The Power
of Spain
Chapter 18: Section 1
Main Idea
• Spain experienced a golden
age during the 1500s, but
economic problems and
military struggles decreased
Spanish power by the
1600s.
Goals
• Identify the challenges King
Charles I faced when he became
Emperor Charles V (the fifth).
• Analyze some artistic
achievements of Spain’s golden
age.
• Chart the rise and decline of Spain
under Philip II.
The King Becomes Emperor
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• 1516 Charles
became King
Charles I of Spain.
• Member of the
Hapsburg family
• Absolute Monarch
Terms to Know
• Absolute Monarch- Ruler whose
power was not limited by nobles
common people or their reps.
• Divine Right- Monarch received their
power from God and could not be
challenged.
Charles V and the Empire
• His territory
– Countries of Belgium, Netherlands, colonies in the
Americas
• Bought votes to become Holy Roman Emperor.
– Charles I became Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
• Large empire with lots of enemies
– Turks, France, German princes
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Charles V and the Empire
• Wanted Europe to
be Roman Catholic
– Protestant
Reformation
threatened his
power.
• Declared Martin
Luther an outlaw
• Rebellions against
Catholic rulers
spread
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Martin Luther
Peace of Augsburg
• After years of
religious wars
Charles V signed
the Peace of
Augsburg (right).
– Gave each German
prince the right to
choose whether his
state would be
protestant or catholic
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Success in the Americas
• Charles V claimed
much of the Americas
for Spain.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
– Hernan Cortes (Aztecs)
– Coronado (explored the
Southwest)
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Gold from the Americas
made Spain super
wealthy.
Hernan Cortes
Dividing the Empire
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Philip II of Spain
• Charles V gave up
his throne in 1556.
• Divided his empire
between his brother
and his son,
(Philip II).
Artistic
Achievements
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The Golden Century
• 1550-1650 Spain
had a golden age
known as the QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed
Golden Century,
of to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
artistic achievement. are needed
to see this picture.
• El Greco(right) was
one of the most
important painters of
this period
Diego Velasquez
• Created
masterpieces that
QuickTime™ and
a
portray
people of all
decompressor
are needed to see thissocial
picture. classes with
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
great dignity.
are needed to see this picture.
• He was the court
painter.
Diego Velasquez
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Vieja friendo huevos (1618, English: An Old Woman
Frying Eggs). National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Juan de Pareja (1650)
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Portrait of Pope Innocent X, 1650
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Las Meninas (1656, English: The Maids of Hono
Literature
• Miguel de Cervantes
– Don Quixote de la Mancha
• Sis. Juana Ines de la Cruz
– Poet, playwright
– Believed women had the right
to education
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Spain under Phillip II
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Spain under Philip II
• Spain reached its peak during his reign
• Cause: Gold and silver from their
colonies in the Americas.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Religion and Revolt
• Philip II saw himself
as leader of the
CounterReformation.
• Married Queen Mary
I of England who
was also a Catholic
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
– She died before
having an heir to the
throne
Philip and Mary I
• Philip II wanted to all the people in all of
QuickTime™
his territories
Catholic.and a
decompressor
– Clashed with
Calvinist Protestantism
are needed
seeofthis
picture.
– Duke
of Alba- to
Court
Blood
tortured and
executed thousands
– Revolt lasted for decades
• True in 1609
• Independent nation of the Netherlands formed
Spain and England
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Spain and England
• Big rivalry between Spain and England
• Source?: Spain=Catholic & England =
Protestant.
– English helped the Dutch in revolt against
Spain.
– England attacked Spanish treasure ships
coming from the Americas.
Sir Francis Drake
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• English Sea Dog
• Stole gold and silver
from Spanish
treasure ships for
England.
• Destroyed 30 ships
in a Spanish harbor.
• Made things difficult
for the Spanish
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this pictur e.
Spanish Armada (1588)
• 130 ships
• 20,000 soldiers and
sailors
• Called invincible or
unbeatable.
• Series of battle greatly
damaged the Armada.
• English used fire ships
and Spanish fled.
• Destroyed by storms on
the return to Spain
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
An Empire in Decline
• Reasons for decline
– Philip II had to make
every decision.
– He used all the gold and
silver coming out of
Americas to fight wars.
– Borrowed money & went
bankrupt four times.
– Did not develop
industries.
– Spain gradually declined
for the next 100 years.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Queen Elizabeth now Rules!
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
English medal received for
victory over Spain
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.