptations to the
environment
 Stems grow in length and
thickness
 Stems have several
functions
 Transport materials
between a plant’s roots and
its leaves
 Support leaves and other
structures
 Store food and water
Stem Form and Function
 What are the three main functions of stems?
 How do the functions of a stem relate to the roots and leaves
of a plant?
 Describe how water is transported through a plant?
 What is the difference between primary and secondary
growth?
Leaf Form and Function
 Main organs that carry out
photosynthesis
 Most leaves are flat to absorb
sunlight
 Leaves have small openings called
stomata (stoma) that control gas
exchange and water loss.
 A major limitation of photosynthesis
is insufficient water
 Tiny structures called
guard cells control the size of
the stomata.
Leaf Form and Function
What is the function of the stomata?
What is the function of guard cells?
What is function of leaf veins?
Would a 10 foot tree with no leaves but healthy roots be able
to move water to its top? Explain your answer.
 How does the thin, flat structure of leaf helps increase the
efficiency of photosynthesis?
 How does a leaf structure is an adaptation that allows intake
of carbon dioxide with minimal water loss?




Leaf cross section
Vein
Mesophyll
Stomata CO2
O2
Seed Form and Function
 Seeds are the reproductive structure that contains
a plant embryo
 Seeds store food that the embryo uses for
germination
 Seeds have a protective
coat
 Seed may contain one
(monocot) or two
(dicot) seed plants.
Flower Form and Function
 Modified leaves
 Reproductive structure of
angiosperms
 During pollination, pollen (the
male gamete) is transferred
from the stamen to the stigma
 Many attract animals
 Others are wind pollinated
 After fertilization it develops into a fruit.
 Aids in dispersal of seeds
 Delays germination
 Protects the seed
Cone Form and Function
 Reproductive organ of
gymnosperms (“naked
seeds”)
 Male cones produce
sperm
 Female cones produce
eggs.
 Wind pollinated
 After fertilization, a seed develops
 Seeds are not enclosed in protective fruit.
 Most gymnosperms are hermaphrodites (see
picture). Why would it bear male cones on the lower
branches, below the female cones?
Reproduction Form and Function
 How are the different part of a flower involved in
reproduction?
 Why is it adaptive for some seeds to remain dormant before
they germinate?
 Why did the development of the seed was a major factor in
the success of plants?
 How do the flowers of wind-pollinated plants differ from the
flowers of animal-pollinated plants?
 How might it be an advantage for a plant to have many
flowers together?
 Why might wind-pollinated plants create more problems for
allergy sufferers than animal-pollinated plants?
What is the essential question?
Plants are complex
multicellular organisms with
many organs and structures
that allow them to carry out
all of life’s processes.
How do these organs and
structures function?