Unit 7 Vocabulary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Watson & Crick
Rosalind Franklin
DNA
What are the 3 parts of
DNA?
What 4 bases does DNA
use?
Nucleotide
complementary bases
complementary strands
What makes strands
complementary?
DNA replication
Helicase
DNA polymerase
Why must DNA be
replicated?
Is DNA replication a part
of mitosis, meiosis, or
both?
RNA
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
What are the 3 parts of
RNA?
What 4 bases does RNA
use?
messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transcription
RNA polymerase
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Translation
transfer RNA (tRNA)
Codon
AUG
UGA, UAA, UAG
Anticodon
amino acids
Polypeptide
Protein
Ribosome
central dogma of
molecular biology
Enzyme
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
Chromosome
Gene
Trait
Mutation
Mutagen
Nondisjunction
Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation
Substitution
Downs syndrome
eugenics
James Watson
Francis Crick
Unit 7 Vocabulary
1.
Watson & Crick- scientists who
discovered the structure of DNA in 1953
Franklin’s Picture of DNA
2. Rosalind Franklinscientist who first
photographed DNA
Rosalind Franklin
Unit 7 Vocabulary
3. DNA- hereditary molecule that
carries genetic code for proteins
(traits)
4. What are the 3 parts of DNA?deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group,
base (A, T, C, G)
5. What 4 bases does DNA use?adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
Unit 7 Vocabulary
6. nucleotide- the building block of DNA & RNA; composed of a phosphate
group, sugar, and base
7. complementary bases- bases that chemically bond together, such as A-T or
C-G
8. complementary strands- long strings of bases that chemically bond
together, such as GATTACA and CTAATGT
9. What makes strands complementary?
all of their bases are complementary to
each other
Unit 7 Vocabulary
10. DNA replication- the process of making two identical molecules of DNA
11. DNA polymerase- enzyme that aids in DNA replication by adding
complementary nucleotides to template strand
12. ligase- enzyme that aids in DNA replication by connecting segments of
nucleotides
Unit 7 Vocabulary
13. Why must DNA be replicated?- so that there is a complete copy of DNA
for each new daughter cell when a cell divides
14. Is DNA replication a part of mitosis, meiosis, or both?- both
Growth
DNA Replication
Growth
Unit 7 Vocabulary
15. RNA- ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that
is used as a temporary genetic code
16. What are the 3 parts of RNA?- ribose
sugar, phosphate group, base (A, U, C, G)
17. What 4 bases does RNA use?- adenine,
uracil, cytosine, guanine
Unit 7 Vocabulary
18. messenger RNA (mRNA)- molecule that carries the code of DNA in the
nucleus to the rest of the cell
19. Transcription- the process of synthesizing RNA using DNA as a template
20. RNA polymerase- enzyme that
synthesizes RNA using DNA as a
template
21. ribosomal RNA
(rRNA)- the type of
RNA that is folded to
create a ribosome
Nucleus
RNA
RNA
polymerase
DNA
Unit 7 Vocabulary
22. translation- the process of creating a polypeptide chain using the genetic
code carried by mRNA
23. transfer RNA (tRNA)- molecule that transfers amino acids to the ribosome
amino acid
amino acid
amino acid
anticodon
Unit 7 Vocabulary
24. codon- a group of 3 nucleotides (bases) that codes for 1 amino acid
25. AUG- the start codon; also codes for methionine
26. UGA, UAA, UAG- the stop codons; do not code for any amino acid but
instead terminate translation
Codon = 3
nucleotides
Unit 7 Vocabulary
27. anticodon- 3 nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that complement a mRNA
codon
amino acid
anticodon
Unit 7 Vocabulary
28. amino acids- the building blocks of proteins; 20 types
29. polypeptide- a long chain of bonded amino acids
30. protein- a folded polypeptide
Polypeptide
Protein
Unit 7 Vocabulary
31. ribosome- the organelle responsible for linking together amino acids; the
“protein factories” of the cell
Unit 7 Vocabulary
32. central dogma of molecular biology- the concept that in cells,
information always flows from DNA, to RNA, to protein and not in any other
order.
DNA

RNA
 Protein
Unit 7 Vocabulary
33. enzyme- a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions, such as
DNA polymerase
Unit 7 Vocabulary
34. chromosome- a molecule of DNA that contains 100’s to 1000’s of genes
35. gene- the factors that are passed from parent to offspring; code for a trait
36. trait- a specific characteristic, such as height, of an individual
Unit 7 Vocabulary
37. mutation- a change in the
sequence of DNA; may be positive,
negative, or have no effect
38. mutagen- a substance that
causes mutations; Ex: UV light
Unit 7 Vocabulary
39. nondisjunction- the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis;
leads to the production of gametes with too many and too few chromosomes
Unit 7 Vocabulary
40. deletion- when a segment of
chromosome is lost
41. duplication- when a segment of a
chromosomes is copied, resulting in
two identical segments
42. inversion- when segments(s) of a
chromosome change location on the
chromosome
43. translocation- when two nonhomologous chromosomes cross over,
resulting in a change of location of
many gnes
Unit 7 Vocabulary
44. substitution- a type of gene mutation where one base is replaced with
another
Substitutions:
Unit 7 Vocabulary
45. Downs syndrome- a genetic disorder where a person have 3 copies of
chromosome #21, resulting in a total of 47 chromosomes
Unit 7 Vocabulary
46. eugenics- the science of improving a human population through selective
breeding practices