Proteins Move Based on Size
lactase
tyrosinase
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 1 : Slide 1
Analyzing LDL receptor
A
B
C
LDL
receptor
Normal LDL Receptors
Why did these LDL
receptor proteins move
farther down the
columns?
George’s LDL Receptors
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 1 : Slide 2
What Is The Difference Here?
Sequence of amino acids in LDL receptor protein:
Column A
MGPWGWKLRWTVALLLAAAGTAVGDRCERNEFQCQDGKCISYKWVCDGSAECQDGSDESQETCLSVTCKSGDFSCGGRVNRCIPQF
WRCDGQVDCDNGSDEQGCPPKTCSQDEFRCHDGKCISRQFVCDSDRDCLDGSDEASCPVLTCGPASFQCNSSTCIPQLWACDNDPDC
EDGSDEWPQRCRGLYVFQGDSSPCSAFEFHCLSGECIHSSWRCDGGPDCKDKSDEENCAVATCRPDEFQCSDGNCIHGSRQCDREYDC
KDMSDEVGCVNVTLCEGPNKFKCHSGECITLDKVCNMARDCRDWSDEPIKECGTNECLDNNGGCSHVCNDLKIGYECLCPDGFQLV
AQRRCEDIDECQDPDTCSQLCVNLEGGYKCQCEEGFQLDPHTKACKAVGSIAYLFFTNRHEVRKMTLDRSEYTSLIPNLRNVVALDTE
VASNRIYWSDLSQRMICSTQLDRAHGVSSYDTVISRDIQAPDGLAVDWIHSNIYWTDSVLGTVSVADTKGVKRKTLFRENGSKPRAIV
VDPVHGFMYWTDWGTPAKIKKGGLNGVDIYSLVTENIQWPNGITLDLLSGRLYWVDSKLHSISSIDVNGGNRKTILEDEKRLAHPFSL
AVFEDKVFWTDIINEAIFSANRLTGSDVNLLAENLLSPEDMVLFHNLTQPRGVNWCERTTLSNGGCQYLCLPAPQINPHSPKFTCACPD
GMLLARDMRSCLTEAEAAVATQETSTVRLKVSSTAVRTQHTTTRPVPDTSRLPGATPGLTTVEIVTMSHQALGDVAGRGNEKKPSSVR
ALSIVLPIVLLVFLCLGVFLLWKNWRLKNINSINFDNPVYQKTTEDEVHICHNQDGYSYPSRQMVSLEDDV
Column B
VCNDLKIGYECLCPDGFQLVAQRRCEDIDECQDPDTCSQLCVNLEGGYKCQCEEGFQLDPHTKACKAVGSIAYLFFTNRHEVRKMTL
DRSEYTSLIPNLRNVVALDTEVASNRIYWSDLSQRMICSTQLDRAHGVSSYDTVISRDIQAPDGLAVDWIHSNIYWTDSVLGTVSVADT
KGVKRKTLFRENGSKPRAIVVDPVHGFMYWTDWGTPAKIKKGGLNGVDIYSLVTENIQWPNGITLDLLSGRLYWVDSKLHSISSIDVN
GGNRKTILEDEKRLAHPFSLAVFEDKVFWTDIINEAIFSANRLTGSDVNLLAENLLSPEDMVLFHNLTQPRGVNWCERTTLSNGGCQY
LCLPAPQINPHSPKFTCACPDGMLLARDMRSCLTEAEAAVATQETSTVRLKVSSTAVRTQHTTTRPVPDTSRLPGATPGLTTVEIVTMSH
QALGDVAGRGNEKKPSSVRALSIVLPIVLLVFLCLGVFLLWKNWRLKNINSINFDNPVYQKTTEDEVHICHNQDGYSYPSRQMVSLED
DV
Column C
MGPWGWKLRWTVALLLAAAGTAVGDRCERNEFQCQDGKCISYKWVCDGSAECQDGSDESQETCLSVTCKSGDFSCGGRVNRCIPQF
WRCDGQVDCDNGSDEQGCPPKTCSQDEFRCHDGKCISRQFVCDSDRDCLDGSDEASCPVLTCGPASFQCNSSTCIPQLWACDNDPDC
EDGSDEWPQRCRGLYVFQGDSSPCSAFEFHCLSGECIHSSWRCDGGPDCKDKSDEENCAVATCRPDEFQCSDGNCIHGSRQCDREYDC
KDMSDEVGCVNVTLCEGPNKFKCHSGECITLDKVCNMARDCRDWSDEPIKECGTNECLDNNGGCSHVCNDLKIGYECLCPDGFQLV
AQRRCEDIDECQDPDTCSQLCVNLEGGYKCQCEEGFQLDPHTK
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 1 : Slide 3
DNA Location
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 2 : Slide 4
Chromosomes
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 2 : Slide 5
Pieces to DNA Model
6 T (Orange)
6 A (Blue)
6 G (Green)
6 C (Yellow)
1 base
(light brown)
1 rod (grey)
of alternating deoxyribose (red)
and phosphate (purple)
12 spacers
(transparent)
1 cap
(white)
2 side chains composed
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 3 : Slide 6
DNA Base Pairs
Given DNA Matching DNA Strand
T
G
G
C
G
C
T
G
T
G
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 3 : Slide 7
Pieces to LDL Receptor Protein
DNA Model
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 3 : Slide 8
Marshmallow Color Key
Marshmallow Color
Chemical Base
Orange
Thymine (T)
Pink
Adenine (A)
Green
Guanine (G)
Yellow
Cytosine (C)
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 3 : Slide 9
Step by Step Pictures
Step #1:
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 3 : Slide 10
Step by Step Pictures (cont.)
Step #2:
Learning Set 3: Lesson 3: Slide 11
Step by Step Pictures (cont.)
Step #3:
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 3 : Slide 12
Chromosomes to DNA to Genes
How small is small?
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 4 : Slide 13
From DNA to Proteins
Transcription -Translation
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 4 : Slide 14
From DNA to Proteins 1
Transcription & Translation Overview
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 4 : Slide 15
Symbols for Transcription Translation Models
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 4 : Slide 16
DNA vs. RNA
DNA
RNA
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 4 : Slide 17
DNA vs mRNA
DNA
RNA
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 4 : Slide 18
From DNA to Proteins 2
Transcription & Translation Interactive Modeling
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 4 : Slide 19
Coding Amino Acids
RNA
amino acid
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 4 : Slide 20
LDL Receptor
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 4 : Slide 21
Where are our genes?
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 4 : Slide 22
Location of LDL Receptor Gene
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 4 : Slide 23
LDL Receptor Gene
Segment
focused on
in class
ATGGGGC CCTGG GGCTG GAAAT TGCGC TGGA CCGTC
GCGACAG ATGTG AAAGA AACGA GTTCC AGTG CCAAG
TGGCAGC GCTGA GTGCC AGGAT GGCTC TGAT GAGTC
GGGGACT TCAGC TGTGG GGGCC GTGTC AACC GCTGC
ACTGCGA CAACG GCTCA GACGA GCAAG GCTG TCCCC
CGATGGG AAGTG CATCT CTCGG CAGTT CGTC TGTGA
GCCTCCT GCCCG GTGCT CACCT GTGGT CCCG CCAGC
TGTGGGC CTGCG ACAAC GACCC CGACT GCGA AGATG
TTACGTG TTCCA AGGGG ACAGT AGCCC CTGC TCGGC
CACTCCA GCTGGCGCT GTGAT GGTGG CCCCG ACTGC
CCACCTG TCGCC CTGAC GAATT CCAGT GCTC TGATG
GGAATAT GACTG CAAGG ACATG AGCGA TGAA GTTGG
AAGTTCA AGTGT CACAG CGGCG AATGC ATCA CCCTG
ACTGGTC AGATG AACCC ATCAA AGAGT GCGG GACCA
CGTCTGC AATGA CCTTA AGATC GGCTA CGAG TGCCT
AGATGCG AAGAT ATCGA TGAGT GTCAG GATC CCGAC
GCTACAA GTGCC AGTGT GAGGA AGGCT TCCA GCTGG
CATCGCC TACCT CTTCT TCACC AACCG GCAC GAGGT
AGCCTCA TCCCC AACCT GAGGA ACGTG GTCG CTCTG
CTGACCT GTCCC AGAGA ATGAT CTGCA GCAC CCAGC
CGTCATC AGCAG GGACA TCCAG GCCCC CGAC GGGCT
ACCGACT CTGTC CTGGG CACTG TCTCT GTTG CGGAT
AGAACGG CTCCA AGCCA AGGGC CATCG TGGT GGATC
AACTCCC GCCAA GATCA AGAAA GGGGG CCTG AATGG
CAGTGGC CCAAT GGCAT CACCC TAGAT CTCC TCAGT
CCATCTC AAGCA TCGAT GTCAA TGGGG GCAA CCGGA
CCCCTTC TCCTT GGCCG TCTTT GAGGA CAAA GTATT
GCCAACC GCCTC ACAGG TTCCG ATGTC AACT TGTTG
TCTTCCA CAACC TCACC CAGCC AAGAG GAGT GAACT
CCAGTAT CTGTG CCTCC CTGCC CCGCA GATC AACCC
GGCATGC TGCTG GCCAG GGACA TGAGG AGCT GCCTC
CATCCAC CGTCA GGCTA AAGGT CAGCT CCAC AGCCG
CGACACC TCCCG GCTGC CTGGG GCCAC CCCT GGGCT
GCTCTGG GCGAC GTTGC TGGCA GAGGA AATG AGAAG
TCCCCAT CGTGC TCCTC GTCTT CCTTT GCCT GGGGG
CATCAAC AGCAT CAACT TTGAC AACCC CGTC TATCA
AACCAGG ACGGC TACAG CTACC CCTCG AGAC AGATG
CCTGGAG TCCCG TCCCT GCCCA GAACC CTTC CTGAG
AGACCAA AGCAT TGCCT GCCAG AGCTT TGTT TTATA
ACAGTGC CCATG CAATG GCTTG GGTTG GGAT TTTGG
GGCCCGG GGGGA CCAGG ATGAC ACCTC CATT TCTCT
AATCCTC AAACA TGGAA GATGA AAGGG CAGG GGATG
AACAGCA GATGG CACCA ACGGG ACCCC CTGG CCCTG
CTCAGGA GTCAA CGTGT TTACC TCTTC TATG CAAGC
ACCCCCG AATCA TGACC CACCC AGTGT CTTT CGAGG
TCATGGC GTCGG AAATG ATCTG GCTGA ATCC GTGGT
CACTTCC CAGAG GCAGA GCCTG AGTCA CCGG TCACC
ACCTTGG CCGTG AGGAC ACGTG GCCTG CACC CAGGT
CCCGACC CCTAC CCACT TCCAT TCCCG TGGT CTCCT
GCCTT GCTCC TCGCC GCGGC GGGGA CTGCA
ACGGG AAATG CATCT CCTAC AAGTG GGTCT
CCAGG AGACG TGCTT GTCTG TCACC TGCAA
ATTCC TCAGT TCTGG AGGTG CGATG GCCAA
CCAAG ACGTG CTCCC AGGAC GAGTT TCGCT
CTCAG ACCGG GACTG CTTGG ACGGC TCAGA
TTCCA GTGCA ACAGC TCCAC CTGCA TCCCC
GCTCG GATGA GTGGC CGCAG CGCTG TAGGG
CTTCG AGTTC CACTG CCTAA GTGGC GAGTG
AAGG ACAAA TCTGA CGAG GA AAACT GCGCT
GAAAC TGCAT CCATG GCAGC CGGCA GTGTG
CTGCG TTAAT GTGAC ACTCT GCGAG GGACC
GACAA AGTCT GCAAC ATGGC TAGAG ACTGC
ACGAA TGCTT GGACA ACAAC GGCGG CTGTT
GTGCC CCGAC GGCTT CCAGC TGGTG GCCCA
ACCTG CAGCC AGCTC TGCGT GAACC TGGAG
ACCCC CACAC GAAGG CCTGC AAGGC TGTGG
CAGGA AGATG ACGCT GGACC GGAGC GAGTA
GACAC GGAGG TGGCC AGCAA TAGAA TCTAC
TTGAC AGAGC CCACG GCGTC TCTTC CTATG
GGCTG TGGAC TGGAT CCACA GCAAC ATCTA
ACCAA GGGCG TGAAG AGGAA AACGT TATTC
CTGTT CATGG CTTCA TGTAC TGGAC TGACT
TGTGG ACATC TACTC GCTGG TGACT GAAAA
GGCCG CCTCT ACTGG GTTGA CTCCA AACTT
AGACC ATCTT GGAGG ATGAA AAGAG GCTGG
TTGGA CAGAT ATCAT CAACG AAGCC ATTTT
GCTGA AAACC TACTG TCCCC AGAGG ATATG
GGTGT GAGAG GACCA CCCTG AGCAA TGGCG
CCACT CGCCC AAGTT TACCT GCGCC TGCCC
ACAGA GGCTG AGGCT GCAGT GGCCA CCCAG
TAAGG ACACA GCACA CAACC ACCCG GCCTG
CACCA CGGTG GAGAT AGTGA CAATG TCTCA
AAGCC CAGTA GCGTG AGGGC TCTGT CCATT
TCTTC CTTCT ATGGA AGAAC TGGCG GCTTA
GAAGA CCACA GAGGA TGAGG TCCAC ATTTG
GTCAG TCTGG AGGAT GACGT GGCGT GAACA
ACCTC GCCGG CCTTG TTTTA TTCAA AGACA
TATTT ATTCA TCTGG GAGGC AGAAC AGGCT
TTTCT TCCTT TCCTC GTGAA GGATA AGAGA
CCAGG AAGTT TTGAG TTTCT CTCCA CCGTG
TCAGG CCCAG AGAAG CAAGT GGCTT TCAAC
CCTCA TCCAC CAATC TCTAA GCCAA ACCCC
CTTGC TAGAC AGCCA GGTTA GCCTT TGCCC
TGGGT TTGTA CCTTC CTTAA GCCAG GAAAG
GGCAC CGAGA CCAAA CTCAT TCACC AAATG
CTTAA TATTT ATTAA GTGCC TGAGA CACCC
GTGGC TGTCA GGACA CCAGC CTGGT GCCCA
TGCAC TTTCT CAGTT CAGAG TTGTA CACTG
GTGG
GCGA
ATCC
GTGG
GCCA
CGAG
CAGC
GTCT
CATC
GTGG
ACCG
CAAC
CGGG
CCCA
GCGA
GGTG
GCTC
CACC
TGGT
ACAC
CTGG
AGGG
GGGG
CATT
CACT
CCCA
CAGT
GTCC
GCTG
GGAC
GAGA
TTCC
CCAA
GTCC
AGAA
CCAC
TCTG
GAGA
TCGG
AACA
ACAC
ACAC
TAAA
TGTC
GGAT
ATGC
GGTT
TCCT
TGTA
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 3 : Slide 24
Marshmallow DNA Model
ACCGCGACAC
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 4 : Slide 25
RNA Marshmallow Color Key
Marshmallow Color
Chemical Base
White
Uracil (U)
Pink
Adenine (A)
Green
Guanine (G)
Yellow
Cytosine (C)
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 4: Slide 26
Coding Amino Acids
RNA
amino acid
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 4 : Slide 27
Reviewing George’s Symptoms
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH)
•
Very high cholesterol in blood
•
Waxy patches on the skin
•
Chest pain and heart attacks at a young age
•
Build up of fatty deposits on under skin and in arteries
Knees and Fingers
Coronary Artery: a heart artery
Fatty
Deposit
Fatty
Deposit
28
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 5 : Slide 28
George’s Family History
George
Heart attack: 25y
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 5 : Slide 29
Why George had a Heart Attack
Cross Section of
Coronary Artery
Fatty Deposits
In Coronary Artery
Normal
Tear in
artery wall
Fatty
Deposit
Fatty
deposits
made in
artery
wall
Narrowed
artery
blocked by
blood clot
• Fatty deposits made in artery wall, high blood pressure
• Arteries harden and narrow due to fat accumulation
• Blood flow is reduced
• Oxygen supply to heart reduced
• Can cause chest pain heart attack or death in severe cases
30
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 5 : Slide 30
Cholesterol: Many Roles
Cholesterol
Estrogen
Testosterone
Bile Acids
31
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 5 : Slide 31
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor
cholesterol
Cholesterol
in LDL
LDL Receptor
outside cell
Plasma
Membrane
cell
inside cell
Takes LDL into cell
nucleus
32
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 5 : Slide 32
LDL Receptor
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 5 : Slide 33
Analyzing George’s LDL receptor
A
B
C
LDL
receptor
George’s LDL receptor
34
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 5: Slide 34
Why did Rachel look at George’s DNA?
One of George’s
chromosomes,
chromosome 19, had
an arrow pointing at
one spot on it. This
arrow indicated
something was
different at this spot
on chromosome 19.
What does DNA have to do with the
LDL receptor that causes FH disease?
35
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 5 : Slide 35
Analyzing the Family’s DNA
George
36
Learning Set 3 : Lesson 5 : Slide 36