Biotechnology
Part II. Genetic Engineering and
Recombinant DNA
Cloned Cats
Content Standards
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5a.Students know the general structures and
functions of DNA, RNA, and protein.
BI5. c. Students know how genetic engineering
(biotechnology) is used to produce novel
biomedical and agricultural products.
5e.* Students know how exogenous DNA can be
inserted into bacterial cells to alter their genetic
makeup and support expression of new protein
products.
Objectives:
SWBAT
 explain the structure and function of DNA, RNA,
and proteins.
 predict the physical characteristics of an
organism based on its genetic make up.
 understand the general pathway by which
ribosomes make proteins.
 understand how altering an organisms genetic
make-up changes the proteins the organism
produces.
Genetics Review
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Genes code for proteins (transcription and
translation)
Proteins-make-up physical characteristics
Changes in the DNA sequence will affect the
genetic code (mutations)
If the genetic code is changed then a protein can
be changed
This can change an organisms’ physical
characteristics
How is Biotechnology a part of your
life?
Medical research
 Consumer products (clothing)
 Forensic Science (crime scene
investigation)
 Maury (paternity tests)
 Genetically modified foods (you eat them
on a daily basis)
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What is Biotechnology?
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Bio=life

Technology=usage and knowledge of tools and
crafts
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Biotechnology- technology that uses biological
systems, living organisms, or products made
from living organisms to make or modify
products or processes for specific use
What is genetic engineering?
Altering genes to produce a protein
 Changing of an organism’s DNA to give
the organism new traits
 Transgenic organisms-has one or more
genes from another organism inserted into
its genome
 Uses-medication and genetically modified
crops
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What are plasmids and restriction
enzymes?
Bacterial Plasmids-circular pieces of
DNA, found in bacteria
 Restriction enzymes-enzymes that cut
DNA at specific sites
 Restriction sites-sections of DNA
recognized by restriction enzymes as the
place to “cut” the DNA (BamH I, Hind III )
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How are recombinant DNA
molecules produced?
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Recombinant DNA-DNA sequence that is
produced from combining DNA sequences,
contains more than one organisms genes
RE-used to cut out desired gene from DNA
Plasmids are cut with same RE
Plasmid opens and gene is added to plasmid
Sticky ends of DNA are bonded together
(ligation)
Recombinant E.coli plasmid
Discosoma sp (sea anemone)
E.coli
restriction analysis of pKAN-R and pARA
pKAN-R
5408 bp
rfp
702 bp
pARA
4058 bp
40 bp
ligation of pKAN-R/pARA restriction fragments
BamH I
sticky end
Hind III
sticky end
Hind III
sticky end
BamH I
sticky end
Summary Questions
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What are some beneficial uses of
transgenic organisms?
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How are recombinant DNA molecules
produced? (describe this process in detail)