Dean Djokic, Esri
CURRENT ARC HYDRO FUNCTIONALITY
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
What is Arc Hydro?

Extension of geodatabase model for support of
water resources applications (template data
model)
 Originally
just vector, but now raster as well

Culmination of a three year process (1999-2002)
led by D.R. Maidment through GIS in Water
Resources Consortium (Arc Hydro book)

Collection of generic tools for support of Arc
Hydro geodatabase design and basic water
resources functions

Starting point for water resources database and
application development
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
What Arc Hydro is Not!

Data set (e.g. NHD, NHDPlus, HydroSheds,
AusHydro, … )
 BUT

you can use these data in Arc Hydro
Solution to a particular “program” problem (e.g.
water allocation model, specific H&H modeling
pre-/post-processing)
 BUT
you can use Arc Hydro tools to support those
programs
 E.g. water use analysis – Arc Hydro provides connectivity
(surface and “structural”) and core time series data, and the
computation is done in a “numerical engine”.
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Arc Hydro Data Model
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Basic Concepts

Define core feature classes for water resources
analyses

Establish relationships between core feature
classes

Use geometric network for tying pieces together

Mobilization of standard ArcGIS functionality

Custom tools for some of the attribute management

Custom tools for advanced “water resources”
functionality
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Drainage System Representations
Basins – drainage areas for water
resources management
Watersheds – subdivision of land
surface for a particular hydrologic
purpose
Catchments – subdivision of
land surface into elementary
drainage areas by physical rules
Digital Elevation Model –
land surface terrain grid cells
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Watersheds of the Guadalupe Basin
Guadalupe
HydroNetwork
TNRCC water
availability points
(water supply)
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
NWS forecast
Watersheds
(flooding)
EPA TMDL
Segments
(water quality)
Arc Hydro
Extending Arc Hydro
Data Model
Extending Arc Hydro Data Model
More application
specific “stuff”
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
GeoRAS Data Model Concept
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Arc Hydro Channel Data Model
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
GeoRAS Data Model

2D Cross-sections (cut line)
 Most

3D Cross-sections (surface line)
 Just

of the attributes associated with cut lines
for 3D representation
A number of “profile” lines
 Stream
centerline
 Banks
 Flowpath

lines
A number of tables
 Manning’s
N
 Node
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
GeoRAS Data Model

Arc Hydro inheritance
 HydroID
 Use
of HydroID for relations between the 2D cross-section
representation and its derivatives (XS2DID)

Departure from Arc Hydro
feature classes – both of flowline (levees, side
weirs, …) and hydrography (land use, ineffective flow areas,
…) types
 Additional
 TIN
or GRID for surface definition
 Additional
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
fields
Arc Hydro
GeoRAS Data Model - Schema
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Arc Hydro Tools Overview

Arc Hydro tools – selected topics
 Key
concepts
 Global
 Tools
delineation – scaling issues
overview
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Arc Hydro Tools
Key Concepts
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Key Concepts

Transitions between the raster and vector worlds –
integrated operations

“Relationships between objects linked by tracing
path of water movement”
Raster
Extended Network
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Vector
Network
Logical Schema
Arc Hydro
Terrain Processing
• Start with the terrain
model
• Identify drainage
patterns
• Identify catchments
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Network Generation
• Start with the drainage
pattern
• Define hydro edges
from drainage lines
• Generate junctions at
confluences
• Build the geometric
network
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Connecting Catchments to Junctions
• Start with the catchments
• Identify drainage
points
• Link drainage points
to junctions
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Extended (Hydrologic) Network
• Combination of hydro
network and drainage
areas connected through
junctions.
• Allows tracing through
network and selection
on drainage areas
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Node-Link Schematization
(1)
• Start with the catchments
• Find centroids
• Continue with drainage
lines
• Find confluences
• Connect nodes
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Node-Link Schematization
(2)
• Transition from geo
representation to logical
representation
• Support for various
modeling efforts
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Global Delineation
(1)

Deal with scalability issues related to DEM size
(large areas/high resolution)

Approach
 Combine
raster analysis on individual areas (any size)
that are manageable from DEM point of view, and
network analysis between the individual areas

Example – 10 HUC8 cataloging units
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Global Delineation
(2)

Start with well defined database
design structure

Apply it independently to all DEM
processing units
 HydroID
does not have to be unique
across GDBs
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Global Delineation

(3)
Construct the extended
network

Some work involved for
HUC 8 processing units
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Global Delineation
(4)
• Define the point
• Delineate local watershed
• Trace upstream
• Identify contributing
catchements
• Merge shapes and store
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Global Delineation

Currently area and few topographic
characteristics are computed – other
parameters of interest are being added
 Aggregation

(5)
types – additive, min, max, special
Potentially interesting issues
 Geometry
 Speed
size and complexity
in aggregation (preprocessing option)
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Arc Hydro Tools Overview
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Arc Hydro Tools Overview

A set of tools that “exercises” the Arc Hydro model



(1)
Integral with standard ArcGIS functionality
Key field (property) management.

HydroID & related IDs

Length/Area measures
Core functions

DEM-based watershed delineation

Network generation

Attribute and network tracing and summary operations
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Arc Hydro Tools Overview

(2)
Distribution (version 1.3, 1.4, 2.0 beta)

A toolbar with packaged menus and buttons

A toolbox with selected functions

Supporting documentation/help

ArcGIS 8.3 and ArcGIS 9/9.1/9.2/9.3 versions, 2.0 version
for ArcGIS 10
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Walk-through

Global delineation (accumulation of
characteristics as well)

Local delineation

Trace on the network using standard network
tracing techniques

Trace using NextDownID

Accumulate

Schematization
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Many Aspects of Arc Hydro
Database design
Marketing
Tools
Application
“Standard”
Development environment
Saxe, John Godfrey, 1963, “The Blind Man and the
elephant”, New York: Whittlesley House
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Elephant illustration ©2002 Jason Hunt
www.naturalchild.org/jason
Arc Hydro
Applying Arc Hydro

Extension of Arc Hydro data model for support of
water resources applications

Addition of features and feature classes

Addition of functionality (tools)

Various entities
 ESRI
 CRWR
 Other
(SFWMD, SARA, WAM, …)
(USGS, OMNR CA, SJRWMD, PBS&J, …)
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Applying Arc Hydro
Highlighted implementation
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Arc Hydro Customization at SWFWMD (1)

District Function
 Water
supply
 Flood
protection
 Water
quality
 Natural
systems
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Arc Hydro Customization at SWFWMD (2)

Arc Hydro data model extension
 GWIS
(Geographic Watershed Information System)
 Modeling

support (ICPR)
Deranged terrain processing
 Management


of pitted terrains
Structures
 Hydraulic
element points
 Hydraulic
subelements
Tools
 Arc
Hydro geodatabase import
 Geoprocessing
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Pitted Terrain Analysis
Prescreen & Evaluate Sinks - Select Based on User Thresholds
Delineate Catchments Draining into Selected Sinks (where “IsSink” = 1)
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Surface Connectivity
Drainage Points within Catchments
HydroJunctions
(Low Point of Basin or
Low Point of Boundary)
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
HydroEdges
(Boundary Link Flowlines)
Arc Hydro
Field Acquisition of Hydraulic Features
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Hydraulic Element Points
Same HydroCode assigned to Hydrojunction & Subelements (i.e. 302125_003)
HydroJunction
TR = Top of Road
UIC = Upstream Invert of Culvert,
GR = Natural Ground
ERM = Elevation Reference Mark
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Hierarchy of Hydraulic Features
HydroJunction / HydroEdge
Sub Elements
Hydraulic Element Points
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
General Location & Type
Hydraulic Structure Information Tables
Specific Location (X, Y) & Elevation (Z)
Arc Hydro
ID Assignment at Culvert Location
HydraulicElementPoint
HydraulicElementPoint
PointType = UIC
PointType = UIC
JunctionID = 7
JunctionID = 7
SubElementID = 117
SubElementID = 118
HydroJunction
HydroID = 117
JunctionID = 7
HydroID = 118
SubElement: Pipe_Barrel
HydroID = 117
HydroID = 7
SubElement: Pipe_Barrel
HydroID = 118
JunctionID = 7
HydraulicElementPoint
HydraulicElementPoint
PointType = DIC
PointType = DIC
JunctionID = 7
JunctionID = 7
SubElementID = 117
SubElementID = 118
• Each Culvert (Barrel) is a Subelement with a Unique HydroID (117, 118)
• The HydroJunction represents the general location of the SubElements
• The SubElements are related to the HydroJunction through the JunctionID
• The SubElements are made up of HydraulicElementPoints (UIC, DIC, etc.)
• HydraulicElementPoints are related to the SubElements through the SubElementID
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Coded value domain
Sub Element Tables
dSUBELEMENTTYPE
Description
Field type String
Split policy Default value
Merge policy Default value
Table
CHANNEL
Field name
Code
Allow
Data type nulls
Default value
Domain
Precision Scale Length
BRID
BAR
PIPE
CHAN
GATE
Description
BRIDGE
BARREL
PIPE
CHANNEL
GATE
WEIR PrecDomain
ision Scale Length
CROSS SECTION
OBJECTID
Object ID
HYDROID
Long integer Yes
10
Table
HYDROCODE_DESC
String
Yes
30
Table
BRIDGE_DECK
HYDROEDGE_ID
Long integer Yes
10
ORIFICE
CHANNEL_LENGTH_MS
Double
Yes
16
4
Allow
WEIR
Allow Yes
Prec- 10
Field name
Data type nulls
Default value
UPSTREAM_CROSSSECTION_ID Long integer
XSECT
Field name
Data type nulls
Default value
Domain
ision Scale Length
DOWNSTREAM_CROSSSECTION_ID Long integer Yes
OBJECTID
Object ID
10
ORIF
ORIFICE
OBJECTID
Object ID
UPSTREAM_SHAPE_DESC
HYDROID
Long integer Yes
10
String
Yes
dCSHAPE
10
HYDROID
Long
integer
Yes
10
PUMP
PUMP
Table
DOWNSTREAM_SHAPE_DESC
HYDROCODE_DESC
String
Yes
30
String
Yes
dCSHAPE
10
HYDROCODE_DESC
StringDoubleYes Yes
BRIDGE_OPENING
UPSTREAM_INVERT_ELEVATION_MS
JUNCTIONID
Long integer Yes
10
16
430
JUNCTIONID
Long
integer
Yes
10
Table
DOWNSTREAM_INVERT_ELEVATION_MS
dCOMFLOWDIRECTIONS
StringAllowYes
5
Double
Yes
16
4 FLOW_DIRECTION_DESC
PrecORIFICE_DIAMETER_MS
Double
16 164
PIPE_BARREL
Field name
Data type
Domain
ision Scale Length 5
ROAD_SURFACE_MATERIAL_DESC
UPSTREAM_TOPCLIP_REFELEV_MS
StringnullsYes Default value
dROADSURFACE
DoubleYes Yes
4
ORIFICE_HEIGHT_MS
Double
Yes Yes
16 164
DOWNSTREAM_TOPCLIP_REFELEV_MS
Yes
16
4
Double
4 ROAD_EMBANK_TOPWIDTH_MS
OBJECTID
ObjectDouble
ID
Allow
PrecORIFICE_WIDTH_MS
Double
16 16
4
Field
name
Data type
nullsYes Yes
Default value
Domain
ision Scale
Length
UPSTREAM_MANNINGSN_VAL
Double Yes Yes
4
Double
4 ROAD_UNSUB_WEIRQCOEF_VAL
HYDROID
Long integer
10 16
ORIFICE_SHAPE_DESC
String
Yes
dORIFICESHAPE
5
DOWNSTREAM_MANNINGSN_VAL
SUBELEMENT_INDEX_CNTString
Long integer
10
Yes
16
4 HYDROCODE_DESC
Yes Yes
30
OBJECTID
Object ID Double
Table
ORIFICE_ORIENTATION_DESC
dORIFICEORIENTATION
String
Yes
10
UPSTREAM_TOPCLIP_MS
Yes
16
4 BRIDGEDECK_ID
Long integer Yes
10
HYDROID
Long integerDouble
Yes
10
WEIR
SUBELEMENT_INDEX_CNT Long integer Yes
10
DOWNSTREAM_TOPCLIP_MS
dBRIDGEOPENINGTYPE
Yes
16 30 4OPENING_TYPE_DESC
String
Yes
10
HYDROCODE_DESC
String Double
Yes
Allow Yes
Prec- 10
UPSTREAM_BOTTOMCLIP_MS
UPSTREAM_CROSSSECTION_ID
Yes
16
4
Long integer
JUNCTIONID
Long integerDouble
Yes
10
Field
name
Data
type
nulls
Default
value
Domain
ision
Scale
Length
DOWNSTREAM_BOTTOMCLIP_MS
Yes
16
4INVERT_ADJUSTMENT_NBR
Double
Yes
16
4
HYDROEDGE_ID
Long integerDouble
Yes
10
Object ID
UPSTREAM_TOPWIDTH_MS
UPSTREAM_SHAPE_DESC
Yes
16 10 OPENING_STATION_NBR
4 OBJECTID
Double
Yes
16
4
String Double
Yes
dPSHAPE
Long integer
Yes Yes
10
UPSTREAM_LEFTSIDE_SLOPE_MS
UPSTREAM_INVERT_ELEVATION_MS
OPENING_SKEW_ANGLE_MS
Yes
4 HYDROID
Double
16
4
Double Double
Yes
16
4 16
StringDouble
Yes Yes
UPSTREAM_RIGHTSIDE_SLOPE_MS
DOWNSTREAM_SHAPE_DESC
16
430
Yes
16 HYDROCODE_DESC
String Double
Yes
dPSHAPE
10 4OPENING_EXPANSION_COEF_VAL
JUNCTIONID
Long
integer
Yes
10
OPENING_CONTRACTION_COEF_VAL
UPSTREAM_BOTTOM_WIDTH_MS
DOWNSTREAM_INVERT_ELEVATION_MS
Double
Yes
16
4
Yes
4
Double Double
Yes
16
4 16
Long integer
Yes Yes
10
DOWNSTREAM_TOP_WIDTH_MS
OPENING_TOTAL_WIDTH_MS
UPSTREAM_RISE_MS
Double
16
4
Yes
4
Double Double
Yes
16
4 16 WEIR_COUNT_CNT
Yes Yes
dWEIRSHP
DOWNSTREAM_LEFTSIDE_SLOPE_VAL
DOWNSTREAM_RISE_MS
16
410
Yes
4ORIFICE_DISCHARGE_COEF_VALStringDouble
Double Double
Yes
16
4 16 WEIR_SHAPE_DESC
StringDouble
Yes Yes
dWEIRTYPE
DOWNSTREAM_RIGHTSIDE_SLOPE_VAL
UPSTREAM_SPAN_MS
16
45
Yes
4EMBANK_SIDESLOPE_MS
Double Double
Yes
16
4 16 WEIR_TYPE_DESC
dCOMFLOWDIRECTIONS
StringDouble
Yes Yes
DOWNSTREAM_BOTTOM_WIDTH_MS
DOWNSTREAM_SPAN_MS
EMBANK_ELEVATION_MS
16
45
Yes
4
Double Double
Yes
16
4 16 WEIR_FLOW_DESC
DoubleDouble
Yes Yes
16
UPSTREAM_MANNINGSN_VAL
164
4
OVERBANK_DEPTH_MS
Yes
4WINGWALL_ANGLE_MS
Double Double
Yes
16
4 16 WEIR_SPAN_MS
WEIR_RISE_MS
DoubleDouble
Yes Yes
16
DOWNSTREAM_MANNINGSN_VAL
164
4
VELOCITY_COEF_VAL
Yes
4WINGWALL_WIDTH_MS
Double Double
Yes
16
4 16
WEIR_INVERT_ELEVATION_MS
DoubleDouble
Yes Yes
16
UPSTREAM_TOPCLIP_MS
ROUNDING_RADIUS_MS
164
4
ENTRANCE_LOSS_VAL
Yes
4
Double Double
Yes
16
4 16
CONTROL_ELEVATION_MS
Double
Yes
16
4
DOWNSTREAM_TOPCLIP_MS
Double
Yes
16
4
EXIT_LOSS_VAL
Yes
4 LOW_CHORD_MS
Double Double
Yes
16
4 16
Double
Yes Yes
16
UPSTREAM_BOTTOMCLIP_MS
SUBELEMENT_INDEX_CNT
Long integer
104
MATERIAL_TYPE_DESC
Yes
dPMATERIAL
3
Double String
Yes
16
4 WEIR_BOTTOMCLIP_MS
WEIR_TOPCLIP_MS
Double
Yes
16
4
DOWNSTREAM_BOTTOMCLIP_MS
dCOMFLOWDIRECTIONS
FLOW_DIRECTION_DESC
Yes
5
Double String
Yes
16
4
WEIR_DISCHARGE_COEF_VAL
Double
Yes
16
4
PIPE_BARREL_LENGTH_MS
CONTRACTION_COEF_VAL
Yes
4
Double Double
Yes
16
4 16
ORIFICE_DISCHARGE_COEF_VAL
Double
Yes
16
4
EXPANSION_COEF_VAL
Yes
4
ENTRANCE_LOSS_VAL
Double Double
Yes
16
4 16
Double
Yes
16
4
UPSTREAM_CROSSSECTION_A1_ID
integer Yes
EXIT_LOSS_VAL
DoubleLongYes
16
4 10WEIR_TOPLENGTH_MS
String
Yes
2
UPSTREAM_CROSSSECTION_A2_ID
integer Yes
BEND_LOSS_VAL
DoubleLongYes
16
4 10 TIME_VARIABLE_FLG
String
Yes
dPMATERIAL
3
DOWNSTREAM_CROSSSECTION_A1_ID
integer Yes
VELOCITY_HEAD_VAL
DoubleLongYes
16
4 10MATERIAL_TYPE_DESC
CORRESPONDING_DEPTH_MS
Double
Yes
16
4
DOWNSTREAM_CROSSSECTION_A2_ID
NUMBER_ELEMENTS_CNT
LongYes
integer Yes
10
Long integer
10
STRUCTURE_OPENING_NBR Long integer Yes
10
JUNCTIONID DoubleLongYes
integer Yes
LOW_POINT_MS
16
4 10
Long integer Yes
10
SUBELEMENT_INDEX_CNT
UPSTREAM_CONTROL_TXT
integer Yes
10 CROSSSECTION_ID
String LongYes
20
LEFTSIDE_SLOPE_VAL
Double
Yes
16
4
MATERIAL_TYPE_DESC
String
Yes
dPMATERIAL
5
RIGHTSIDE_SLOPE_VAL
Double
Yes
16
4
dCOMFLOWDIRECTIONS
FLOW_DIRECTION_DESC
String
Yes
5
WEIR_BOTTOM_WIDTH_MS
Double
Yes
16
4
UPSTREAM_INLET_DESC
String
Yes
dINLETDESC
5
WEIR_ORIENTATION_DESC
String
Yes
dWEIRORIENTATION
255
DOWNSTREAM_INLET_DESC
String
Yes
dINLETDESC
5
SUBELEMENT_INDEX_CNT Long integer Yes
10
SUBELEMENT_INDEX_CNT Long integer Yes
10
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Connect HydroJunction tool
Hydraulic Element Points identify a culvert location
User manually places HydroJunction
Tool connects HydroJunction
(and snaps it to Drainage Boundary)
(and creates Structure Link)
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Applying Arc Hydro
Various implementations
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
River Hydraulics in ArcGIS 9 (HEC-GeoRAS)

Work with HEC on developing GeoRAS solution
for ArcGIS platform.

Fully support RAS 4.0 spatial functionality

New (improved) UI

Additional spatial data input
 Levees, ineffective flow areas, …
 Terrain definition by TIN and GRID
 Multi-TIN/GRID terrain representation

XML data I/O

Released as HEC “product”

Extension of Arc Hydro data model
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
River Hydrology (HEC-GeoHMS)

Work with HEC on developing GeoHMS solution
for ArcGIS platform.

Fully support GeoHMS 1.1 functionality

New (improved) UI

Additional characteristics

XML data I/O

Will be released as HEC “product”

Extension of Arc Hydro data model

Status

Beta completed

In works: HMS 3 support (ModClark)
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Map2Map (rainfall to floodplain)
Flood map
as output
FLO
ODP
LAIN
MAP
Model for
flood flow
HMS
Model
for flood
Nexrad rainfall map as input
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
depth
Arc Hydro
StreamStats (USGS)

Implementation of USGS regression equations for
flow computations at ungaged locations

Web based application (and desktop)

Status – many States completed, work on several
others in progress

Additional work contracted

Full implementation in Arc Hydro – all new GIS
functionality is rolled-into Arc Hydro

ArcGIS Server implementation
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
So.Cal Fires Debris Flow Predictions

Implement USGS debris flow prediction model
within ArcGIS environment
 Peak
flow
 Probability
 Custom

of occurrence
regression calculator
Built on top of Arc Hydro and StreamStats
functionality for watershed delineation and
characterization
 Generalization
 Export

of characteristics extraction
to Excel
New functionality rolled-into Arc Hydro
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
So.Cal Fires Debris Flow Predictions
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro
Discussion
Copyright © 2010 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Arc Hydro