Side Events: Disaster Risk Reduction: Government to Governance Professional Management and Integrated Governance Peijun Shi , Ming Wang ,Jing'ai Wang , 1,2,3 1,3 1.4 Qian Ye1,3 ,Saini Yang1,3, Yanli Lv1,3 1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University; 2.Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University; 3.Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University; 4. School of Geography, Beijing Normal University Beijing Normal University ,Beijing, China spj@bnu.edu.cn Contents Complexity of Disaster System Integrated Disaster Risk Governance Contents Complexity of Disaster System Integrated Disaster Risk Governance 2005 U.S. Hurricane Katrina (1300 death) 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake tsunami (275,000 dead) Japan's earthquake and tsunami disaster in 2011 (15,000 deaths) Myanmar typhoon disaster in 2008 (70,000 deaths) Response to environmental risks caused global changes is the major issue facing the sustainable development. Examples of major disasters related to climate (precipitation and temperature) Mississippi River floods in the United States in 2011 Hurricane Katrina disaster in the United States in 2005 Drought disasters in south China in 2011 Snow and ice storms in south China in 2008 Disaster System (DS) H E Ds E • Environments (E) • Hazards (H) • Socio-economic system (S) S (P. Shi, 1991) DS=E∩H∩S 6 multiple hazards complexity disaster chain disaster compound Socio-Ecological System and Disaster System Complexity Multi -hazards Flood Drought Windstorm Hail Dust Storm Typhoon Low Temperature and Freeze Snow Earthquake Landslide Debris Flow 8 Disaster-chain Japan 311 Earthquake and tsunami co-triggered nuclear crisis in 2011 Earthquake - Tsunami Disaster Chain of Japan in 2011 Land contamination Water contamination Declined ocean water quality Damage to terrestrial system Decrease of marine bio resources Damage to marine aquaculture Animal variation Damage to regional & global ocean ecological system Vegetation contamination Atmospheric pollution Damage to road & bridge Damage to reservoir & dam Structural damage Nuclear substance leakage Damage to agricultural ecological system Collapse Human casualty Impact on human health Housing collapse Explosion of nuclear power plant Tsunami Damage to terrestrial system Earthquake Landside Social panic Damage to supply chains system Housing collapse Social instability Damage to coastal embankment Impact on power supply Damage to social service system Damage to production system Damage to industrial production system Damage to lifeline system Impact on local economy and world economy Source: Peijun Shi et al., 2011 China 5·12 Earthquake Disaster Chain of Wenchuan, in 2008 Earthquake Disaster Chain of Wenchuan, China in 2008 Heavy rain Collapse Landslide Debris flow Earthquake Source: Peijun Shi et al., 2009 Quake-lake Hazards(Disasters) compound 8 最大连续冰冻日数(天) 7 The large-scale sleet&snow disaster in South of China (2008) 冰冻日数 常年值 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 年 Multi-hazard, Disaster-chain, Hazards(Disasters) compound and LSD Multi-hazard, Disaster-chain, Hazards(Disasters) compound are often used in various references of disaster studies, but there is still different understanding about their essential difference (Shi et al., 2010a). Disaster-chain, Hazards(Disasters) compound triggered by a severe or enormous disaster event are generally the reason for the huge losses of LSD. The existence of multi-hazards is not a necessary condition for the formation of a LSD; only when the regional disaster prevention capacity is extremely low will it be possible to trigger a LSD. Contents Complexity of Disaster System Integrated Disaster Risk Governance The Nation-wide Paradigm of Integrated LSD Risk Governance in China (Top-down) Circular Economy Saving Resources Environment Friendship Sustainability Green Economy risk transfer Consilience between Disaster Risk Reduction and Development Year's Loss Ratio and Death population rate Caused by Natural Disaster in China 10 10-6 7.00% 9 8 Annual Loss Ratio 7 Annual Death Rate 6 6.00% 5.00% 4.00% 5 4 3.00% 3 2.00% 2 1.00% 1 0 0.00% 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Year 2004 2006 2008 2010 Annual economic loss to GDP ratio (expressed as percentage of GDP) and annual death rate (number of deaths per million people) caused by natural disasters in China, 1990-2011 (excluding the Wenchuan earthquake event, 2008). Based on data from Fang et. al. Disaster Risk Maps of CHINA Covers of the three atlases of natural disaster risk in China. Source: The People’s Insurance Company of China, 1992; Shi, 2003 and 2011. Establishing and Improving the Disaster System ( D S) Warning Information Integration Platform Monitoring. Warning and Forecasting System Prepareness and Manage System DS Warning Information Integration Platform Material Storage and Security System Forming integrated DS governance paradigm Governments Institute s Community Family Place Local Regional Global mitigation Coordination Cooperation Construction adaptation Integration Communication Government: Development and Disaster Reduction (Governance) Community: Safety Construction (Legislation) Institute: Risk Transformation (Mechanism) Family: Risk Awareness (Education) Consilience between Structure and Function Optimization Consilience Model for Integrated DS Governance resilience Consilience a da pta tion vulnera bility Global Network of Large-Scale Disaster Impact ai Li ch ai so on n ti ne uc tw od or Pr k Politics em st pp sy Su ol ns Ec ai og ch ic al ly Geography Economy ns Society Catastrophe Improving mitigation to response ER we propose to establish “global integrated disaster risk governance paradigm” under the development strategy for “living with global climate diversity . Global Integrated Disaster Risk Governance Paradigm under Development Strategy for Living with Global Climate Diversity Integrated Disaster Risk Governance of Climate For this reason, humans must establish corresponding defensive measures based on the integrated characteristics of CCR, improving mitigation to response ER, improving resilence to response FR and improving adaptation to response TR. Only by improving mitigation, resilience and adaptation of human beings gradually to response climate change and form cohesion of integrated CCR governance, can we promote sustainability comprehensively from local, regional to global under the background of climate change. Change Key Points A The nature of disaster system shows the characteristics of deep complexity. The human society as a whole should fully address the deep complexity and establish governance paradigms for better and more effective disaster risk reduction. The parameters in a disaster system usually experience the slow onset change, the rapid sudden change or the fluctuation in between, and these changes can often be observed as multiple hazards, disaster chain or disaster compound Key Points B As a traditional fashion, based on the regional variation of hazards, exposures and environments that form the essential of a disaster system, government emphasizes the various professional structure measures including safety construction, disaster relief, emergency management and risk transfer, along with professional functional measures such as preparedness, emergency response, recovery and reconstruction. However, in face of the deep complexity within the disaster system, traditional measures face significant difficulty of balancing and enhancing the efficiency and efficacy of resources used for disaster risk reduction. Key Points This article proposes a strategy of integrated disaster risk reduction (DRR) : The unity of development and protection The equalization of technological and institutional innovation in DRR The synergy between professional/industrial and regional DRR implementation The integration of DRR structures and functions The systemization of all-level DRR from (inter)national plans to community actions 总结(史培军) 科学研究 国家需求 Thank you! 诊断全球变化对环境风险的影 响机理与途径(如何影响?) 解决渐发-突发综合环境风险 评估中量化、模拟与预估的 服务于我国针对全球变化 与环境风险的关系、制 定科学有序的应对环境 变化政策 谢谢 问题(影响多少?); 服务于我国提高环境变化 揭示中国环境风险在全球环境 总体的预估水平和能力 风险水平中的位置,构建应 服务于解决我国以制度设 对范式(责任多大?) 计为核心的综合环境风 险防御的范式问题 科学问题关键、国家需求紧迫、国际竞争激烈,且我国已有较好研究基础!