1
Patrizio Antici
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Università di Roma “Sapienza”
Generation of laser-driven
secondary sources and applications
ELI-NP for exploring new
proton energy regimes
2
Projected proton energies for use of different applications ?
New and different acceleration regimes ?
Standart targets
(5-50 µm)
?
Ultra-thin targets
(30-200 nm)
100
Nova PW
RAL Vulcan
300fs – 1 ps
40-60 fs
100-150 fs
RAL Vulcan
RAL Vulcan
CUOS
10
LULI
Janusp
T. Ceccotti et al., PRL 99, 185002 (2007)
D. Neely et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 021502 (2006)
A. Flacco et al., PRE 81, 03604 (2010)
RAL
PW
Osaka
LOA
?
MPQ
1
I0.5
Tokyo
ASTRA
Tokyo
Tokyo
b)
Yokohama
I
0.1
16
10
10
17
10
18
10
19
10
20
10
21
Il (W.cm .µm )
Normalized intensity
(Il² - W/cm²/µm²)
2
-2
2
J. Fuchs et al., Nat. Phys. 2, 46-54 (2006)
J. Schreiber et al., PRL 97, 045005 (2006)
L. Robson et al Nat. Phys. 3, 58–62 (2007)
P.Antici et al., Phys. of Plasma14, 030701 (2007)
New acceleration regimes (non TNSA)
are upcoming and can be tested with ELI-NP
Proton max energy [MeV]
3
10000
1000 ]
[MeV
RPA
Experimental data
Simulations
100
energy
APOLLON
LULI ELFIE
Existing
10
1
(no hot electrons !)
ELI
GeV
Projected
16
10
18
10
20
10
22
10
24
10
I l² (W.cm-2)
Proton maximum
Simulations
Monoenergetic
spectrum
Experiment
(current max 10-20 MeV
but less energy
spread
A. Henig et al., RPL 103 245003 (2009)
A. Robinson et al., New J. Phys. 10, 013021 (2008), A. Robinson et al., Plasma Phys.
Control. Fusion 51, 024004 (2009) ; N. Naumova et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 025002
(2009) ; T. Schlegel et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 083103 (2009) ; A. Macchi et al., Phys.
Rev. Lett. 94, 165003 (2005); B. Quiao et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 145002 (2009).
TNSA enhancement for energy increase:
beyond present-day record of 67 MeV?
4
Obvious route: « brute force »
(laser energy increase)
More clever strategies?
• 1: Decrease the target
thickness (less e- spread +
volumetric target heating)
P. Antici et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, 030701, (2007)
T. Ceccotti et al., PRL 99, 185002 (2007)
D. Neely et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 021502 (2006)
A. Flacco et al., PRE 81, 03604 (2010)
• 2: Use of low-density plasmas
P. Antici et al., New Journal of Physics 11 (2009)
A. Yogo et al., PRE 77, 016401 (2008)
L. Willingale et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 245002 (2006)
• 3: Geometrical e- confinement
S. Buffechou et al., PRL 105 015005 (2010)
P. Antici et al., NIMA 2010.01.052 (2010)
• 4: Tightest laser focusing
M. Nakatsutsumi et al., submitted (2009)
Hybrid accelerator schemes
perfectly suited for ELI-NP
5
ELI-NP can combine innovative plasma acceleration
sources with conventional accelerator technology
Laser-generated
particle source
Capturing section
Accelerating and
transporting
section
Protons
Electrons
Plasma accelerator Conventional accelerator
Improvements using beam shaping and
post-acceleration with conventional accelerators
6
Combined accelerator
Injection studied using RF-cavity
Logan, Caparasso, Roth, Cowan, Ruhl
et al. (LBNL-LLNL-GSI-GA)
S. Nakamura et al. Jap Jour. Appl. Phys. 46 L717 (2007)
Logan, Caparasso, Roth, Cowan, Ruhl
et al. (LBNL-LLNL-GSI-GA) (2000)
First start-to-end simulations
Focalisation using Quadrupoles
focused proton
beam
diverging proton
beam
CPA2
CPA1
proton source foil
t=350 fs
I~3×1018 W.cm-2
l=1 µm
P. Antici et al., JAP 104, 124901 (2008)
M. Schollmeier et al., PRL 101, 055004 (2008)
Beam shaping with conventional accelerators
becomes more fashionable
7
Transport with 1 Hz
Focalisation with Solenoids
K. Harres et al J. Phys Conf.
Series 244 022036 (2010)
F. Nürnberg et al.,
PAC 2009
M. Nishiuchi et al Phys Rev STAB 13
071304 (2010), 5% spread, 10%
efficiency
Post-acc with
modified DTL
V. Bagnoud et al., APB
(2009)
8 T solenoid
A. Almomani et al.,
Proceeding IPAC (2010)
ELI-NP can test innovative accelerator structures
such as SCDTLs that outperform other structures
8
Side Coupled DTLs (3 GHz)
New hybrid accelerator scheme
+
1
0.8
drift length=10.4 cm
drift length=20.4 cm
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
6
Proton energy evolution within the
SCDTL
P. Antici et al., PoP (in press)
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14
Energy (MeV)
15
Normalized energy spectrum for
100 mA input current and two
different lengths of the leading
drift.
16
Transmission (red points), output
norm. envelope (blue points)
versus the input current
ELI-NP can also test beam-handling/matching
of a laser-driven electron beam line
9
Conventional accelerator can tailor laser-driven
beams and make them adaptable to all applications
Laser-generated
source
Laser-generated
particle
distribution
Matching line
?
Focusing and
trasporting line
Usable beams
ELI-NP allows to explore WDM
regimes currently unreached
10
Higher efficiency proton beams will allow reaching unexplored hotter
plasma zones (R P A: 60 % efficiency, compared to 4 % TNSA)
•Understanding of transition phases
and thermo-dynamical properties
•Laboratory astrophysics (conditions
only existing in stellar interiors)
Proton virtual
point source
Foil 10-20 µm
(proton source)
protons
/ ions
100-500μm
heated
sample foil
Accessible with LMJ, NIF
]
plasma plasma
=
Classical
104classical
ICF
50 eV
V
e
Temperature (eV)
[
102
dense
plasma
Soleil
Zone to
explore
WDM
Realized
ératu
p
Tem
1
10-2 1 102
Density [g/cm3]
Stopping power
Equation of state
ELI-NP can be used also for experiments in
the ICF or related applications
1. Higher proton
energy for
probing thicker
material
2. Higher laser
energy for higher
energy electrons
3. Tailoring of
heating
temperature
11
Higher intensity laser = brighter beams allows
measurement of hotter electron transport
3
1
2
3 Ultra-intense laser beams
12
…and much more….
Thank you for your attention !