3-D Scanning for Corridor Mapping
& Right of Way Usage
Presented by:
Martin R. Stoughton, PLS
910-520-1655
mstoughton@mckimcreed.com
Quick Outline
Early Data Collection Techniques- How we got here
Timeline of LiDAR Technology
Terminology of LiDAR Technology
Mobile Mapping and AirBorne LiDAR Systems
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Limitations of Mobile Mapping
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Advantages of Mobile Mapping
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Sample Right of Way Project
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Other LiDAR Applications
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Data Extraction and Software Applications
Ancient Past- The Groma
Roman line of sight surveying
instrument for straight roads or right
angle construction
Distant Past
Lewis & Clark Expedition
Compass and Chain
surveys
Mid 19th Century
Railroads Mapped with
Transits and Levels
Early Photogrammetry
Professor Thaddeus Lowe ascending in
the Intrepid to observe the Battle of Fair
Oaks
Earliest known Aerial Photo: 1860
Downtown Boston
Timeline of Technology
1904: “Telemobiloscope” (first form of RADAR sensor) developed by Christian Huelsmeyer.
1917: Albert Einstein first theorized about the process that makes lasers possible.
1960: Operable laser invented by Theodore Maiman.
1960: The first navigation satellite TRANSIT IB is launched for use by the U.S. Navy to accurately locate
ballistic missile submarines and ships.
1969: Scientist measure the distance between the earth and moon.
1978: The first GPS Block I satellite is launched. Block I comprised of 10 developmental satellites launched
from 1978 through 1989.
1983: President Ronald Reagan declassifies NAVSTAR; GPS becomes available to civilians.
1990: NAVSTAR GPS becomes operational.
1990s: LiDAR sensors capable of up to 25,000 pulses per second commercially available.
Terminology
LiDAR
Light Detection And Ranging
MTLS
Mobile Terrestrial Laser Scanning
MMS
Mobile Mapping System
3dLS
3d Laser Scanning
LAS
LiDAR native file format
Point Cloud
All XYZ points captured with LiDAR sensor
Classified Point Cloud
Point Cloud classified, typically includes (at minimum) Ground and Other
Intensity
Strength of reflectivity of returning pulse, recorded as a numerical value
and converted to 8-bit image
Mobile LiDAR Platforms
Mobile Mapping System
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•
•
LiDAR Sensors
GPS Antenna
IMU
DMI
•
•
2 GPS units
Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)
Distance Measurement Instrument
(DMI)
2 Digital Cameras
2 LiDAR Scanners
• Each collecting 200,000
points per second
• Mounted to collect all data
in a single pass
• 360 degree field of view
Aerial LiDAR Platforms
Onboard GPS
Inertial Measurement Unit
Lidar Sensor
•Intensity
•Multiple Return
Ground based GPS
Reigl 680i
LiDAR
Gimbal Video
Short Wave Infrared (SWIR)
TASE 150
Conductor from 524 ft away
TASE stabilized camera gimbals are designed to support the aerial oil/gas
pipeline and electrical transmission and distribution inspection mission.
Pipeline and power line owners rely on airborne imaging to identify and
document issues along their property right-of-way.
Using high-quality daylight and thermal imagery, TASE gimbals provide a
reliable asset for airborne inspection of pipeline & power lines for early
detection of failure points, right-of-way monitoring, vegetation management,
supplementing LiDAR operations, storm response and recovery, as well as
pipeline leaks or oil spills.
Limitations of Mobile Scanning
•
•
•
Line-of-Sight
• Traffic
• Topography
Weather Considerations
• Rain
• Fog
• Standing Water
Sky-line Visibility
•
•
Urban Canyons
Steep Terrain
Advantages of Mobile Scanning
• Safety
• Schedule
• Survey Grade Accuracy
• Data extracted with calibrated photos
• Cost Effective because more efficient data collection
equates to cost saving
• “Scan in the Can” lends to future data extraction
without further field visits
• Video & Imagery
• Deliverables in standard formats
Data Collection Field to Finish
3 Phases
Phase 1 – Field Collection and Initial Processing
Phase 2 – Post Process to Project Datum
Phase 3 – Extraction and Mapping
Software Programs
Phase 1 – Field Collection
Phase 2 – Post Processing
PosView
Microstation
Lynx Survey
TerraScan
PosPac
TerraMatch
DashMap
TerraPhoto
DiskExtract
CorpsCon 6.0
ImageExtract
UltraEdit
QT Modeler
Phase 3 – Extraction/Mapping
Decode32
Cyclone
LynxView
TopoDOT
PhotoLapse 3
Virtual Geomatics
GPS Software
TerraSolid
ESRI
Project Workflow
Raw Data to LAS Files
Raw Data
(20 GB)
Initial Process to UTM
Coordinate
(Source Files)
Tiles – Raw
Tiles – Raw
In State
Plane Grid
In Local
Project Datum
Phase I
Known Tie Line
Corrections
Phase II
Ground Scan-to-Scan
Corrections
Final
LAS Files
Purpose of Project
Provide on-site positional references of the corridor boundary for future railroad engineering and planning.
Encourage use of edge of corridor monumentation for safety reasons, in lieu of track centerline.
To establish permanent railroad corridor monumentation, thereby reducing track shift errors associated with future
improvements.
Railroad Corridor
Extracting Centerline Data
Extracting Centerline Data
Extracting Centerline Data
ROW Encroachments
ROW Monumentation
Mobile Scanning – Rail Corridors
Sample Applications
Survey Grade Accuracy
Engineering topographic surveys
As-built surveys
Structures and bridge clearance surveys
Deformation surveys
Forensic surveys
Mapping Grade Accuracy
Corridor study and planning surveys
Asset inventory and management
Environmental Surveys
Sight distance analysis
Earthwork Surveys
Urban mapping
Coastal zone erosion analysis
Utility Location
Asset Inventory
Roadways
Beach Projects
Bridges
Railroads
Software Application to Simulate Flood
Data Extraction
GIS Application
Data Extraction
Roadway Application
Data Extraction
Sign Inventory
Data Extraction
Sign Inventory
Data Extraction
Utility Inventory
3D Scanning (As-built Surveys)
Example CAD Deliverables
Questions & Answers