Electromagnetic Black Hole
Made of Metamaterials
B96901128 王郁翔
Outline

1. Introduction

2. Theory & Structures

3. Experiments & Results

4. Conclusions

5. References
What is Black Hole?

1. Laplace’s view

2. Schwarzschild’s solution of Einstein’s
vacuum field equation (general relativity)
Analogy Between Mechanics and
Electromagnetic

Curved space----inhomogeneous
metamaterial

Least action principle----Fermat’s principle
Characteristics

Non-resonant structure—broad band
light absorption

Omnidirectional

Lossy core and lossless shell.
Usage

Cross-talk reduction

Thermal light emitting source

Solar light harvesting
Theoretic Analysis

Hamilton equations:

p:generalized momentum q:generalized
coordinate

H: Hamiltonian
Theoretic Analysis

For cylindrical structure,
use semiclassical analysis[3]

Inhomogeneous permittivity—
potential.
different
Inhomogeneous Permeability

For n=-1, 1, 2, 3

Choose n=2
easiest to fabricate
Structures

Lossy circular inner core—ELC resonator
(20 layers)

Lossless circular shell—I-shaped
metamaterials (40 layers)
ELC resonator

t=1.6mm,g=0.3mm,p=0.15mm,s=0.65mm

Resonate at 18GHz
I-shaped

w=0.15mm, q=1.1mm, 18GHz

Different m, different ε
Experiment condition

18GHz

Cell 1.8mm

R=108mm, Rc=36mm, height=5.4mm

Fabricate on styrofoam board

Parallel-plate waveguide near-field
scanning system to measure
Simulation

Gaussian beam

Absorbing rate 99.94%, 98.72%
Simulation & Experiment

Narrow beam simulation, experiment
Simulation of Plane wave

Electric field and power flow.
Simulation & Experiment

Nearby source excitation.
Optical Frequency

R=20μm, Rc=8.4μm, λ=1.5 μm
Conclusion

Designed, fabricated, and measured an
electromagnetic black hole.

Really useful in solar light harvesting?
Reference



[1] Cheng,Q., Cui,T.J., Jiang,W.X., Cai,B.G. An
electromagnetic black hole made of metamaterials,
2009
[2] Narimanov, E. E., Kildishev, A. V. Optical black
hole: Broadband omnidirectional light absorber.
Appl.Phys. Lett. 95, 041106 (2009).
[3] Landau, L. D., & Lifshitz, E. M. The Classical
Theory of Fields, 4th ed. (Butterworth Heinemann,
1999).