Filoviruses
Filoviruses (Filoviridae)
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Marburg and Ebola viruses
filamentous,
enveloped,
negative-strand RNA viruses.
These agents cause severe or fatal
hemorrhagic fevers and are endemic in
Africa.
• Awareness of the Ebola virus increased after an
outbreak of the disease in Zaire in 1995, in
Gabon in 1996, and also after the release of the
movie "Outbreak,"
2014 Ebola Virus Disease
(EVD) outbreak in West Africa
• The incubation period of Ebola virus disease (EVD) varies from 2 to
21 days.
• The information provided should emphasize that travellers or
residents in the affected areas of countries can minimize any risk of
getting infected if they avoid:
• Contact with blood or bodily fluids of a person or corpse infected
with the Ebola virus.
• Contact with or handling of wild animals, alive or dead or their raw or
undercooked meat.
• Having sexual intercourse with a sick person or a person recovering
from EVD for at least 7 weeks.
• Having contact with any object, such as needles, that has been
contaminated with blood or bodily fluids.
WHO
Filoviruses (Filoviridae)
• These viruses may be endemic in bats or wild
monkeys and can be spread to humans and
between humans.
• Contact with the animal reservoir or direct
contact with infected blood or secretions can
spread the disease.
• These viruses have been transmitted by
accidental injection and through the use of
contaminated syringes.
• Health care workers tending the sick and
monkey handlers may be at risk.
Filoviruses (Filoviridae)
• Serology:Spesific IgM and IgG
• RT-PCR
• Infected patients should be quarantined,
and contaminated animals should be
sacrificed. Handling of the viruses or
contaminated materials requires very
stringent (level 4) isolation procedures.
Borna Disease Virus
• Borna disease virus (BDV) is the only
member of a newly described family of
enveloped, negative-strand RNA viruses.
• BDV was first associated with infection of
horses in Germany.
• The virus has received considerable
recent interest because of its association
with specific neuropsychiatric diseases
such as schizophrenia.
Epidemiology
• BDV is a zoonose capable of infecting
many different mammalian species,
including horses, sheep, and humans.
• Like many other RNA viruses, BDV is
sensitive to ribavirin treatment.