Session 3
Elaboration of Element A of the UNFCCC/LEG
technical guidelines for the NAP process
HUANG Wenhang, Director
Division of International Cooperation, Department of Climate Change,
National Development and Reform Commission, P.R. China
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
Marriott Resort and Spa, Pattaya, Thailand, 17-20 February 2014
China’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Background
Framework
Key tasks
Regional layout
Supporting measures
Follow-up actions
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
1. Background
•
Global:
– Huge impact of climate change on eco-system and socio-economic development;
– Increasing attention from the international community on adaptation.
•
China:
– The world’s largest developing country with a large population, complicated
climatic conditions and a vulnerable ecological system;
– Still in the process of industrialization, informatization, urbanization and the fastdeveloping modern agriculture;
– Faced with huge challenges posed by climate change on food, water, ecosystem,
energy, city management and people's lives and property.
– Climate change adaptation is an arduous task for China; even worse, the
community as a whole still shows weak adaptation awareness and ability.
– 12th FYP spells out the objective of enhancing the country's ability to adapt to
climate change and formulating a national adaptation strategy.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
1. Background
•
Development of NAS:
– Started under the 11th 5YP Backbone Science
Project ‘Key Technique Research on Climate
Change Impact and Adaptation’;
– Study on National Strategy of Climate Change
Adaptation published in 2011;
– At the COP 19 in Warsaw, His Excellency Xie
Zhenhua, Vice Chairman of NDRC, announced
China’s National Climate Change Adaptation
Strategy (NAS) jointly issued by nine ministries
and commissions such as NDRC, MOF, MOA.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
2. Framework
• In this strategy, adaptation objectives, key tasks,
regional layout and safeguarding measures are
proposed based on a full assessment of the current
and future impact of climate change in China and by
aligning with the national guidelines and principles in
response to climate change, in an effort to provide
guidance for a well-balanced adaptation initiative.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
Climate Change Facts in China
Temperature
气
温
距
平
∕
℃
Precipitation
降
水
量
距
平
∕
mm
Precipitation anomaly in 1961-2009（mm）
Year
年份/Year
Temperature anomaly in 1961-2009(℃)
Data source：Beijing Climate Center
50
40
30
Precipitation trend in 1961-2009
80
90
100
110
120
130
（mm/10a）
20
Temperature trend in 1961-2009
（℃/10a）
-75
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
90
Agro-meteorological Disaster Loss
65000
60000
55000
50000
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
1950年-2007年农作物干旱面积（万亩）
干旱
/Drought
受灾
成灾
成灾均值
受灾均值
年代 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
1950年-2007年农作物洪涝面积（万亩）
洪涝
/Flooding
受灾
成灾
成灾均值
受灾均值
10000
5000
0
年代 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
7
无
有
Yield changes
With CO2 fertilization
(Wheat-A2)
雨养
灌溉
Different water conditions
(maize—with CO2
fertilization)
A2
B2
Different scenarios
(Rice—irrigation)
2. Framework
•
Current work progress:
– Policies and regulations related to climate change
adaptation have been introduced.
– Progress has been made in infrastructure construction.
– Adaptation efforts in the related fields have moved
forward.
– Ecological restoration and protection have been
strengthened.
– Monitoring and early warning systems were rolled out.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
2. Framework
•
Deficiencies:
– The supportive system is not in place.
– Infrastructure cannot meet the adaptation requirements.
– Adaptation needs to be improved in sensitive and
vulnerable areas.
– Measures for eco-protection should be strengthened.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
2. Framework
•
Guidelines and principles:
–
–
–
–
–
Highlighting the priorities
Active adaptation
Reasonable adaptation
Synergy and collaboration
Broad engagement
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
2. Framework
•
Major objectives:
– Improve the adaptation ability significantly
– Fully implement all key tasks
– Shape a regional adaptation network
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
3. Key Tasks
• With regards to the impact of climate change on
different sectors and the basics of adaptation work,
key adaptation tasks shall be identified and executed,
while pilot and demonstration projects will be
conducted in selected eligible areas, seeking and
spreading effective practices to guide and propel
gradual adaptation.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
3. Key Tasks
I) Infrastructure:
–
–
–
–
Risk management should be redoubled.
The relevant standards should be modified.
Disaster response systems shall be improved.
Urban lifeline systems should be well planned.
Project Proposal:
1. Shanghai pilot and demonstration adaptation project for defensive infrastructure against
extreme weather conditions
2. Guangdong pilot and demonstration adaptation project for urban disaster response
system against natural disasters
3. Yunnan pilot and demonstration adaptation project for disaster response system against
disasters in rural areas
4. Hebei pilot and demonstration adaptation project for urban water systems construction
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
3. Key Tasks
II) Agriculture:
– Measures should be taken to intensify monitoring and early
warning as well as disaster prevention and mitigation.
– Adaptability should be improved across the farming sector.
– Rational guidance should be given on the development of
livestock and aquaculture breeding.
– Efforts should be made to secure agricultural development.
Project Proposal:
5. Jilin pilot and demonstration adaptation project for black land protection and treatment in
major grain production areas
6. Heilongjiang pilot and demonstration adaptation project for benefiting from climate
change
7. Inner Mongolia pilot and demonstration adaptation project for animal husbandry
development in typical steppe
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
3. Key Tasks
III) Water resources:
– Protection of water resources and treatment of soil erosion
should be intensified.
– Water allocation should be well planned.
– Flood and drought management systems should be bettered.
Project Proposal:
8. Jiangxi pilot and demonstration adaptation project for water conservation in the Poyang
Lake
9. Xinjiang pilot and demonstration adaptation project for prevention and control of
snowmelt floods
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
3. Key Tasks
IV) Coastal zones and associated seas:
– Rationally develop marine resources.
– Protect and restore coastal ecosystem and vegetation.
– Strengthen marine disaster monitoring and early warning.
Project Proposal:
10. Hainan pilot and demonstration adaptation project for ecological restoration and marine
disaster emergency
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
3. Key Tasks
V) Forests and other ecosystem:
–
–
–
–
–
Refine forestry planning.
Improve forest management.
Effectively curb forest disasters.
Promote a virtuous cycle of grassland ecosystem.
Intensify ecological protection and governance.
Project Proposal:
11. Sichuan pilot and demonstration adaptation project for forest conservation and
management
12. Ningxia pilot and demonstration adaptation project for ecological migration
13. Guangxi pilot and demonstration adaptation project for rocky desertification prevention
and control
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
3. Key Tasks
VI) Human health:
– Epidemic prevention systems shall be bettered.
– Monitoring and evaluation as well as public information
services should be provided.
– Emergency response systems should be reinforced.
Project Proposal:
14. Chongqing pilot and demonstration adaptation project for disease prevention and
control system
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
3. Key Tasks
VII) Tourism and other industries:
– Safeguard industrial safety.
– Properly develop and protect tourism resources.
– Take the advantages to boost tourism.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
4. Regional Layout
•
According to the land development program specified
in the planning for national main functional areas and
in full consideration of the impact of climate change on
people's production and living across different
geographies, specific adaptation tasks are put forward,
with the whole country divided into three kinds of
adaptation regions, respectively urbanized region,
agricultural region and ecological region.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
4. Regional Layout
I) Urbanized region:
– Refers to the populous areas featuring high population density
and city clusters of scale.
– Can be divided into eastern, central and western areas based
on different climatic and geographic conditions.
– Key task for this group is to enhance urbanization while
enabling urban infrastructure’s adaptation, improving people's
living conditions and protect people's safety in their lives and
in production.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
Agricultural region
Area
Key task
East
•Adjusting urban planning;
•Increasing urban greens and water permeable tiles;
•Reducing hot island effect and city in-flooding;
•Monitoring, early warning and defense against typhoon and salt water
intrusion along the coast;
•Protecting the lifeline system;
•Fostering a water-saving society.
Central
•Improving flood control capacity;
•Schistosome and other vector-borne disease control;
•Water quality monitoring and protection.
West
•Water conservation and sustainable development of water resources;
•Building an ecological barrier in northwest China for wind-shielding and
sandstorm prevention;
•Monitoring and early warning for geological disasters in southwest China.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
4. Regional Layout
II) Agricultural region:
– Refers to the main producing areas of major agricultural
products, where the population density is relatively small and
large-scale urban agglomerations have not yet taken shape,
along with better conditions for agricultural production.
– Based on different climatic and geographic conditions, divided
into the Northeast Plain area, the North China Plain area, the
Yangtze River basin area, the Fenhe River-Weihe River alluvial
plains, the Hetao area, Xinjiang-Gansu area and South China.
– Key task for areas within this group is to ensure farm produce
supply and the people’s wellbeing.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
Agricultural region
Area
Key task
Northeast •Northward shift of planting belt;
China
•Early sowing, and shift to varieties with longer growing period;
plain
•Wetland and water resources conservation;
•Water-saving agriculture.
North
China
Plain
•The most stringent water resources management to be introduced;
•Water-saving agriculture, unconventional water resources exploitation;
•Variety adjustment and expanding multiple cropping;
•Late wheat sowing for soil moisture preservation and frost prevention;
•Late maize harvesting;
•Winter crop production in conservation area.
Hetao
Plain
•Reforming irrigated farmland, reducing water-intensive crops, and developing
water saving irrigation;
•Early wheat sowing, early warning for ice flood;
•Crop production in conservation area
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
Agricultural region
Area
Key task
Yangtze
River
Basin
•Upstream soil and water conservation;
•Returning lake to farmland in the middle reach;
•Downstream dredging and embankment reinforcement;
•Summer drought and flood prevention;
•Migrant pest control;
•Animal shed cooling;
•Water protection.
Gansu
and
Xinjiang
•Integrated river basin-wide water management, water-saving irrigation;
•Building dams and reservoirs in mountains;
•Monitoring and early warning of meltwater flooding;
•Developing featured agricultural products.
•Reasonably expanding tropical and sub-tropical crops and winter vegetables,
identifying the north-most border of planting belt;
•3-demension and off-season agricultural production in mountains;
•Reinforcing prevention of frost and alien species invasion
Session 3
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
•Early
warning
for
typhoon
and
mudslide
Elaboration of Element A
Asia Regional Training Workshop
South
China
4. Regional Layout
III) Ecological security region:
– Refers to the typical ecological areas featuring less human
activities, scarce development and great significance for
national or regional ecological security.
– According to different climatic and geographic conditions, the
group is classified into the northeast forest belts, the northern
sand shelterbelts, the Loess Plateau-Sichuan-Yunnan
ecological zone, southern hilly and mountainous area, and the
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau eco-zone.
– This region is defined to safeguard China’s national ecological
security and promote harmony between man and nature.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
Ecological security region
Area
Key task
Northeast •Stepping up monitoring, early warning and prevention of fire, frost, pest and
forest
rats;
belts
•Restructuring planting scheme, and protecting wetland
Northern
sand
shelterbelts
•Population control, and prevention of excessive farming and mining;
•Returning farmland to grassland and forest;
•Developing water-saving agriculture;
•Sand-storm prevention by engineering and non-engineering measures;
•Grassland conservation.
Loess
PlateauSichuanYunnan
ecological
zone
•Water and soil conservation, integrated small basin management;
•Monitoring, early warning and prevention of mountain disasters and forest
fires;
•Rain harvesting for irrigation, and featured agricultural products;
•Small-scale water projects in southwest China for greater resistance to spring
and summer droughts;
•Plateau and wetland protection
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
Ecological security region
Area
Key task
Southern
hilly and
mountainous area
•Monitoring, early warning and integrated prevention of mudslides and
geological disasters;
•Building public shelters;
•Returning farmland to grassland and forest;
•Eco-restoration and poverty reduction;
•Drought monitoring and early warning in Southwest China;
•Construction of impoundment projects to reduce the threat of seasonal
floods and droughts.
QinghaiTibet
Plateau
eco-zone
•Assessment of the plateau grassland carrying capacity;
•Glacier monitoring;
•Protection of vegetation, wetlands and endemic species of the Plateau;
•Protection of the natural forests;
•Development of highland valley agriculture.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
5. Safeguarding Measures
• This strategy serves to provide guidance on policies
and institutional arrangements for adaptation to
climate change. All local agencies and authorities
concerned shall align the existing policies and
institutions to the strategy, developing the work
mechanisms, funding policy, technical support and
international cooperation systems to safeguard
adaptation actions.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
5. Safeguarding Measures
I) Improve the institutions:
– develop a sound legal system for adaptation;
– develop an index system for comprehensive evaluation of
adaptability;
– incept management systems together with supervision and
review mechanisms;
– mainstream adaptation tasks into development plan;
– formulate adaptation programs at all levels;
– develop a sound mechanism to co-ordinate adaptation efforts;
– establish a multi-disciplinary, multi-dimensional expertise
committee.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
5. Safeguarding Measures
II) Build up capacity:
– analyze climate change-related risks in key fields;
– build and improve climate observation, monitoring, forecast
and early warning systems
– enhance the capacity in disaster emergency response and
relief;
– apply management information system and technology;
– advance science education and public awareness campaigns.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
5. Safeguarding Measures
III) Redouble fiscal and financial policy support:
– play the guiding role of public financial resources;
– increase financial support for adaptation capacity building and
major technological innovation;
– identify jurisdictions for adaptation to climate change;
– exempt the financial expenditure burden on economically
backward regions;
– implement and refine tax incentives to encourage the various
market players to get engaged in adaptation;
– boost climate financial markets and encourage the
development of climate-related services and products.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
5. Safeguarding Measures
IV) Strengthen technical support:
– strengthen the construction of research institutions related to
adaptation to climate change,
– improve climate change monitoring, prediction estimates,
impact and risk assessment and development of adaptation
technologies;
– actively demonstrate and popularize simple, workable and
efficient adaptation technologies;
– create the interdisciplinary, cross-industry, cross-regional
collaborative network of adaptation technologies;
– develop the adaptation technology system, guide and toolkit.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
5. Safeguarding Measures
V) Initiate international cooperation:
– actively guide and participate in global and regional cooperation as well as
international standards setting;
– carry out typical case studies and work with all parties for multi-channel,
multi-level and diversified collaboration;
– provide guide and support for adaptation cooperation between domestic
and foreign enterprises and civil organizations;
– actively take part in the financial mechanism within and beyond the
UNFCCC and cooperation projects launched by other international
organizations;
– foster research and development of key technologies for adaptation
through international mechanisms;
– carry out extensive South-South cooperation.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
5. Safeguarding Measures
VI) Organization and implementation:
– the development and reform authorities take charge of the organization
and coordination of the strategy implementation, collaborating with the
relevant departments of the State Council in the preparation of division of
labor according to the strategic plan, with clear responsibilities assigned to
each department;
– the relevant departments of the State Council implement the related tasks
in accordance with the division of labor, preparing climate change
adaptation programs for the corresponding departments and sectors and
ensuring strict implementation;
– provincial climate change adaptation programs should be developed
according to the principles and tasks identified in the strategy.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
6. Follow-up actions
• To expire in 2020, subject to timely adjustments and
modifications in accordance with the changing situation
and actual needs.
• To serve as a guideline in developing regional and
sectoral climate change adaptation strategy, planning
and action plan;
• To organise field studies, research and discussions for the
prioritised and vulnerable regions and sectors, to carry
on further strategic studies, and to lay a solid foundation
for revising the existing strategy or for developing new
strategies.
Session 3
Elaboration of Element A
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop
Session 3
[Session title]
Supporting LDCs to advance their National Adaptation Plans
Asia Regional Training Workshop