CDMA Basics
AGENDA
Section I
Introduction of WLL
Section II
ZTE cdma2000 1X MSS
Section III
ZTE cdma2000 1X BSS
Section IV
Conclusion
What is WLL
Definition
WLL is the system that connects subscribers to the
PSTN using radio signals as a substitute for a copper
for all or part of connection between subscriber and
switch.
Systems WLL is based on
Macro cellular
Micro cellular
Other names
Radio In The Loop (RITL)
Fixed-Radio Access (FRA).
General WLL setup
Advantages of WLL
Cost to connect a subscriber is independent
of the distance
Shorter implementation time
Higher flexibility
Lower maintenance
Quick return of investment
Lower network extension cost
Economics and Market Review
Impact of WLL on OSP
Technologies used in WLL
Analog Cellular
AMPS, TACS, NMT
PCS/PHS
Cordless Telephone 2nd generation(CT-2)
Digital Cellular
GSM, CDMA
G !!!
 1G
2G 3G
 ？？？？？？？？
 G = Generation
 1G: AMPS, NMT
 2G: IS95, GSM, CDMA 2000
 3G: WCDMA, CDMA 2000
EVDO/ EVDV
BASIC CONCEPTS
 CHANNEL
 Erlang
 Grade
of Sevvrvice (GoS)
 Interference
FDMA /House
Certain frequency is
allocated for a channel
TDMA /Apartment
Certain frequency and
time slot is allocated for
a channel
CDMA /City Hall
All frequency resource
and all time are allocated
for a channel .
?
Technical Features of CDMA
Introduction of CDMA
CDMA
CDMA use wideband spread spectrum
Different channel use the same
frequency at the same time by
different code
CDMA
Power
Technical Features of CDMA

Spread Spectrum
Improved call quality, with better and more consistent
sound and enhance privacy

Multiple Access
Code Division: Frequency reuse and guarantee large
system capacity
Short PN, long PN and Wash codes are used for coding

Soft Handoff
Seamless communication with low calls dropping
Technical Features of CDMA

Power Control
Ensure optimum power level, reducing Near and
Far Effect
Low radiation and longer battery usage time

Diversity Receiver (Rake Receiver)
Achieve signal gain and low Multi-path Effect

Voice Activation
 Lower transmitting power and low speed
Technical Advantages of CDMA

For the Telecom Service Provider
High Efficiency of Frequency Utilization
Simple Frequency Planning
Large Capacity Network
Smooth migration to 3G

For the Subscriber
Crystal-clear Voice Quality
Good Anti-jamming
Inter system soft handoff reduces calls dropping
Low radiation and Long Standby time (long battery duration)
Reliable Privacy
ZTE CDMA Solutions
ZTE CDMA WLL System Solution : Flexibly meet the operator’s commands
HH
PSTN
Um
BTS
BSC
FWT
A(IOS)
MSC/VLR
BTS
BTS
HLR/AC
WIN
PDN
Abis
Um
BSC
V5.2
SS7/R2
MF
LE/PSTN
V5.2
FWT
ANSI-41
A(IOS)
R-P
HH
SMSC
SS7/R2
Abis
BTS
R-P
PDN
AGENDA
Section I
Introduction of WLL
Section II
ZTE cdma2000 1X MSS
Section III
ZTE cdma2000 1X BSS
Section IV
Conclusion
Presentation Outline
 ZXC10-MSC

HLR/AUC

SMSC

services

Aadvantages
MSC
Provides


and controls mobile access to the PSTN
Interprets the dialed number
Routes and switches call to destination number
Manages
mobile’s mobility
Manages mobile’s calls
Manages mobile’s supplementary services
Coordinates intersystem handoff
ZXC10-MSC Structure
OMM
Remote OMS
Local OMS
CSM
MSM
MPM
SNM
MPM
MPM
ZXC10-MSC/VLR Networking
Less 60,000 Subscribers
120,000-600,000 Subscribers
MPM
CSM
MPM
…
MPM
MPM
MPM
60,000-120,000 Subscribers
…
MPM
MSC/VLR hardware structure

The MPM is composed of the following units:





DTU (Digital Trunk Unit)

DTI (Digital Trunk Interface)
 ECDT (Echo-Canceller Digital Trunk).
ASIG (Analog Signal)

MFC (Multi-Frequency Control).
 DTMF (Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency)

TONE
CTLU (Control Unit)
 MP (Module Processor)
 COMM (Communication board)

PEPD (Peripheral Environment Parameter Detection)
 MON (Monitor board)
NETU (Network Unit), also called T network unit
 DSN (Digital Switching Network)
 DSNI (Digital Switching Network Interface)
FBIU (Fiber Bus Interface Unit)
MPM – General Description







Logical Layer
Control Unit

Networking Switch Unit
Digital Trunk Unit
ASIG Unit
Synchronization Unit
FBI Unit






Physical Layer
MP, SMEM, COMM,
MON, PEPD
DDSN, DSNI
DTI, DTEC
ASIG
SYCK, CKI
FBI
MPM Hardware
ASIG
S
V
B
S
A
D
T
I
8Mb/S
D
S
N
I
1
16
1
DSN
16K*16K
8Mb/S
DSNI-C
2 Mb/S
COMM
1 Mb/S
MP
16
D
S
N
I
8Mb/S
D
T
E
C
PSTN
Functional units and boards :DT

Structure


The DTI is the interface unit between the mobile switching systems
(inter-office) or between a mobile switching system and the digital
transmission system.
The DTI unit is composed interface circuits, code rate conversion unit
and control circuits
Functional units and boards :ASIG


Structure
 the ASIG board is mainly composed of the code rate
conversion circuit, digital signal processing circuit and CPU
control circuit.
Function
 ASIG only exists in the MPM, mainly providing functions such
as DTMF, MFC, tone signals, voice prompts, conference calling
etc by means of different software programs.
Functional units and boards :MP

Structure
 The MP is composed of CPU, bus system, storage system,
system controller and I/O interface device.

Function
 Controlling the switching network connection;
 Responsible for the transmission of data and commands
Implement message communication with various peripheral
processing units.
Functional units and boards :COMM





COMM Board
Function Classify:
MP-MP—inter-module communication
board
HCOM—inter-module communication
board
MP-PP—intra-module communication
board
Functional units and boards :DSN

Function
 Implements the voice channel connection switching
for the subscribers

Interconnects with the central office switching
network module to realize inter-module voice
channel connection.
Functional units and boards :DSNI
Classification:
 An interface of MP level DSNI-C
 An interface of SP level DSNI-S


Functional units and boards :Synchronous Clock
System
Function
 The clock synchronization of the mobile switching system is
critical to the realization of communication network
synchronization.
 Composed of clock input (CKI), sync clock (SYCK).
Functional units and boards :FBI
 FBI
(Fiber Bus Interface)
 It applies synchronous multiplexing
technique and optical fiber technique to
implement the interconnections of Modules .
 It uses two optical fiber lines to transmit up
to 16 lines of 8Mb/s PCM signals
 It can reduce connection wires and increase
anti-interference ability of the system, and to
reduce mutual cross talks among wires.
These enable the PCM wire signals in T
network to be correctly.
Functional units and boards : Misc
1
MPM = 1 PEPD ( Environment
Detection)
 1 MPM = 1 SMEM ( Shared
Memory)
 1 MPM = 1 MON (Monitor)
MPM configuration
BDT
P
B
BDT
P
B
BCTL
P
B
BNET
P
B
P
BDT
B
P
BDT
B
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
A
S
I
G
A
S
I
G
A
S
I
G
A
S
I
G
A
S
I
G
A
S
I
G
C
O
M
M
5
C
O
M
M
6
C
O
M
M
9
C
O
M
M
10
C
O
M
M
11
C
O
M
M
12
D
S
N
I
D
S
N
I
D
S
N
I
D
S
N
I
S
M
E
M
M
P
C
O
M
M
1
M
P
S
F F F F F F
Y
B B B B B B
C
I I I I I I
K
C
O
M
M
2
C
O
M
M
3
S
Y
C
K
C
O
M
M
4
C
O
M
M
7
A
S
I
G
C
O
M
M
8
DD D D D D
SS S S S S
N N N
NN N I I I
D
S
N
I
A
S
I
G
P M
E O
P N
D
D
S
N
I
D
S
N
I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
D D
T T
I I
P
B
P
TRUNK
LAYER
TRUNK
LAYER
B
P
B
P
B
B
P
B
CONTROL
LAYER
NETWORK
LAYER
TRUNK
LAYER
TRUNK
LAYER
Synchronization clock in MPM
MP
DTU
4MHz/8KHz
COMM
MON
D
S
N
16MHz/8kHz
D
S
N
I
(C)
D
S
N
I
(S)
8MHz/8KHz
ASIG
F
B
I
8MHz/16MHz/8KHz
External
clock signal
(DTI)
BITS
SYCK
CKI
Voice & Message Flow
VOICE
ASIG
PATH
DTI
DSNIS
PSTN
DSN
DSNIC
COMM
MESSAGE
PATH
MP
DSNIS
DTI
BSC
CSM hardware(64K*64K)
ZXG10MSM
MSM
2 Mb/s
HDLC
Single T
switch network
Optical
16×8Mb/s
2Mb/s
HDLC
COMM
512Kb/s
COMM
MP0
MPM
16K × 16K
fiber
(64K × 64K )
512 Kb/s
COMM
16×8Mb/s
COMM
MP1
LAN
OMM
OMM
MPM
16K × 16K
MSC rack
Rack dimension—
2200mm×810mm×600mm
(Height×Width×Thickness)
(the width is 870mm with the side
board)
weight—
Less than 250 kg when fully
configured
DC power
1.MPM-the power is 700 W
2.CSM-the power is 1200 W
3. MPM & CSM both operate at –48V
ZXC10-MSC/VLR Characteristic
MSC Capacity:
600,000
MAX Subscribers:
MAX Trunks
MAX Capacity:
MAX Traffic:
MAX SS7 Links
600,000(64K×64K)
60,000
Linear growth
21000Erl
640 Link
Presentation Outline

ZXC10 MSC

HLR/AUC

services

Advantages
ZXC10-HLR/AUC Structure
Database
MAP
OMM
Server
TCP/IP
CPM
network
O&M
platform
(double network )
parts
SS7 link
NO.7 network
Service
Acceptance
platform
Rack for MAP Processor and DB
MAP Processing Module Rack
Full configuration: 5 processors
Common Signaling Processing Module
Full Configuration: 6 Modules
DB Module Rack
Configured with 2 servers and 1 disc array
ZXC10-HLR/AUC Characteristic
HLR Capacity: 1,200,000
AUC Capacity: 1,200,000
Processing ability
Single CPM sub-rack (module):
Single rack provides:
32 SS7 Link, 200Ksub.
192 signaling links with
full of 6 CPM sub-racks.
Both MSC/VLR and HLR/AUC: MTBF>10 years
MAIN FEATURES OF HLR/AUC
Modular Design
High-performance Database
Cluster tech
Dynamic load-sharing tech
Windows NT or UNIX platform
Disk Array with redundant tech
Dual-Ethernet communication structure
Presentation Outline

MSC/VLR

HLR/AUC

SMSC

services

Aadvantages
ZTE SMSC: Some Key Parameters
• System Capacity: 4.32M BHSM
• Supporting 8.64M Subscribers at 0.5
BHSM
• Up to 1200 Short Messages/Second
• Short Message Storage Delay < 1
Second at 95% Probability
Cost Effective Design: SMSC Sharing Between Systems
Shared Short
Message
Center
MSC/VLR
GSM MS
BSS
GSM Network
CDMA MS
MSC/VLR
BSS
CDMA Network
• ZTE Short Message Center Can Be Shard Between CDMA and GSM Networks
• The Investment, Operation and Maintenance Cost Can Be Reduced
Another Cost Effective Solution: SMSC Gateway
Allows SMSC Services Sharing
GSM SMSC
ESME
SMPP
GSM Network
ESME
SMPP
SMPP
GSM MS
SMPP
NSS/BSS
ZXSC100-GW
SMPP
ESME
CDMA MS
CDMA SMSC
NSS/BSS
CDMA Network
• ZTE Short Message Center Gateway Allows Operators to Share The Value Added
Extended Short Message Services (ESMEs) Between CDMA and GSM Networks
•  The Investment, Operation and Maintenance Cost Can Be Reduced
Virtual SMSC Provides You Flexible Marketing Strategies
• A ZTE SMSC can be configured as multiple
virtual SMSCs (max. 256)
• These virtual SMSCs are independent of
each other
• Each virtual SMSC serves a designated
network (market)
• Depending on the market needs, a virtual
SMSC selects the required ESME services
ZTE Reduces Your Investment in The
Initial Network Deployment
Presentation Outline
 service
basic service
supplementary service
WIN services
Services
Basic Service
—
—
—
—
Normal Call
Emergency Call
Facsimile Service
Voice Mail-Box Service
Data Service
9.6K-153.6Kbps Asynchronous Data Service
Services
Supplementary services











Call Forwarding Busy
Call Forwarding Un-cond
Call Fwd No-Answer
Call Forwarding Default
Call Waiting
Three-Way Calling
Calling Num Ident Pres
Calling Num Ident Res
Sub PIN Access
Subscriber PIN Intercept
Do Not Disturb
(CFB) Do Not Disturb
(CFU)  Message Waiting Notification
(CFNA)
Voice Mail Service
(CFD)
(CW) Password Call Acceptance
(3WC) Preferred Language
(CNIP)
(CNIR) Remote Service Control
(SPINA) Selective Call Acceptance
(SPINI) Conference Calling
(DND) Call Transferring
(DND)
(MWN)
(VMS)
(PCA)
(PL)
(RSC)
(SCA)
(CC)
(CT)
Services
Wireless Intelligent Services
— PPC : Prepaid service
— 800: Paid by the 800-owner
— WAD: Wireless Advertisement
— WVPN: Wireless Virtual Private Network
— Mobile Bank
— GPS
Presentation Outline
MSC/VLR
HLR/AUC
Services
advantages
Interfaces & Migration To 3G
Standard and Open Interface
Strictly comply to all CDMA tech rules and
protocols issued by China’s MII. A-interface
supports IS634-A, IOS2.x, IOS4.0
Smoothly upgrades to 3G
ZTE CDMA WLL system provides a smooth
evolution solution for Telecom Service Providers. It
is easy to migrate to full mobile system or to 3G
system only with software upgrading and without
modifying HW of MSS
Perfect O&M system
Billing management
Diagnosis testing
configuration management file management
performance statistic
version management
fault management
clock management
signaling tracing
maintenance record
service observation
secure management
subscriber tracing
operation right management
INTEGRATIVE HW PLATFORM
STP
MSC/GMSC/SSP
TMSC
MSC/VLR, HLR/AUC can be separate or integrate;
components and power reduced, the reliability enhanced.
RELIABILITY & STABILITY
Key parts, hot stand-by with automatic switchover
Automatic test and diagnostic system
Signaling observing system
Optic fiber, guarantees large information volume
Interference immunity
Dual communication bus and internal communication
with high-speed Ethernet
Security protection, control with different authority
Hot-standby and load-sharing
High performance servers
CONFIGURATION of 10,000 subs
For CDMA WLL system with 10,000 subs, needs:
one MSC Processing Module (one rack)
one OMC for MSC/VLR & HLR/AUC (one rack)
one HLR/AUC’s CPM module (one rack)
one HLR/AUC’s MAP module (one rack)
one Data Base (DB) with DB server & Disc Array (one
rack)
CONFIGURATION of 80,000 subs
For CDMA WLL system with 80,000 subs, needs:
two MSC Processing Modules (one rack)
one OMC for MSC/VLR & HLR/AUC (one rack)
one HLR/AUC’s CPM module (one rack)
one HLR/AUC’s MAP module (one rack)
one Data Base (DB) with DB server & Disc Array (1 rack)
Compared with the configuration of 10,000 subs, only one
more MSC Processing Module should be added
AGENDA
Section I
Introduction of WLL
Section II
ZTE cdma2000 1X MSS
Section III
ZTE cdma2000 1X BSS
Section IV
Conclusion
ZX3G1x BSS - Key Features
Capacity Increase : voice service Erl capacity doubled
Support up to 153.6kbps high-speed packet data
Prolong battery standby life
Support Dynamic Vocoder allocation/ vocoder resource pooling
Support Interconnection of BSCs and inter-BSC soft handoff
Built-in PCF and IWF
Smooth Evolution to EV-DO
Backward Compatibility IS95A
SUMMARY OF CDMA BSS PRODUCT
CDMA BSS
ZXC10-BSC/PCF
ZXC10-BTS
Wide area coverage solution
Deep coverage solution
CDMA Handsets
ZXC10-OMC
System Architecture
BSS
Sub-system
CDSU HIRS SVBS CPS BSM
TS
BDS
RFS
TFS
system
BSC
BTS
GPSTM
TCM
SAM
BTS_CDSU
RFIM
CCM
CHM
RFE
HPA
TRX
RFCM
BTM
GPSTM
FDM
TCM
IQU
RSU
TXU
TXU
BSC _CDSU
NIM
NCM
ESVICM
SVM
PAM
CPM
modual
CHP
CE
SIE
SVP
SVE
unit
I: BSC/PCF rack structure
HIRS:high speed
inter route subsystem
NCM, NIM
CDSU:channel data service unit (BSC side)
CPS:call process subsystem
CPM: call process module
TS:time subsystem
TCM, GPSTM
SVPS:selector/vocoder/packet data subsystem
SVM, SVICM, PCF
Major functions of BSC in
CDMA Network
Basic functions of BSC
 Connect
to BTS
 Connect to MSC
 Connect to PDSN
 Connect to another BSC
 Call processing
 Connect to OMM System
How BSC connects to BTS
BSC’s Connection to BTS
BTS
C
D
S
U
Abis
Non channelized E1
C
D
S
U
BSC
BSC connects to BTS through CDSU Cards
Next
How BSC connects to MSC
BSC’s Connection to MSC
BSC
S
V
M
S
A- Interface
E1
D
T
I
MSC
BSC connects to BTS through SVMS
Next
How BSC connects to PDSN
BSC’s Connection to PDSN
BSC
P
C
F
S
A10/A11- Interface
PDSN
10M/100M fast Ethernet
BSC connects to PDSN through PCFS
Next
How BSC connects to another
BSC
BSC’s Connection to BSC
BSC
A
S
M
A3/A7- Interface
Another
BSC
E1
BSC connects to another BSC through ASM
WHY
Inter Connection between Different Sub
Systems
TS
SVBS
BSM
HIRS
CDSUS
TO
MSC



TO
PDSN



PCFS
TO
BTS



CPS
HIRS: High speed Interconnection
Router Subsystem
SVBS: Selector/Vocoder Bank
Subsystem
PCFS: Packet Control Function
Subsystem
CPS: Calling Process Subsystem
BSM: Base Station Management
TS: Time Subsystem
CDSU: Channel/Data Service Unit
Inter Connection between Sub Systems
BTS
TO OMC
BSC
Abis
LAN
BTS
BTS
Abis
CDSU
NCM
HIRS
CPM
SVM
TCM
ASM
Gps or
Glonass
SVM
SVM
ESVICM
E1
Other E1
BSC
B1
MSC
B2
High Interconnection Routing Sub System
GPSTM
RS232
NCM
Ethernet
OAM
platform
Dual buses
NIM
NIM
HDLC
NIM
HDLC
CPM
CDSU
SVBS
High Interconnection Routing Sub System
 CDMA BSS
system employs highspeed packet data network
switching instead of traditional
circuit switching mode for
service/signaling switching
between subsystems or modules.
High Interconnection Routing Sub System
HIRS subsystem Comprises of
 NCM (Network Control Module)
 NIM (Network Interface Module)
P
P
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
S
S
I I I I I I I I I C C I I I I I I I I I
M
M
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
B
B
Network Control Module
Major functions of NCM include:
1. Flow control in HIRS network.
2. Distribution of module software and
configuration information.
3. Fault detection, isolation, report and recovery in
HIRS network.
4. Operation and maintenance management on
the whole BSS system.
BSC Connection to BTS
 CDSU
( Channel / Data Service
Unit) Board is adopted to provide
the function of Abis Interface.
 It employs E1 mode for
transmission Interface.
CDSU Shelf Structure
P
S
M
B
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
A A C C P G T
S S P P A P C
M M M M M S M
T
M
G
P
S
T
M
P
S
M
B
CDSU Occupies slots 2~11 in first shelf
A Complete CDSU Shelf can also be employed
Back
BSC Connection to MSC
Selector
/ Vocoder Sub System
is responsible for connection
to MSC via A- Interface.
Selector / Vocoder Sub System



BTS
Codec for QCELP,EVRC and 64kb/s PCM
CDMA system power control functions
Signaling interface between MSC and BSC(SS7)
Wireless
Abis (QCELP,EVRC)
Wireless
CODEC
SVBS
64K PCM
MSC
Selector / Vocoder Sub System
•
One SVM can handle 15 channels
•
One SVBS sub-system can handle 120 channels
•
One SVBS rack can hold 10 SVBS sub-system
•
One BSC can support 6 SVBS racks
•
ESVICM can provide forward echo cancellation, and
can be configured to provide six IWF Circuits
Back
Selector / Vocoder Sub System
DIS
NIM
CO
SVICM
SVM
...
HW
MSC
E1
SVBS
SVM
SVM
BSC Connection to PDSN
Packet
Control Function Sub
System is responsible for
connection to PDSN via
A10/A11- Interface.
Packet Control Function Sub System
 Establish
PPP link between MS and PDSN
to enable packet data service transmission
 Configure and maintain A10 / A11 interfaces.
Packet Control Function Sub System
P
S
M
B
P
P P P P P P P P C
C C C C C C C C F
F F F F F F F F I
M
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
P
C P P P P P P P P
F C C C C C C C C
I F F F F F F F F
M
P
S
M
B
13
22
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
•One PCFS can carry 4000 PPP connection ( Active + Dormant)
•One PCFS can carry 240 Active PPP connection
•The maximum data throughput of each PCFS subsystem is
8Mbps.
•One BSC can support 10 PCFS.
Back
BSC Connection to another BSC
Interconnection
of BSC is used
to implement soft handoff
between BSC’s.
BSC Connection to another BSC
 ASM
Board is adopted to provide
the connection between BSC’s via
A3 / A7 interface .
 It employs E1 mode for
transmission Interface.
CDSU Shelf Structure
P
S
M
B
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
A A C C P G T
S S P P A P C
M M M M M S M
T
M
G
P
S
T
M
P
S
M
B
CDSU Occupies slots 12~13 in CDSU shelf
Back
Call Management Processes





CPM ( Call Processing Module) is used to provide the Call
Management Functions .
CPM implements call signaling processing and implement call
establishment and release). registration (location updating).
It supports handover judgment.
It also supports softer handover, soft handover, and hard
handover.
It establishes signaling links to BTS and MSC.
CDSU Shelf Structure
P
S
M
B
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
C
D
S
U
A A C C P G T
S S P P A P C
M M M M M S M
T
M
G
P
S
T
M
P
S
M
B
CDSU Occupies slots 14~15 in CDSU shelf
Back
Monitoring
 PAM
( Peripheral Alarm Module)
is employed to monitor all
secondary power boards, Rack fan
and environment.
 PAM is connected to CPM, and
these two modules together form
Call processing Sub System.
ZTE BSC /Backup Mechanism
Base Station Controller
Call
Processing
Subsystem
(1 + 1)
Packet
Control
Function
(N+1)
M=1~9
PDSN
High Speed
Interconnection
Router Subsystem (HIRS)
NIM: 2 * (8 + 1)
NCM: (1 + 1)
Timing
Subsystem
(1 + 1)
Selector &
Vocoder Bank
Subsystem
(N + 1)
N = 1 ~ 15
Channel Digital
Service Units
E1s
BTS
E1s
BTS
E1s
BTS
MSC
Highly Integrated Hardware System
BTS
•HIRS
Packet data switching
BTS
BDS
TFS
BTS
BTS
RFS
S-HIRS
•Network Control
Module(NCM)
Core module of HIRS
STM-1/E1
CDSU
CDSU
CDSU
CDSU
TO BSM
• Network Interface
Module (NIM)
Interface unit of
HIRS network
BSC
CPS
LAN
ATM
GATEWAY
Other BSC
B-HIRS
ATM
TS
SVBS
SVBS
SVPS
PCF
PCF
PCF
ATM Ethernet
E1
HLR/AUC
MSC/VLR
PDSN
ZX3G1X-BSC/PCF
 Maximum 256 links to HIRS , with
transmission capability 10 Mbps;
 Maximum 240 E1 links to MSC;
 Maximum 7,200 selector/vocoder;
 Maximum 5,040 Erl traffic process
ability;
 Maximum 67,200, 0.075 Erl/user,
voice service users support;
 BSC/PCF packet data service
ability: maximal support 2,400
active PPP links and 40,000
dominant PPP link
simultaneously(80 PCF configured).
BTS Architecture
BTS
RFS
BDS
TFS
PS
CDSU
Subsystems
CDSU
GPSTM
FDM
TCM
PPM
PSMB
PSMC
PSMD
SAM
RFIM
CCM
CHM
HPA
RFE
TRX
Modules/boards
BDS subsystem

CHM :modulate and demodulate the CDMA channels.

Calculation:







Traffic channel: according to the capacity and coverage requirement, check erl-B table.
Total channels = traffic channel + soft-handoff channels + control channels
It is classified by 4 different boards: CHM32/CHM64/CHM96/CHM128 .
CCM: the communication control module , controlling the
data/signaling routing, signaling processing, resource management
and maintenance of the whole BDS in the centralized mode.
CDSU: implements the Abis interface functions via E1. 1 CDSU
support 4 E1.
SAM: monitor the running status of the power modules and fans,
detect environmental signals and report these results via CCM to the
O&M console
RFIM: Forward/reverse transmission and processing of baseband
data, Transmission and processing of control signals
TFS subsystem
TFS is an important subsystem of the CDMA
system and provides the timing and frequency
references. The BDS and RFS subsystems depend
on it to provide the baseband and RF clock signals.
 TFS generates the synchronous timing reference
signal source and the frequency reference signal
source in the CDMA system. It receives signals
from the GPS satellite system, and distributes the
clock signals.
 For the network security of the CDMA system,
TFS can receive signals both from a GPS satellite
and from a GLONASS satellite.

1
2
TRX
3
4
5
RFS subsystem
TRX
TRX
F
D
M
GPSTM
6
7
8
9
10
T
C
M
GPSTM
TRX
TRX
TRX
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
HPA
HPA
HPA
BTM
HPA
HPA
HPA
1
2
3
4
5
6
RFE
RFE
RFE
RFE
RFE
RFE

The RFS hardware resides in three shelves, TRX, HPA and RFE,
implement the air interface functions,exchange radio signals.

TRX: Providing the interface to RFIM for transmitting and receiving
the baseband data and configuration, control, status and alarm
maintenance information.
Converts baseband digital signals into RF debugging signals double
way.
Implementing power control.








HPA: amplify the power of the forward Tx signals
from TRX, send them to RFE for filtering and
then to the antenna for transmission.
RFE-DUP: Implements the duplex function for
transmitting and receiving signals.
Filters the forward Tx signals.
Executes the wave-filtering and low-noise
amplification of the reverse signals received by
the antenna and outputs the signals to separate
circuits.
RFE-DIV: has the diversity receiving function
RFE-COM:Combines the signals transmitted by
two carriers of different power.
PS subsystem
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
PSMD
PPM
PPM
PPM
PPM
PPM
PSMC
PSMC
 supplies
power to the boards of
BTS. It also monitors itself and
will inform the background of any
fault if detected.
BTS hardware --S111/S222/S333/S444
5
name
Radio Frequency Interface Board
type
RFIM
S111
1
S222
2
S333
3
S444
4
6
Site Alarm Board
SAM
1
1
2
2
7
8
9
10
11
12
CCM
BTS-CDSU（2）
BTS-CDSU（4）
BBDS（2）
BBDS（4）
PSMB
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
4
2
2
2
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
4
Tx、Rx、CIQU、FS、RFCM
FDM
TCM
GPSTM
3
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
9
2
1
1
2
12
2
1
1
2
PPM
PSMC
PSMD
3
2
1
1
5
2
1
1
8
4
2
2
10
4
2
2
HPA
3
6
9
12
RFE-DUP
RFE-DIV
RFE-COM
3
3
0
1
6
0
0
1
6
0
3
2
6
0
6
2
27
Communication Control Board
Channel Data Service Unit(2E1)
Channel Data Service Unit(4E1)
BDS mother Board(2E1)
BDS mother Board(4E1)
Power Supply Module(B)
TRx
TRx Module
Frequency Distribution Board
Time Control Board
GPS Receiver
TRx Mother Board
PPM
Radio Power Board(+27V)
Power Module (+/- 12V)
Power Distribution Board
PPM Mother Board
HPA
High Power Amplifier
RFE
Radio Front End (Duplexer)
Radio Front End (Diversity)
Radio Front End(Combiner)
RFE Mother Board
Antenna Feeder System
Antenna,Feeder Cable
28
GPS Antenna,Feeder Cable
1
1
1
1
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Quotation is in another table
ZX3G1X- BTS
 2 carriers/3 sectors in single BTS rack, and
4 carriers/3 sectors in two BTS racks;
 Supporting flexible configuration and modular
expansion:
 1/2/3/4 carriers & 1/2/3 sectors;
 Maximum 12 CDMA2000 channel cards in single
BTS rack;
 128 forward CE & 64 reverse CE in single
CDMA2000 channel card;
 Interface links with BSC: 4 E1;
 Max Tx Power: 30W;
 Frequency range: 450MHZ,800MHz/1900MHz,
2100MHz.
Wide Area Coverage BTS
RX
L
N
A
L
N
A
RX
Amplifier
W BTS
Maximum Capacity:
4-Carrier 3-Sector
Max. Transmission power: 40W, Due to Amplifier 80 W
Receiver Sensitivity:
<-125 dBm
Coverage Distance
100~150 Km
ZX3G1X-Micro BTS
One micro BTS support single carrier omni-direction
Channel Unit
forward: 128 channels
reverse: 64 channels
RF power: 10W
Power supply : 220V AC
Power consumption: at most 150W
Dimensions: 800mm x 400mm x 250mm
(high×width×depth)
Repeaters
RF Output:37dBm/42dBm
Gain Range:65~95dB
Rev Input Level:-70dBm~-110dBm
Supply Voltage: 150-290VAC/-48VDC
Monitor Control Interface RS232C
Power Consumption: 220W
Dimension: 410X560X290mm(WxHxD)
ZXC10 Network Configuration (1)
A
MSC
Common
BTS
W-BTS
BSC
W-BTS
W-BTS
Repeaters
Micro BTS
ZXC10 Network Configuration (2)
Micro BTS
A
MSC
Common
BTS
BSC
Common
BTS
Common
BTS
Common
BTS
Remote RF
Common
BTS
Repeaters
ZXC10 Network Configuration (3)
Micro BTS
A
MSC
Remote RF
BSC
Micro BTS
Micro BTS
OMC-R System

Configuration management

Fault management

Performance management

Diagnosis management

Security management

remote maintenance control
Modularized Design
Support flexible configuration
and expansion:
1/2/3 sectors
1~4 carriers
High Rx Sensitivity
-127dBm, guarantee the good
receiving & coverage of BS.
Daisy Chain Link
Chain-Model networking
Suitable for one or more BTSs
Appropriate for zonal area with sparse population
BSC
E1
BTS
E1
BTS
E1
BTS
Qualcomm and ZTE Agreement
Qualcomm has signed an agreement of
CDMA20001xEV-DO infrastructure design
transfer
ZTE has showed CDMA 20001xEV-DO
system at 3G Congress
CDMA Handsets
Inventor of CDMA Sim Phone
ZXC10 Modular Structure
All key modules are with 1+1 redundant
MSC
Configuration to ensure reliability
BSC
BTS
SV-Rack
Packet Data Network
Network proposal for 10,000 subscribers
ZXC10-MSC/VLR
SS7
LE
ZXC10HLR/AUC
A
OMC
Abis
#1
ZX3G1X-BSC
#2
#3
#4
SN
ITEM
Unit
Qty
1
MSC/VLR
set
1
2
HLR/AUC
set
1
3
BSC
set
1
4
BTS
set
4
5
OMC
set
1
ZX3G1X-BTS
Notes: The actual location for equipment installation is confirmed
after site survey
Compatibility
BSS
DTT
MSS
NORTEL
MSS
LUCENT
MSS
ZXC10-BSS also has the compatibility with many kind
of mobile terminals, including ZTE 802,QCP 860,
Samsung, Motorola
AGENDA
Section I
Introduction of WLL
Section II
ZTE cdma2000 1X MSS
Section III
ZTE cdma2000 1X BSS
Section IV
Conclusion
ZTE CDMA Application
ZTE CDMA Networks in China
Hei
Meng
Xin
Zang
China Unicom Network Capacity
15 million lines. (Ph.1, 2001)
30 million lines. (ph 2, 2002)
ZTE CDMA Network
Launched by ZTE in Ph. 1
Launched by ZTE in Ph. 2
Liao
Ji
Jing
Ning
Qing
Jin Ji Jin
Gan Shan
Lu
Yu
Su
Chuan Yu E
Hu
Wan
Xiang
GanZhe
Qian
Min
Dian
Gui Yue
Taiwan
Gang
Ao
Qiong
Market Share of China Unicom (Phase I, Phase II)
Market share in Phase I
ZTE
7.55%
Luncent
27.40%
Ericsson
15.10%
Market share in Phase II
Samsung
Motorola
7.46%
Nortel
25.69%
16.80%
•87%
SMSC market shares
•45%
WIN market shares
Huawei
0.18%
Lucent
26.69%
ZTE
14.44%
Ericsson
9.74%
Samsung
3.49%
Nortel
18.59%
Motorola
26.87%
CDMA WLL Market in China
LG
Samsung
5.17%
0.42%
0.42% Motorola
93.99%
More than 1 million subs.
ZTE
ZTE CDMA Application
ZTE CDMA Networks in China (Cont’d)
Main Equipments:
phase 1: 1.2 million lines, 10 provinces.
phase 2: 3 million lines, 16 provinces.
Total:
4.2 million lines, 16 provinces. 20% market
share of China Unicom CDMA networks.
Other Equipments:
SMS:
87% market, 21 provinces.
WIN:
35% market, 11 provinces.
Repeater: 13% market, 13 provinces.
 Phase 3 is still on processing, it is expected
for ZTE to get a big market share.
ZTE CDMA Application
ZTE CDMA WLL System in ShenZhen
SMC
 Existing network:
 Configuration:
HLR/AC
PSTN
CHTF
MSC/VLR 2
MSC/VLR 1
BSC 1
BSC 2
BSC 3
2MSC+5BSC+370BTS
 Capacity: 500,000
 Subscribers: 350,000
 Services:Voice&Short
Message
 Expansion plan:
 About 80BTS
BSC 4
 Capacity: 100,000
Yantian Port
BTS
BTS
Central area
CDMA Network in Pakistan (TELECARD Ltd.)
BTS 1
Islamabad
MSC/VLR/SSP
ISB
BSC
PDSN
AAA Server
BTS 61
BTS 1
Faisalabad
MSC/VLR/SSP
VMS
FSD
BSC
BTS 31
BTS 1
SS7
WIN
Lahore
MSC/VLR/SSP
LHR
BSC
PDSN
AAA Server
BTS 54
BTS 1
SMSC
Multan
MSC/VLR/SSP
Karachi
MUL
BSC
BTS 28
C7 E1
Abis
TCPIP
Karachi
MSC/VLR/SSP
Karachi
BSC
PDSN
BTS 1
AAA Server
BTS 93
ZTE CDMA Commercial System
ZTE CDMA Worldwide Applications
Operator Name/Country
BSNL/India
Telecard/Pakistan
ETC/Vietnam
Tajikistan aluminum factory/Tajikistan
Tajikistan Telecom/Tajikistan
TMAIS/Brazil
Telecom Kenya Limited/Kenya
Intercellular/Nigeria
Algeria
SAUDI TELECOM
Egypt(NTI)
Kuwait MOC
Indosat
Russia KCC
Ukrain
Uzbekistan
Afghanistan MOC
Georgia Megacom
Frequency
Band
800M
1.9G
450M
1.9G
450M
1.9G
1.9G
800M
1.9G
450M
800M
800M
800M/1.9G
450M
800M
800M
800M
800M
WLL/Mobile
WLL
WLL
WLL
WLL
WLL
WLL
WLL
WLL
WLL
WLL
Mobile
WLL
WLL
Mobile
Mobile
Mobile
WLL
WLL
Subscribers
Capacity
500,000
126,000
10,000
2,000
1,000
4,000
500
20,000
110,000+120,000
1000
500
20,000
13,200
20,000
9,000
35 BTS
45,000
70,000
ZTE CDMA Application Worldwide
ZTE is the biggest CDMA manufacturer and
Equipment provider in China.
ZTE Service Map in Afghanistan MOC
Strengths











Interoperability:
Reference all over the world and inside
Pakistan:
Highly reliable and secure Operation and
Maintenance Center:
Far coverage solution:
Deep coverage solution:
GOTA (PTT):
GSM 1x:
Patents different technologies:
VHLR, VSMSC
Special back up BSC & MSC
Comparisons.
Strengths (Contd.)
 Interoperability:
ZTE Supports Open Architecture
and Standard Interfaces
IOS Interoperability
ZTE Base
Station
Subsystem
IOS 4.0
3rd Party
Network
Switch
Subsystem
ZTE BSS Complies with IOS 4.0 and Tested
with Third Party MSCs:
•
•
•
•
•
Nortel
Lucent
Shanghai Bell (Alcatel in China)
Datang (China)
Eastcom (china)
Validated and Certified by China Government
IOS Interoperability
ZTE NSS
IOS 4.0
3rd Party
BSS
ZTE NSS Complies with IOS 4.0 and Tested
with Third Party BSSs:
• Nortel
• Motorola
• Ericsson
Validated and Certified by China Government
Strengths (Contd.)
 ZTE
Customized Solutions:
A Customized Solution Provider
 ZTE
CDMA Solution is a totally
customized solution.
 Customer requirements are
fulfilled in a very short span of
time by fully equipped R&D
centers around the globe.

Provision of 16 KHz pulse in MSC for
TeleCard.
Strengths (Contd.)
 Virtual
HLR feature:
Flexible HLR Configurations
MSC
MSC1
HLR
1:1
1:N & logically 1:1
MSC2
HLR
1:N
MSC1
MSC2
MSC3
VHLR1
VHLR2
VHLR3
HLR
Max. N = 256
VHLR = Virtual HLR
Function of Virtual HLR
VHLR1
HLR
VHLR2
MSC1
MSC2
Area 1
6
1
5
2
Area 2
4
3
6
1
5
2
4
3
Strengths (Contd.)
 Special
back up feature:
ZTE BSC /Backup Mechanism
Base Station Controller
Call
Processing
Subsystem
(1 + 1)
Packet
Control
Function
M+1
M=1~9
PDSN
High Speed
Interconnection
Router Subsystem (HIRS)
NIM: 2 * (8 + 1)
NCM: (1 + 1)
Timing
Subsystem
(1 + 1)
Selector &
Vocoder Bank
Subsystem
(N + 1)
N = 1 ~ 15
Channel Digital
Service Units
E1s
BTS
E1s
BTS
E1s
BTS
MSC
ZTE MSC /Backup Mechanism
ASIG
DTEC
PSTN
DSNIS
Active/ Stand by
DSN
Active/ Stand by
DSNIC
Load Sharing
VOICE PATH
DSNIS
Active/ Stand by
DTI
BSC
COMM
Active/ Stand by
MESSAGE PATH
MP
Active/ Stand by
Strengths (Contd.)
 Push
To Talk
GoTa:
Strengths (Contd.)

GoTa－ZTE PTT Solution
Based on CDMA2000

Offers a new means of fast communication with one or
more individuals at the push of a PTT button on a
wireless handset

Permits a large number of users to share a relatively
small number of communication paths - or trunks

A half-duplex radio system to provide
 instant, effective and private communications
 large
coverage, more channel efficiency and
security
CPTT Network Components

PTT System consists of

CDMA2000 BTS, BSC (with Dispatch Client)

Dispatch Server (D-Server)

Dispatch Database(D-Database)
Strengths (Contd.)
 GSM
1x:
Strengths (Contd.)
GSM 1X:
 Technology Background:


Current situation of China Unicom
Operating two mobile networks simultaneously (GSM
& CDMA), difficult to focus efforts on both networks?
What’s the choice?

Subscriber’s Demand
GSM subscribers can not use the abundant data
services.

International Roaming / cooperation
CDMA operators must rely on GSM networks to
realize international roaming.
Strengths (Contd.)
Market requirements of GSM 1x

Upgrading GSM subscribers
–GSM native subscribers can use voice and the abundant data services of
CDMA network.
–GSM native subscribers can use CDMA network in the case of bad coverage
of GSM network
–Via the roaming mode in these two networks,GSM native subscribers can
complete international roaming to countries where CDMA network is
available.

Upgrading CDMA subscribers
Via
the roaming mode in these two networks, CDMA native subscribers can complete
international roaming to countries where GSM network is available.
Significance about GGG

For operators



Full use of resources of the two networks; save
investment
Reinforce services function for each other and improve
satisfaction of subscribers.
For subscribers


Native subscriber from same operator can use all of the
services provided by the two networks even if he doesn’t
change his telephone number.
Native subscriber from different operators can use all of
the services provided by the two networks even if he
doesn’t take two different handsets.
IIF Network Reference Model
Strengths (Contd.)
 Patent
technologies
ZTE Setting Industry Standards

Member of standard setting organizations: CWTS & 3GPP2

Standards that have been set:

China 800MHz CDMA base station testing standard

China 800MHz MAP testing standard

China 800MHz CDMA intelligent network system interface
standard and testing standard

China 800MHz CDMA SMS system standard and testing
standard
ZTE’s Patents On CDMA
Load Sharing Algorithm
Channel Sharing
Software Auto-generation
Multi-path Search
Long-range coverage
Power Control
Smooth Migration
Handoff Control
Over 50 Key Patents
Auto Network Optimization
Dual-mode clock
Selective Delivery
Call Control
Real-time grouping
Clock protection
R-UIM Based Handset
SM Interworking
Strengths (Contd.)
ZTE deep coverage solution
Traits of “deep coverage”

It’s important to solve the covering problem in
blind area of big buildings and high buildings,
pilot pollution area, metro and tunnel area,
hotspot area,etc.

If operator has GSM and CDMA network,
indoor multi-spectrums coverage deserves
special considerations.

deep covering area is often thirsty to data
service, data coverage deserves considering.

Hotspot area sometimes needs to balance voice
traffic.
ZTE’s solution
Select different products according to
different area requirements.

Micro BTS

BTS+ remote RF

Micro BTS+ remote RF

Micro BTS/repeater+ indoor
coverage system
Traits of wide coverage area






Fewer subscribers, lower traffic
Mobile speed of handset is low
Cell radius is big
Voice is primary, data is secondary
BTSs spread widely, operation and maintenance
are difficult
Long-time to earn investment back
ZTE’s solution
Select different products in terms of different areas.

BTS+remote RF

Micro BTS+remote RF

Micro BTS(ZXCBTS-M800)

Super-far cover micro BTS(ZXCBTS-M804)
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION