BLOODBORNE
PATHOGENS
Presented By
Anchorage Fire Department
WHY are we doing this
training?
We can’t ignore it!
OSHA BB Pathogen standard
“The employer shall provide an annual
training for all employees…”
OSHA 1910.1030
The more you know, the better you will
perform in real situations!
Definition
“Bloodborne Pathogen"
means any pathogenic microorganisms
that are present in human blood and can
cause disease in humans.
These pathogens include, but are not
limited to HBV, HIV and HCV.
Common BB Pathogen Diseases
Malaria
Brucellosis
Syphilis
Hepatitis B(HBV)
Hepatitis C(HCV)
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
HEPATITIS
Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E:
Serious Than You Think
More
Hepatitis is a disease characterized by
inflammation of the liver.
Viral hepatitis refers to several common
diseases caused by viruses that can lead to
swelling and tenderness of the liver.
HEPATITIS A
Hepatitis A – is known as “Infectious
Hepatitis”.
This disease is often associated with
fecal contamination in water and is
spread person-to-person through poor
sanitary habits and the intake of
uncooked food or unclean water.
It takes about 15-50 days to
develop symptoms of hepatitis A
after exposure.
Symptoms usually disappear
even without treatment about two
weeks later.
Symptoms resemble the flu.
Hepatitis B
What is Hepatitis B?
Caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Is a disease that damages the liver,
causing symptoms that range from mild
or unapparent to severe or fatal.
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Symptoms include:
jaundice, fatigue,
abdominal pain, loss of
appetite, intermittent
nausea, vomiting
HBV can survive for at
least one week in
dried blood
Symptoms can occur
1-9 months after
exposure
What occupational exposures
put a worker at risk for HBV?
Contact with blood or potentially
infectious body fluids through:
1. Needle-stick
2. Mucous membranes of eyes, nose and
mouth
3. Broken or non-intact skin
Hepatitis Can Not be spread:
breast feeding
sneezing
hugging or kissing
coughing
sharing eating utensils or drinking glasses
food or water
casual contact
HBV can live in a dry environment for at least 7
days.
HEPATITIS C
Hepatitis C is considered to be
a more serious threat to fire
fighters, paramedics and EMT’s
than hepatitis B virus.
According to the Center of
Disease Control (CDC), hepatitis
C is the most common chronic
bloodborne infection in the United
States.
Hepatitis C (HCV)
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Symptoms include:
jaundice, fatigue,
abdominal pain,
loss of appetite,
intermittent nausea, vomiting
May lead to chronic liver disease and
death
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS (HIV)
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS
HIV depletes the immune system
HIV does not survive well outside the
body
There is no threat on contracting
HIV through casual contact
You cannot “catch” HIV:
through the air (like a cold or flu)
through casual, everyday contact
(sharing bathrooms, kitchens, etc.)
through nonsexual social situations
through insects or mosquitoes
through urine, feces, nasal secretions,
sputum, vomitus, saliva, sweat or tears
from an infected person.
HIV cannot live in dry environment for
more than a few hours.
Once the virus is dead – it’s dead. You
cannot “reactivate” it by adding water.
Meningitis
Bacterial Meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection
Viral Meningitis
Fungal Meningitis
Shingles
“Shingles is a painful localized skin rash
often with blisters that is caused by the
varicella zoster virus, the same virus that
causes chickenpox.
Anyone who has had chickenpox can develop
shingles because it remains in the body after
the chickenpox infection clears
Shingles most commonly occurs in people 50
years old or older.”
CDC Posted Jan
2011
TUBERCULOSIS
AIRBORNE PATHOGEN
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:
•COUGHING
•SUDDEN WEIGHT LOSS
•NIGHT SWEATS
TUBERCULOSIS
Spread through the air by coughing,
sneezing, laughs, or singing.
Alaska has a high rate of TB in its rural
population.
Signs and symptoms
High fever
Headache
Stiff neck
Other Symptoms
Nausea
Vomiting
Discomfort looking into bright lights
Confusion
sleepiness
TETANUS
A bacterial disease that affects the
nervous system.
Caused by soil contaminated with
manure.
Health & Human Services recommends
being vaccinated.
Vaccinations
Vaccinations
Hepatitis A
Vaccine available
Vaccinations
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Strongly endorsed by medical
communities.
Offered to all potentially exposed
employees.
Provided at no cost to employees
Declination forms are available for
those not wanting the immunization.
Vaccinations
Hepatitis C
There is no vaccine to prevent
hepatitis C.
Vaccinations
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
There is no vaccine at the present time.
Vaccinations
Meningitis
For Bacterial Meningitis
Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) Ages
2 to 55 years of age
Menactra® (2005)
Menveo® (2010)
Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine
(MPSV4) Older than 55 years of age
Menomune® (1981)
Vaccination
Viral Meningitis
MMR (Measles, mumps & Rubella)
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Influenza
Vaccinations
Shingles
CDC recommends Zostavax for use in
people 60 years old and older to
prevent shingles. This is a one-time
vaccination.
Vaccinations
Tetanus
The vaccine is Tetanus toxoid. It is usually
given with Diphtheria, & Pertussis vaccine.
(DTP)
Typically, a booster is given if a wound is
dirty and the last Td booster was given
more than 5 years previous to the injury.
Otherwise, recommendation for Tetanus
Booster is every 10 years.
Your Exposure Potential
Industrial exposure
Administering first aid
Post-accident cleanup
Handling of returned
product
Janitorial or maintenance
work
Handling of any waste
products
P&I 200-2
“Infectious Disease
Prevention &
Control Program.
Standard Precautions
Use of proper PPE
Treat all blood and
bodily fluids as if
they are contaminated
Proper cleanup and
decontamination
Disposal of all
contaminated material
in the proper manner
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
Anything that is
used to protect a
person from
exposure
Required PPE Table
Operation
Gloves
Glasses
Mask
Impervious
Gown
Any medical response
Yes
Yes
Optional
Optional
Uncontrolled bleeding
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Controlled bleeding
Yes
Yes
Optional
Optional
Childbirth
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Coughing, spitting patient
Yes
Yes
Yes
Optional
Nebulized Medications
Yes
Yes
Yes
Optional
Invasive airway procedures
Yes
Yes
Yes
Optional
Handling/cleaning possibly
contaminated equipment
Yes
Yes
Optional
Optional
Handling/cleaning obviously
contaminated equipment
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cleaning the patient compartment
after a call – without obvious
contamination
Yes
Yes
Optional
Optional
Station Cleaning
Yes
Optional
No
No
PPE Rules to Remember
Always check PPE for defects or tears
before using
If PPE becomes torn or defective
remove and get new
Remove PPE before leaving a
contaminated area
Do not reuse disposable
equipment
Decontamination of PPE
PPE should be removed and
disposed of in biohazard containers.
The cleaning of contaminated PPE
and work uniforms shall not be done
at home.
Non-disposable PPE shall be cleaned
whenever necessary.
Regulated Medical Waste
Liquid or semi-liquid blood or other
potentially infectious material (OPIM)
Contaminated items that would release
blood or OPIM when compressed
Contaminated sharps
Pathological and microbiological
waste containing blood
or OPIM
Signs & Labels
Labels must include the
universal biohazard symbol,
and the term “Biohazard”
must be attached to:
containers of regulated
biohazard waste
refrigerators or freezers
containing blood or OPIM
containers used to store,
transport, or ship blood or
OPIM
Exposure Incident
Report all exposures involving blood
or bodily fluids to dispatch.
Dispatch will contact the on duty
Safety Officer.
Do not seek treatment without
contacting the Safety Officer.
Post-exposure Evaluation
Confidential medical
evaluation
Document route of
exposure
Identify source
individual
Test source
individuals blood
(with individuals
consent)
Provide results to
exposed employee
Recordkeeping
Medical records include:
Vaccination status
Post-exposure evaluation and
follow-up results
Training records include:
Training dates
Contents of the training
Name of trainer and trainee
Hand Washing
Hand washing is your best defense against
exposure.
Wash hands
immediately after
removing PPE
A hand sanitizer can
be used but wash
with soap and water
as soon as possible
thereafter
Protection
The best defense is a great offense.
Recognize and protect yourself
Keep up to date with recommended
immunizations is the best defense.
Maintaining healthy habits, like getting
plenty of rest, washing hands.
In Conclusion
BB pathogen rules
are in place for your
health and safety
Failure to follow them
is a risk that does not
need to be taken
Contact your Safety
Officer.