Patient information from the BMJ Group
Enlarged prostate: what is it?
Only men have a prostate. As men get older, their prostate can get bigger. This
can cause problems, such as having to get up at night to urinate. But an enlarged
prostate isn't usually a serious health problem. You may choose to wait before
deciding to have any treatment.
What is the prostate?
The prostate is a small, solid gland about the size of a walnut. It is at the base of your
bladder. The front of your prostate is wrapped around your urethra, the tube that carries
urine and semen out of your body. Any change in the size or shape of your prostate can
narrow this tube, which makes it difficult for you to urinate. The back of your prostate
rests against your back passage (rectum). Your doctor can feel the prostate through the
wall of your rectum.
Many men's prostate glands get bigger as they get older. When this happens, doctors
call it benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH. BPH is not cancer, and it isn't usually a
serious health problem. But the symptoms of BPH can be difficult to live with.
Most men find it difficult to talk to their doctors about prostate problems. But don't be
embarrassed. Your doctor will have seen many men with your symptoms.
What are the symptoms of an enlarged prostate?
You may notice some of these symptoms if you have BPH:
•
Having to wait before you start urinating
•
Stopping and starting when urinating
•
Having to push or strain to urinate
•
Having a weak stream of urine
•
Feeling like your bladder's never quite empty
•
Having to urinate more often than before
•
Finding it difficult to put off urinating
•
Having to get up at night to urinate
•
Dribbling at the end of passing urine
•
Being desperate to urinate.
© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2014. All rights reserved.
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Enlarged prostate: what is it?
Having an enlarged prostate can also affect you in other ways.You may feel tired because
you never sleep through the night. Or you may feel anxious during the day if you're not
close to a bathroom. This anxiety can disrupt your daily life. For example, you may stop
playing sports or stop going to the cinema or public events.
It's important to get these symptoms checked by a doctor. Some BPH symptoms are
similar to those of more serious conditions, such as prostate cancer. Also, your doctor
may be able to give you some simple advice that can help your symptoms without any
treatment.
Do I need treatment?
This is a difficult question. Only you can decide whether your symptoms are bothering
you so much that you’d like some treatment. If you don’t find your symptoms too
troublesome your doctor may suggest watchful waiting. This means you see your doctor
regularly, but you don’t have any other treatment for the time being. Your doctor may
suggest some things that may help your symptoms. The following tips have not been
tested in research studies, but they may help.
•
Avoid drinking large amounts of liquid at any one time.
•
Avoid drinks altogether before going to bed.
•
Reduce the amount of alcohol you drink (alcohol can stimulate your bladder).
•
Cut back on coffee, tea, cola or any other drinks that contain caffeine (caffeine can
stimulate your bladder).
•
Check any medicines you are taking. Some antihistamines (which are drugs used
to treat allergies) and some drugs used to treat depression can make your problems
with urinating worse.
When you go for check-ups your doctor will ask you whether your symptoms have got
any worse and if you think you need any treatment. He or she may discuss the benefits
and risks of different treatments with you. To learn more, see our information on what
treatments you can have for an enlarged prostate.
What will happen to me if I choose not to have treatment?
No one can tell you for certain whether your symptoms will get worse over time. But BPH
doesn't usually get worse quickly, so you don't have to rush into having treatment.
Many men find that their symptoms gradually get worse as they get older. But this is not
always the case. Some men find that their symptoms change slowly, and others find that
they don't change at all. Some men even find that their symptoms get better on their
own.
© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2014. All rights reserved.
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Enlarged prostate: what is it?
Some men can get complications from BPH. For example, BPH can damage your bladder
or kidneys. It can also make you unable to urinate at all. When this happens, it’s called
acute urinary retention. It needs to be treated urgently, usually with surgery. But serious
problems like this only happen to about 1 in 10 men with BPH.
Getting treatment with BPH can reduce your risk of getting serious problems. Still, doctors
often advise men to wait and see what happens before they start treatment. This is
because symptoms don’t usually change very quickly.
This information is aimed at a UK patient audience. This information however does not replace medical advice.
If you have a medical problem please see your doctor. Please see our full Conditions of Use for this content.
For more information about this condition and sources of the information contained in this leaflet please visit the Best
Health website, http://besthealth.bmj.com . These leaflets are reviewed annually.
© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2014. All rights reserved.
Last published: Sep 05, 2014
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