Babesiosis
演讲：陈嘉俊
组员：刘宇杰 陈业谋 叶锦辉
Brief Introduction of Babesiosis
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Babesiosis is a malaria-like parasitic
disease caused by infection with
Babesia(Tick-borne), it is also called Tick
fever,Red water,Texas fever,etc.one of the
Piroplasmosis.
Babesia are thought to be the second most
common blood parasites of mammals(most
commom in cattle and horse) and they can
have a major impact on health of domestic
animals in areas without severe winters.
Human babesiosis is uncommon, but
reported cases have risen recently
because of expanded medical awareness.
Babesia spp. in cattle
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Babesia bigemina
B. bovis
B. ovata
B. orientalis
Morphology
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B. bigemina(Giemsa stain)
B. bovis
Comparison of four Babesia sp.
Size
B. bigemina
B. bovis
B. ovata
+
4.5*2.0μm
2.0*1.5μ
m
+
3.57*1.71
μm
shape
梨籽形、圆
梨籽形、 梨籽形、
形、椭圆形、 圆形、椭 卵形、卵
不规则形
圆形、不 圆形、出
规则形、 芽形
圆点形
Number
in the
RC.
1-2,seldom
3+
1-3
1-2, or 4
B. orientalis
梨籽形、环
形、椭圆形、
边虫形、杆
状
Life cycle
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Both Babesia species are single cell
organisms that develop in the erythrocytes
of cattle and are transmitted by tick . The
life cycle includes four steps as follows :
Binary fission of trophozoites occurs in the
erythrocytes of the bovine host ;
Trophozoites ingested by female ticks
undergo growth and multiplication in the
epithelial cells of the gut ,
producing vermiculate bodies that enter the
cells of the Malpighian tubules and repeat
fission ;
then enter and accumulate in developing
eggs.
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③Vermicules in the yolk migrate to
the gut epithelium of the larval ticks ,
grow ,undergo multifission , and are
released into the hemolymph ;
④The vermicules invade the salivary
glands of newly formed nymphal
ticks , grow and divide by multifission
to from vermiculate progeny that are
injected into the vertebrate host by
feeding nymphs and subsequent
developmental stages of the ticks.
Epidemiology
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Babesiosis was prevalent in
many countries of the world, and
their occurrence and prevalence
are closely related to activities of
the tick.
Seasonality
Endemicity
Natural nidus
Babesiosis of cattle are various
from different age and strain. Here
are the differences between
younger cattle and adult cattle.
Younger
cattle
Adult cattle
Morbidity
high
low
Symptom
light
obvious
Mortality
low
high
B. bigemina and B. bovis
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Prevalent province:
Gansu,Henan,Shanxi,Zhejiang,Jiang
su,
Xizang,Yunan,Guizhou,Hubei,Hunan,
Jiangxi,Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi,
Anhui,Shandong,Liaoning
Vector:Boophilus microplus
Transmission:transovarian
transmission
B. bigemina is transmitted by next
nymph and adult, B. bovis is
transmitted by next larva.
B. Orientalis and B. ovata
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B. Orientalis
Prevalent province:
Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi,Jiangsu, Anhui,etc.
Vector:Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides
Transovarian transmittion
B. orientalis is transmitted by next adult.
B. ovata
Vector:Haemaphysalis longicornis
Transovarian transmittion
Transmitted by next larva,nymph and adult.
Pathogenesis
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The parasites develop in
erythrocyte→bacause of
mechanical injury and nutrition
loss → plenty of erythrocyte are
damaged → cause hemolytic
anaemia → pale mucosa and
jaundice
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decrease of erythrocyte and
hemoglobin→lack of oxygen
→oxidation-reduction reaction is
destroyed→dysbolism and acid-base
imbalance→denaturation of cells, and
even necrosis, resulting in tissue
edema and extravasated blood
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accumulation of toxin and
metabolites →act on central
nervous system and antagonistic
system →temperature adjustment
function disabled and disorder of
antagonistic function →cause
ardent fever and coma
Symptoms
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Incubation period:10-15 d
fever, 40-42℃,depression,decreased
eppetite, pulse and respiratory
accelerating, light diarrhea, rumination
delayed or stopped.
emaciation
pale mucosa
jaundice
haemoglobinuria
lactation decrease or stop
abortion.
Lesions
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hemolytic anemia（溶血性贫血）
pale mucosa.
yellowing of the visible mucusa
(icterus)
hemoglobinuria
Hepatomegalia
splenomegaly
Diagnosis
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1、stained blood smear
2、serological examination
（including：IHA、ELISA）
3、post mortem examination
4、gene diagnosis（for
example: PCR)
Treatment and Prevention
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Treatment
1.diminazene
2.acriflavine
3.imidocarb
4.quinuronium sulfate
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Prevention
1.killing ticks
2.medication prevention
3.vaccination