FLUKA radioprotection
calculations
Maria – Ana Popovici
Politehnica University of Bucharest
Dose Legal Limits
in Romania
NSR-01
Monitorul Oficial al Romaniei Partea I nr. 404 bis
/29.08.2000
Fundamental Norms for Radiological Safety
Efective dose
rate
(CNCAN, NSR06)
Professional
Public
20 mSv /year
55 μSv/day
1 mSv/year
≈ 2.7μSv/day
2.3 μSv/h
≈ 0.11 μSv/h
Overview
• FLUKA simulations of ELI-NP facility “hot
spots” (from a radioprotection point of
view) were performed for:
• Gamma Source
a) 600 MeV electron beam dump
b) 19.5 MeV gamma beam dump
(E7, E8 in the general layout)
• 10 PW Laser
(E1)
ELI-NP Facility Layout
FLUKA Settings – Defaults Precisio
• EMF on
• Rayleigh scattering and inelastic form factor
corrections to Compton scattering activated
• Detailed photoelectric edge treatment and
fluorescence photons activated
• Low energy neutron transport on down to thermal
energies included, (high energy neutron threshold at
20 MeV)
• Fully analogue absorption for low-energy neutrons
• Particle transport threshold set at 100 keV
• Multiple scattering threshold at minimum allowed
energy, for both primary and secondary charged
particles
FLUKA Settings
• Delta ray production on with threshold 100 keV
• Heavy particle e+/e- pair production activated
with full explicit production (with the minimum
threshold = 2m_e)
• Heavy particle bremsstrahlung activated with
explicit photon production above 300 keV
• Muon photonuclear interactions activated with
explicit generation of secondaries
• Heavy fragment transport activated
Materials (FLUKA input)
Normal concrete (walls)
 Normal concrete, used at ELBE(FZD); density 2.6 g/cm3
Composition (mass fraction): HYDROGEN - 0.007; OXYGEN - 0.456;
SILICON - 0.225; SODIUM - 0.014; MAGNESIU - 0.028; ALUMINUM 0.055; IRON - 0.058; POTASSIU - 0.005; CALCIUM - 0.106; TITANIUM 0.005; FLUORINE - 0.0026; SULFUR - 0.0015; PHOSPHO - 0.0004;
CHLORINE - 0.0001
Heavy concrete (beamdumps)
 MPQ Concrete; densiy 3.295 g/cm3
Composition (mass fraction): HYDROGEN – 0.01048482; BORON 0.00943758 CARBON – 0.0129742; OXYGEN – 0.27953541; FLUORINE
– 1.5175E-4; SODIUM - 3.7014E-4 ; MAGNESIU – 0.08298213; ALUMINUM
– 0.02769028; SILICON – 0.06317253; PHOSPHO – 0.00176963; SULFUR
– 5.8275E-4; POTASSIUM – 4.2024E-4; CALCIUM – 0.03227609;
TITANIUM - 5.457E-5; MANGANES – 0.00321757; IRON – 0.47423935;
STRONTIU - 6.4097E-4
Materials (FLUKA input)
 Stainless steel (electron pipeline, laser beamdump – as an
alternative) AISI316LN; density 7.8 g/cm3
Composition (mass fraction): IRON – 0.67145; CHROMIUM 0.185; NICKEL - 0.1125; MANGANES - 0.02; SILICON 0.01; PHOSPHO - 4.5E-4; SULFUR - 3.E-4; CARBON 3.E-4
 Borated polyethylene (beamdump); density 0.94761 g/cm3
Composition (mass fraction): CARBON – 0.61192; HYDROGEN
– 0.1153; OXYGEN – 0.22261; BORON-11 – 0.04107;
BORON-10 – 0.0091
 Wet air (air with moisture); density 0.00129 g/cm3
Composition (mass fraction): NITROGEN - 0.74379; OXYGEN 0.24169; CARBON - 0.00012; ARGON - 0. 01263;
HYDROGEN - 0.00177
Source terms (FLUKA input)
Gamma Source ( ELI-NP White Book)
a) Electrons: 600 MeV electron
beam, 250 pC/pulse, 12kHz, Div = 0.1
mrad, Gaussian, FWHM = 6 MeV
b) Photons: 19.5 MeV gamma
beam, 8.0E+08 g/pulse, Div = 0.1 mrad,
Gaussian, FWHM = 0.0195 MeV
Source terms (FLUKA input)
10 PW Laser (I = 1.0E+22) - (ELI-PP White Book - draft)
- 0.1 Hz, 300 J pulse-1
a) Photons
3 thermal components with CUTOFF energy at 4 MeV,
isotropic
T1 = 0.035 MeV, N1 = 1.1E+14 sr-1 pulse-1
T2 = 0.58 MeV, N2 = 1.0E+14 sr-1 pulse-1
T3 = 8.8 MeV, N3 = 9.0E+11 sr-1 pulse-1
b) Electrons
38 GeV Gaussian beam, FWHM = 1MeV, CUTOFF
energy at 38 GeV, N = 9.0E+13 sr-1 pulse-1, Div = 1o
Source terms (FLUKA input)
c1) Protons
1 thermal component with CUTOFF energy at 2 GeV, isotropic
T = 20 MeV, N = 1.0E+07 sr-1 pulse-1
c2) Protons
uniform energy distribution between 0 and 2 GeV, isotropic
T = 20 MeV, N = 1.0E+07 sr-1 MeV-1 pulse-1
10 PW Laser (I = 1.0E+23) – ELI-PP estimations concerning
only protons
First estimation
1 thermal component with CUTOFF at 100 MeV, Div = 40o
T = 20 MeV, N = 5.0E+13 sr-1 pulse-1
Second estimation
uniform energy distribution between 0 and 100 MeV, Div = 40o
N = 5.0E+13 sr-1 MeV-1 pulse-1
Gamma Source
Electron Beamdump - Geometry
Cave dimensions:
19m x 5m x 11m
 Lateral walls, roof, floor –
thickness = 1m
Exception: lateral wall for
beamline admitance
1.5 m
 Beamline: diameter = 2cm, 2mm
thick, in AISI316LN, 1mm thick Al
cap

Gamma Source
Electron Beamdump - Geometry
Beamdump: 6m x 4.5m x 8m in MPQ
concrete (Martin Gross design)
Beamdump core: graphite (cone, diameter
= 10cm, height = 50cm), Al (cylinder,
diameter = 10cm, height = 30cm)
Gamma Source
Electron Beamdump – FLUKA Simulation
Gamma Source
Electron Beamdump – FLUKA Simulation
Gamma Source
Gamma cave + Beamdump Geometry
•
•
•
•
Cave E7: 8m x 5m x 8m
Cave E8: 8m x 5m x 5m
Walls – 1.5 m thick
Wall opposite to the
admitance of the beamline
is 2m thick
Gamma Source
Gamma cave + Beamdump
Geometry
• Beamdump dimensions: 3m x
3m x 4m
• Beamdump in normal concrete
• Central hole in beamdump: 30
cm diameter, 1m length
• Beamline in stainless steel,
diameter 2 cm, 2 mm thick
walls, 1 mm thick exit cap
in Al.
Gamma Source
Gamma cave – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser
Laser Cave & Reaction Chamber Geometry
• Cave dimensions: 5m x 5m x 10m
Lateral walls, roof, floor – thickness = 1.5 m
• Reaction chamber dimensions 1.3m x 1.5m x
2.85m
Wall thickness – 6 cm
• Pipe: diameter = 40 cm, 2cm thick, 2 m length
in Al, 2mm thick Al cap
10 PW Laser
First Beamdump Geometry & Materials
• 3m x 3m x 7.5m
MPQconcrete BD
• 50 cm Bor_Poly inside cave
• Lead core 1.3m x 1.3m x 3m
• Central hole: 2m long
cylinder (diameter = 15cm)
+ 50 cm height cone
10 PW Laser
Second Beamdump Geometry &
Materials
• 3m x 3m x 7.5m AISI316LN
stainless steel BD
• 1m Bor_Poly inside cave
• 1m Bor_Poly outside the external
region of BD
• Graphite core 1m long cylinder
(diameter = 20cm) + 50 cm height
cone
• Central hole: 1m long cylinder
(diameter = 20cm)
10 PW Laser
Electrons – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser
Electrons – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser
Electrons – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser
Electrons – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser
Photons – FLUKA Simulation
E
N iT - Ti
e , i  1, 2,3 isotropic
Ti
T1  0.035MeV; N1T  1.11014 sr -1pulse -1; 2.76 10 14s 1
T1  0.58MeV; N 2T  1.0 1014 sr -1pulse -1; 2.51 10 14s 1
T1  8.8MeV; N 3T  9.0  1011 sr -1pulse -1; 8.26 10 11s 1
10 PW Laser
Photons – FLUKA Simulation
E
N iT - Ti
e , i  1, 2,3 isotropic
Ti
T1  0.035MeV; N1T  1.11014 sr -1pulse -1; 2.76 10 14s 1
T1  0.58MeV; N 2T  1.0 1014 sr -1pulse -1; 2.51 10 14s 1
T1  8.8MeV; N 3T  9.0  1011 sr -1pulse -1 ; 8.26 10 11s 1
10 PW Laser
Photons – FLUKA Simulation
E
N iT - Ti
e , i  1, 2,3 isotropic
Ti
T1  0.035MeV; N1T  1.11014 sr -1pulse -1; 2.76 10 14s 1
T1  0.58MeV; N 2T  1.0 1014 sr -1pulse -1; 2.51 10 14s 1
T1  8.8MeV; N 3T  9.0  1011 sr -1pulse -1 ; 8.26 10 11s 1
10 PW Laser
Photons – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser
Protons – FLUKA Simulation
I  1022 W/cm2
I  1023 W/cm2
10 PW Laser - 1.0E+22 W cm-2
Protons
1 thermal component with CUTOFF energy at 2 GeV, isotropic
T = 20 MeV, N = 1.0E+07 sr-1 pulse-1
protons
1pulse
7 protons
10
 4 sr 
 2  2.5  10
sr  pulse
10s energy
second
7
scaling
factor
Protons
uniform energy distribution between 0 and 2 GeV, isotropic
N = 1.0E+07 sr-1 MeV-1 pulse-1
1
10

sr  MeV  pulse
7
2000MeV

0
1pulse
10 protons
dE 
 4 sr  2  5 10
10s
second
energy
scaling
factor
10 PW Laser - 1.0E+22 W cm-2
Protons (thermal) – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser - 1.0E+22 W cm-2
Protons (uniform) – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser - 1.0E+22 W cm-2
Protons (uniform) – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser - 1.0E+22 W cm-2
Protons (uniform) – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser - 1.0E+22 W cm-2
Protons (uniform) – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser - 1.0E+22 W cm-2
Protons (uniform) – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser - 1.0E+22 W cm-2
Protons (uniform) – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser - 1.0E+23 W cm-2
Protons (thermal) – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser - 1.0E+23 W cm-2
ELI-PP estimations concerning only protons
• 1 thermal component with CUTOFF at 100 MeV,
Div = 40o, T = 20 MeV, N = 5.0E+13 sr-1 pulse-1,
protons
3.76 10
second
12
• uniform energy distribution between 0 and 100
MeV, Div = 40o, N = 5.0E+13 sr-1 MeV-1 pulse-1
protons
3.7892  10
second
14
10 PW Laser - 1.0E+23 W cm-2
Protons (uniform) – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser - 1.0E+23 W cm-2
Protons (uniform) – FLUKA Simulation
10 PW Laser - 1.0E+23 W cm-2
Protons (uniform) – FLUKA Simulation
Conclusions
All the radiation sources at the ELI-NP facility are
shieldable in the present simplified layout, even
in an uninterrupted 0.1 Hz working regime.
An important exception: protons with a rectangular
energy distribution. If this source term definition
will prove to be valid, then a limitation of the
number of shots per day will become necessary.
In order to avoid such unwanted limitations, more
realistic source definitions would be very helpful.
Conclusions
The present calculations are schematic and
changes in these results are naturally expected
once building and experimental setup details are
taken into account.
Shielding calculations with FLUKA transport code
can and need to be refined, but this requires the
cooperation of members of the experimental
groups, who need to provide detailed description
of their setups. Also, the problem of the source
term definition should find a realistic solution for
each type of experiment which is to be
performed.