Franz Joseph Haydn
March 31, 1732 – May 31, 1809
“The Father of Symphony”
Life
Franz Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrau, Austria. Though his parents could not read music, his
family was very musical and sung often. When he was 6, his parents knew he had a musical gift and
sent him to live 7 miles away in Hainburg with Johann Frankh. Life was harder in the Frankh
household. Hunger and teasing often bothered Haydn. When he matured, he lost his singing voice.
He had pulled a few pranks though and was kicked out of his residence.
Haydn was taken in by Johann Spangler. During his time with Spangler, he acquired many jobs. He
would study the works of composers such as C.P.E Bach, who he said was one of his influences to
compose. People began to notice Haydn’s new compositions and he was hired by Count Morzin, thus
starting his first full time job as the Kapellmeister, leading and composing music for the smaller
orchesta. In 1760 he married Maria Keller, but their unhappy marriage split them apart.
Morzin soon had financial difficulty and had to drop Haydn, but he was picked up by the Esterházy family, and was made
Vice Kapellmeister. When the full Kapellmeister, Gregor Werner died, Haydn was appointed to the position, where he
worked for 30 years, writing tons of compositions. Though he longed to visit people he had befriended before in Vienna.
He wrote to them a lot, mostly Anne Genzinger, whose death at the young age of 43 was a large blow to him, and it is
said that one of his compositions was a response to her death.
Haydn also knew Mozart, who wrote six quartets called the “Haydn” quartets. He also knew
Beethoven, but their relationship was rather tense at times. In 1795 he moved back to
Vienna, where he wrote his final compositions before he became ill in 1802. He died of his
illness in 1805 and at his funeral, Mozart’s Requiem was played. Haydn went down as one
of the most famous composers of all time.
Compositions
Haydn was famous for many of his pieces, such as:
The Seasons
His 104 Symphonies
His 14 Operas
His 70+ String Quartets
Many more compositions
Minuet and Trio from Symphony No. 45 in F-sharp Minor
Date of composition: 1772
Orchestration: 2 oboes, 2 horns, violins I and II, viola, cello, double bass
Tempo: Allegretto (“Moderately fast”)
Meter: 3/4
Key of movement: F# major
Duration: 4:53
0:00 The first section of the minuet, in F# major. Graceful dancelike
character; full of contrasts; syncopation. Ends with quiet linking
passage on violins alone.
0:14 Repeat of first section of the minuet.
0:30 The second section of the minuet, longer than the first. Dominant
key (C# major). Short loud passage,
longer quiet syncopated passage on strings alone. Then a crescendo into
a restatement of the first section
of the minuet (0:49).
1:05 Repeat of entire second section, including its restatement.
1:41 First section of trio. Rising phrase for horns, graceful answering
phrase for violins.
1:56 Repeat.
2:11 Second section of trio, longer than the first. Back to tonic key (F# Major).
Divided into three parts:
beginning, with descending phrases in horns;
2:21 oboes replace the horns, sudden shift to F# minor;
2:33 shortened restatement of the first section of the trio.
2:40 Repeat of entire second section of trio, including its restatement.
[The entire minuet is repeated exactly.]
3:10 First section.
3:24 Repeat of first section.
3:39 Second section, including restatement of first section.
4:14 Repeat of second section with restatement of first section.
References
http://www.8notes.com/biographies/haydn.asp
http://www.classicalarchives.com/work/12976.html
http://inmozartsfootsteps.com/513/haydn-symphony-no-45-farewell/
http://www.naxos.com/person/Franz_Joseph_Haydn/24410.htm
http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/classicalcomposers/p/haydnprofile.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_Quartets,_Op._33_(Haydn)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._45_(Haydn)
http://www.biography.com/people/franz-joseph-haydn-9332156