Babesiosis 演讲:陈嘉俊 组员:刘宇杰 陈业谋 叶锦辉 Brief Introduction of Babesiosis Babesiosis is a malaria-like parasitic disease caused by infection with Babesia(Tick-borne), it is also called Tick fever,Red water,Texas fever,etc.one of the Piroplasmosis. Babesia are thought to be the second most common blood parasites of mammals(most commom in cattle and horse) and they can have a major impact on health of domestic animals in areas without severe winters. Human babesiosis is uncommon, but reported cases have risen recently because of expanded medical awareness. Babesia spp. in cattle Babesia bigemina B. bovis B. ovata B. orientalis Morphology B. bigemina(Giemsa stain) B. bovis Comparison of four Babesia sp. Size B. bigemina B. bovis B. ovata + 4.5*2.0μm 2.0*1.5μ m + 3.57*1.71 μm shape 梨籽形、圆 梨籽形、 梨籽形、 形、椭圆形、 圆形、椭 卵形、卵 不规则形 圆形、不 圆形、出 规则形、 芽形 圆点形 Number in the RC. 1-2,seldom 3+ 1-3 1-2, or 4 B. orientalis 梨籽形、环 形、椭圆形、 边虫形、杆 状 Life cycle Both Babesia species are single cell organisms that develop in the erythrocytes of cattle and are transmitted by tick . The life cycle includes four steps as follows : Binary fission of trophozoites occurs in the erythrocytes of the bovine host ; Trophozoites ingested by female ticks undergo growth and multiplication in the epithelial cells of the gut , producing vermiculate bodies that enter the cells of the Malpighian tubules and repeat fission ; then enter and accumulate in developing eggs. ③Vermicules in the yolk migrate to the gut epithelium of the larval ticks , grow ,undergo multifission , and are released into the hemolymph ; ④The vermicules invade the salivary glands of newly formed nymphal ticks , grow and divide by multifission to from vermiculate progeny that are injected into the vertebrate host by feeding nymphs and subsequent developmental stages of the ticks. Epidemiology Babesiosis was prevalent in many countries of the world, and their occurrence and prevalence are closely related to activities of the tick. Seasonality Endemicity Natural nidus Babesiosis of cattle are various from different age and strain. Here are the differences between younger cattle and adult cattle. Younger cattle Adult cattle Morbidity high low Symptom light obvious Mortality low high B. bigemina and B. bovis Prevalent province: Gansu,Henan,Shanxi,Zhejiang,Jiang su, Xizang,Yunan,Guizhou,Hubei,Hunan, Jiangxi,Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi, Anhui,Shandong,Liaoning Vector:Boophilus microplus Transmission:transovarian transmission B. bigemina is transmitted by next nymph and adult, B. bovis is transmitted by next larva. B. Orientalis and B. ovata B. Orientalis Prevalent province: Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi,Jiangsu, Anhui,etc. Vector:Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides Transovarian transmittion B. orientalis is transmitted by next adult. B. ovata Vector:Haemaphysalis longicornis Transovarian transmittion Transmitted by next larva,nymph and adult. Pathogenesis The parasites develop in erythrocyte→bacause of mechanical injury and nutrition loss → plenty of erythrocyte are damaged → cause hemolytic anaemia → pale mucosa and jaundice decrease of erythrocyte and hemoglobin→lack of oxygen →oxidation-reduction reaction is destroyed→dysbolism and acid-base imbalance→denaturation of cells, and even necrosis, resulting in tissue edema and extravasated blood accumulation of toxin and metabolites →act on central nervous system and antagonistic system →temperature adjustment function disabled and disorder of antagonistic function →cause ardent fever and coma Symptoms Incubation period:10-15 d fever, 40-42℃,depression,decreased eppetite, pulse and respiratory accelerating, light diarrhea, rumination delayed or stopped. emaciation pale mucosa jaundice haemoglobinuria lactation decrease or stop abortion. Lesions hemolytic anemia(溶血性贫血) pale mucosa. yellowing of the visible mucusa (icterus) hemoglobinuria Hepatomegalia splenomegaly Diagnosis 1、stained blood smear 2、serological examination (including:IHA、ELISA) 3、post mortem examination 4、gene diagnosis(for example: PCR) Treatment and Prevention Treatment 1.diminazene 2.acriflavine 3.imidocarb 4.quinuronium sulfate Prevention 1.killing ticks 2.medication prevention 3.vaccination