Mutations
The fat cat ate the wee rat
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Mutation
Mutation – a change in DNA that may or
may not result in a change in the protein
Mutations may be beneficial (good) or
harmful (bad).
Point Mutation
Original - The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Changed - The fat hat ate the wee rat.
What type of mutation is this?
Point Mutation
The 'c' in cat is changed to an 'h'
Original - The fat cat ate the wee rat.
h at ate the wee rat.
Changed - The fat c
Mutation that results in a simple change in one
base of the gene sequence.
GAT TTA CCT
GAT TCA CCT
Frame-shift mutation
Original Changed -
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
The fat caa tet hew eer at.
What type of mutation is this?
Frame-shift mutation
The 't' from cat is removed
Original The fat cat ate the wee rat.
The fat ca ate the wee rat.
Frame Shift - The fat ca t a tet hew eer at.
Mutation that result in the insertion or deletion of
one or more bases causing the strand to shift
Adding or removing one letter changes ENTIRE
STRAND
Can make the DNA meaningless and often
results in a shortened protein.
GAT TTA CCT
GAT TTC CT
Deletion
OriginalChanged-
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
The fat ate the wee rat.
What type of mutation is this?
Deletion
The deletion eliminated the word cat.
Original - The fat cat ate the wee rat.
The fat
ate the wee rat
Deletion - The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Mutations that result in missing DNA
Small or large deletions
Deletions can also cause frameshift mutations.
GAT TTA CCT
GAT CCT
Insertion
Original - The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Changed - The fat cat has ate the wee rat.
What type of mutation is this?
Insertion
The insertion added the word has.
Original - The fat cat ate the wee rat.
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Insertion - The fat cat has
ate the wee rat.
Mutations that result in the addition of extra DNA
Can also cause frameshift mutations and usually
result in a nonfunctional protein.
GAT TTA CCT
GAT TTA GGG CCT
Inversion
Original- The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Changed- The fat tar eew eht eta tac.
What type of mutation is this?
Inversion
The inversion reversed/flipped a section of the
sentence.
Original- The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Inversion- The fat cat ate the wee rat .
A an entire section of DNA is reversed.
A small inversion may involve only a few bases
within a gene, while longer inversions involve
large regions of a chromosome containing
several genes.
GAT TTA CCT
GAT ATT CCT
Types of Mutations
Point
Frame-Shift
Deletion
Insertion
Inversion