Seventh Edition
CHAPTER
11
VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:
DYNAMICS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
Kinematics of Particles
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
© 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Contents
Introduction
Rectilinear Motion: Position,
Velocity & Acceleration
Determination of the Motion of a
Particle
Sample Problem 11.2
Sample Problem 11.3
Uniform Rectilinear-Motion
Uniformly Accelerated RectilinearMotion
Motion of Several Particles: Relative
Motion
Sample Problem 11.4
Motion of Several Particles:
Dependent Motion
Sample Problem 11.5
Graphical Solution of Rectilinear-Motion
Problems
Curvilinear Motion: Position, Velocity &
Acceleration
Derivatives of Vector Functions
Rectangular Components of Velocity and
Acceleration
Motion Relative to a Frame in Translation
Tangential and Normal Components
Radial and Transverse Components
Sample Problem 11.10
Sample Problem 11.12
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Introduction
• Dynamics includes:
- Kinematics: study of the geometry of motion. Kinematics is used to
relate displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time without reference to
the cause of motion.
- Kinetics: study of the relations existing between the forces acting on a
body, the mass of the body, and the motion of the body. Kinetics is used
to predict the motion caused by given forces or to determine the forces
required to produce a given motion.
• Rectilinear motion: position, velocity, and acceleration of a particle as it
moves along a straight line.
• Curvilinear motion: position, velocity, and acceleration of a particle as it
moves along a curved line in two or three dimensions.
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Rectilinear Motion: Position, Velocity & Acceleration
• Particle moving along a straight line is said
to be in rectilinear motion.
• Position coordinate of a particle is defined
by positive or negative distance of particle
from a fixed origin on the line.
• The motion of a particle is known if the
position coordinate for particle is known for
every value of time t. Motion of the particle
may be expressed in the form of a function,
e.g.,
x  6t 2  t 3
or in the form of a graph x vs. t.
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Rectilinear Motion: Position, Velocity & Acceleration
• Consider particle which occupies position P
at time t and P’ at t+Dt,
Dx

Average velocity
Dt
Dx

v

lim
Instantaneous velocity
Dt 0 Dt
• Instantaneous velocity may be positive or
negative. Magnitude of velocity is referred
to as particle speed.
• From the definition of a derivative,
Dx dx
v  lim

dt
Dt 0 Dt
e.g., x  6t 2  t 3
dx
v
 12t  3t 2
dt
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Rectilinear Motion: Position, Velocity & Acceleration
• Consider particle with velocity v at time t and
v’ at t+Dt,
Dv
Instantaneous acceleration  a  lim
Dt 0 Dt
• Instantaneous acceleration may be:
- positive: increasing positive velocity
or decreasing negative velocity
- negative: decreasing positive velocity
or increasing negative velocity.
• From the definition of a derivative,
Dv dv d 2 x
a  lim

 2
dt dt
Dt 0 Dt
e.g. v  12t  3t 2
dv
a
 12  6t
dt
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Rectilinear Motion: Position, Velocity & Acceleration
• Consider particle with motion given by
x  6t 2  t 3
v
dx
 12t  3t 2
dt
dv d 2 x
a

 12  6t
dt dt 2
• at t = 0, x = 0, v = 0, a = 12 m/s2
• at t = 2 s, x = 16 m, v = vmax = 12 m/s, a = 0
• at t = 4 s, x = xmax = 32 m, v = 0, a = -12 m/s2
• at t = 6 s, x = 0, v = -36 m/s, a = 24 m/s2
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Determination of the Motion of a Particle
• Recall, motion of a particle is known if position is known for all time t.
• Typically, conditions of motion are specified by the type of acceleration
experienced by the particle. Determination of velocity and position requires
two successive integrations.
• Three classes of motion may be defined for:
- acceleration given as a function of time, a = f(t)
- acceleration given as a function of position, a = f(x)
- acceleration given as a function of velocity, a = f(v)
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Determination of the Motion of a Particle
• Acceleration given as a function of time, a = f(t):
v t 
t
dv
 a  f t 
dv  f t  dt
dv   f t  dt

dt
v
0
dx
 vt 
dt
x t 
dx  vt  dt
t
vt   v0   f t  dt
0
0
t
 dx   vt  dt
x0
t
xt   x0   vt  dt
0
0
• Acceleration given as a function of position, a = f(x):
v
dx
dx
or dt 
dt
v
v dv  f  x dx
a
v x 
dv
dv
or a  v  f  x 
dt
dx
x
 v dv   f  x dx
v0
x0
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
1 v x 2
2
 12 v02
x
  f  x dx
x0
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Determination of the Motion of a Particle
• Acceleration given as a function of velocity, a = f(v):
dv
 dt
f v 
dv
 a  f v 
dt
v t 

v0
v t 

v0
t
dv
  dt
f v  0
dv
t
f v 
dv
v  a  f v 
dx
xt   x0 
v t 

v0
v dv
dx 
f v 
x t 
v t 
x0
v0
 dx  
v dv
f v 
v dv
f v 
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.2
SOLUTION:
• Integrate twice to find v(t) and y(t).
• Solve for t at which velocity equals
zero (time for maximum elevation)
and evaluate corresponding altitude.
Ball tossed with 10 m/s vertical velocity
from window 20 m above ground.
• Solve for t at which altitude equals
zero (time for ground impact) and
evaluate corresponding velocity.
Determine:
• velocity and elevation above ground at
time t,
• highest elevation reached by ball and
corresponding time, and
• time when ball will hit the ground and
corresponding velocity.
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.2
SOLUTION:
• Integrate twice to find v(t) and y(t).
dv
 a  9.81 m s 2
dt
v t 
t
vt   v0  9.81t
 dv    9.81dt
v0
0
vt   10
dy
 v  10  9.81t
dt
y t 
t
 dy   10  9.81t dt
y0
0
m 
m
  9.81 2  t
s 
s 
y t   y0  10t  12 9.81t 2
m
 m 
y t   20 m  10 t   4.905 2 t 2
 s 
s 
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.2
• Solve for t at which velocity equals zero and evaluate
corresponding altitude.
vt   10
m 
m
  9.81 2  t  0
s 
s 
t  1.019 s
• Solve for t at which altitude equals zero and evaluate
corresponding velocity.
m 2
 m 
y t   20 m  10 t   4.905 2 t
 s 
s 
m

 m
y  20 m  10 1.019 s    4.905 2 1.019 s 2
 s

s 
y  25.1 m
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.2
• Solve for t at which altitude equals zero and
evaluate corresponding velocity.
m
 m 
y t   20 m  10 t   4.905 2 t 2  0
 s 
s 
t  1.243 s meaningles s 
t  3.28 s
vt   10
m 
m
  9.81 2  t
s 
s 
v3.28 s   10
m 
m
  9.81 2  3.28 s 
s 
s 
v  22.2
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m
s
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Uniform Rectilinear Motion
For particle in uniform rectilinear motion, the acceleration is zero and
the velocity is constant.
dx
 v  constant
dt
x
t
x0
0
 dx  v  dt
x  x0  vt
x  x0  vt
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion
For particle in uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion, the acceleration of
the particle is constant.
dv
 a  constant
dt
v
t
v0
0
 dv  a  dt
v  v0  at
v  v0  at
dx
 v0  at
dt
x
t
x0
0
 dx   v0  at dt
x  x0  v0 t  12 at 2
x  x0  v0 t  12 at 2
dv
v  a  constant
dx
v
x
v0
x0
 v dv  a  dx
1
2
v 2  v02   ax  x0 
v 2  v02  2a x  x0 
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Motion of Several Particles: Relative Motion
• For particles moving along the same line, time
should be recorded from the same starting
instant and displacements should be measured
from the same origin in the same direction.
xB A  xB  x A  relative position of B
with respect to A
xB  x A  xB A
vB A  vB  v A  relative velocity of B
with respect to A
vB  v A  vB A
aB A  aB  a A  relative acceleration of B
with respect to A
aB  a A  aB A
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.4
SOLUTION:
• Substitute initial position and velocity
and constant acceleration of ball into
general equations for uniformly
accelerated rectilinear motion.
• Substitute initial position and constant
velocity of elevator into equation for
uniform rectilinear motion.
Ball thrown vertically from 12 m level
in elevator shaft with initial velocity of
18 m/s. At same instant, open-platform
elevator passes 5 m level moving
upward at a constant velocity of 2 m/s.
Determine (a) when and where ball hits
elevator and (b) relative velocity of ball
and elevator at contact.
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
• Write equation for relative position of
ball with respect to elevator and solve
for zero relative position, i.e., impact.
• Substitute impact time into equation
for position of elevator and relative
velocity of ball with respect to
elevator.
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.4
SOLUTION:
• Substitute initial position and velocity and constant
acceleration of ball into general equations for
uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion.
v B  v0  at  18
m 
m
  9.81 2 t
s 
s 
m
 m 
y B  y0  v0t  12 at 2  12 m  18 t   4.905 2 t 2
 s 
s 
• Substitute initial position and constant velocity of
elevator into equation for uniform rectilinear motion.
vE  2
m
s
 m
y E  y0  v E t  5 m   2 t
 s
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.4
• Write equation for relative position of ball with respect to
elevator and solve for zero relative position, i.e., impact.


y B E  12  18t  4.905t 2  5  2t   0
t  0.39 s meaningles s 
t  3.65 s
• Substitute impact time into equations for position of elevator
and relative velocity of ball with respect to elevator.
y E  5  23.65
y E  12.3 m
v B E  18  9.81t   2
 16  9.813.65
vB
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E
 19.81
m
s
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Motion of Several Particles: Dependent Motion
• Position of a particle may depend on position of one
or more other particles.
• Position of block B depends on position of block A.
Since rope is of constant length, it follows that sum of
lengths of segments must be constant.
x A  2 x B  constant (one degree of freedom)
• Positions of three blocks are dependent.
2 x A  2 xB  xC  constant (two degrees of freedom)
• For linearly related positions, similar relations hold
between velocities and accelerations.
dx
dx A
dx
 2 B  C  0 or 2v A  2v B  vC  0
dt
dt
dt
dv
dv
dv
2 A  2 B  C  0 or 2a A  2a B  aC  0
dt
dt
dt
2
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.5
SOLUTION:
• Define origin at upper horizontal surface
with positive displacement downward.
• Collar A has uniformly accelerated
rectilinear motion. Solve for acceleration
and time t to reach L.
• Pulley D has uniform rectilinear motion.
Pulley D is attached to a collar which
Calculate change of position at time t.
is pulled down at 3 in./s. At t = 0,
collar A starts moving down from K • Block B motion is dependent on motions
of collar A and pulley D. Write motion
with constant acceleration and zero
initial velocity. Knowing that velocity relationship and solve for change of block
B position at time t.
of collar A is 12 in./s as it passes L,
determine the change in elevation,
• Differentiate motion relation twice to
velocity, and acceleration of block B
develop equations for velocity and
when block A is at L.
acceleration of block B.
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.5
SOLUTION:
• Define origin at upper horizontal surface with
positive displacement downward.
• Collar A has uniformly accelerated rectilinear
motion. Solve for acceleration and time t to reach L.
v 2A  v A 02  2a A x A   x A 0 
2
 in. 
12   2a A 8 in. 
 s 
aA  9
in.
s2
v A  v A 0  a At
12
in.
in.
9 2t
s
s
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
t  1.333 s
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.5
• Pulley D has uniform rectilinear motion. Calculate
change of position at time t.
x D   x D 0  v D t
 in. 
x D   x D 0   3 1.333 s   4 in.
 s 
• Block B motion is dependent on motions of collar
A and pulley D. Write motion relationship and
solve for change of block B position at time t.
Total length of cable remains constant,
x A  2 x D  x B   x A 0  2 x D 0   x B 0
x A  x A 0  2xD  xD 0  xB  xB 0   0
8 in.  24 in.  x B   x B 0   0
xB  xB 0  16 in.
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.5
• Differentiate motion relation twice to develop
equations for velocity and acceleration of block B.
x A  2 x D  x B  constant
v A  2v D  v B  0
 in.   in. 
12   2 3   v B  0
 s   s 
vB  18
in.
s
a A  2a D  a B  0
 in. 
 9 2   vB  0
 s 
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
a B  9
in.
s2
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Curvilinear Motion: Position, Velocity & Acceleration
• Particle moving along a curve other than a straight line
is in curvilinear motion.
• Position vector of a particle at time t is defined by a
vector between origin O of a fixed reference frame and
the position occupied by particle.
• Consider particle which occupies position P defined


by r at time t and P’ defined by r  at t + Dt,


Dr dr

v  lim

dt
Dt 0 Dt
 instantaneous velocity (vector)
Ds ds

dt
Dt 0 Dt
v  lim
 instantaneous speed (scalar)
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Curvilinear Motion: Position, Velocity & Acceleration

• Consider velocity v of particle at time t and velocity

v at t + Dt,


Dv d v

a  lim

dt
Dt  0 D t
 instantaneous acceleration (vector)
• In general, acceleration vector is not tangent to
particle path and velocity vector.
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Derivatives of Vector Functions

• Let Pu  be a vector function of scalar variable u,




dP
DP
Pu  Du   Pu 
 lim
 lim
du Du 0 Du Du 0
Du
• Derivative of vector sum,

 

d P  Q  dP dQ


du
du du
• Derivative of product of scalar and vector functions,



d  f P  df
dP

P f
du
du
du
• Derivative of scalar product and vector product,

 

d P  Q  dP   dQ

Q  P 
du
du
du

 



d P  Q  dP
dQ

Q  P
du
du
du
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Rectangular Components of Velocity & Acceleration
• When position vector of particle P is given by its
rectangular components,

 

r  xi  y j  zk
• Velocity vector,

 
 dx  dy  dz 
v  i  j  k  xi  y j  zk
dt
dt
dt



 vx i  v y j  vz k
• Acceleration vector,



 d 2 x d 2 y  d 2 z 
a  2 i  2 j  2 k  xi  y j  zk
dt
dt
dt



 ax i  a y j  az k
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Rectangular Components of Velocity & Acceleration
• Rectangular components particularly effective
when component accelerations can be integrated
independently, e.g., motion of a projectile,
ax  x  0
with initial conditions,
x0  y0  0
ay  y   g
vx 0 , vy 0
Integrating twice yields
vx  vx 0
x  vx 0 t
v y  v y 0  gt
y  v y 0 y  12 gt2
• Motion in horizontal direction is uniform.
• Motion in vertical direction is uniformly accelerated.
• Motion of projectile could be replaced by two
independent rectilinear motions.
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11 - 30
Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Motion Relative to a Frame in Translation
• Designate one frame as the fixed frame of reference.
All other frames not rigidly attached to the fixed
reference frame are moving frames of reference.
• Position vectors for particles A and B with respect to


the fixed frame of reference Oxyz are rA and rB .

r
• Vector B A joining A and B defines the position of
B with respect to the moving frame Ax’y’z’ and

 
rB  rA  rB A
• Differentiating twice,




vB  v A  vB A vB A  velocity of B relative to A.




a B  a A  aB A aB A  acceleration of B relative
to A.
• Absolute motion of B can be obtained by combining
motion of A with relative motion of B with respect to
moving reference frame attached to A.
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.7
A projectile is fired from the edge of a
cliff with an initial velocity of 180m/s
with 30° angle with the horizontal.
Neglecting air resistance, find:
(a) the horizontal distance to the point
where the projectile hits ground (b) the
highest elevation above ground reached
by the projectile.
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.7
SOLUTION:
• For the vertical motion substitute the acceleration
and initial velocity into the equations for uniformly
accelerated motion.
(v y )0  (180m/s) sin 30  90 m/s
a  9.81m/s2
v y  (v y ) 0  at
 v y  90  9.81t
1
y  (v y ) 0 t  at 2  y  90t  4.9t 2
2
v y2  (v y ) 02  2ay  v y2  8100 19.62 y
• For the horizontal motion substitute the initial
velocity into the uniform motion equation.
(vx )0  (180m/s) cos30  155.9 m/s
x  (vx )0 t
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 x  155.9t
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Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.7
• Solve for the time needed to hit the ground then substitute
to find the horizontal distance.
y  150 m
 150  90t  4.9t 2
t 2  18.37t  30.6  0
 t  19.91s
x  155.9(19.91)
x  3100m
• Highest elevation reached when vertical velocity is zero.
0  8100 19.62 y
 y  413m
Highest Elevation 150 413  563m
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.9
Car A is traveling east at a constant speed of 36km/h.
As car A crosses the intersection, car B starts from rest
35m north of the intersection and moves south with a
constant acceleration of 1.2m/s2 .
Find: the position, velocity and acceleration of B
relative to A 5s after A crosses the intersection.
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Tangential and Normal Components
• Velocity vector of particle is tangent to path of
particle. In general, acceleration vector is not.
Wish to express acceleration vector in terms of
tangential and normal components.


• et and et are tangential unit vectors for the
particle path at P and P’. When drawn with
  
respect to the same origin, Det  et  et and
D is the angle between them.
Det  2 sin D 2 

Det
sin D 2  

lim
 lim
en  en
D 0 D
D 0 D 2

det

en 
d
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Tangential and Normal Components


• With the velocity vector expressed as v  vet
the particle acceleration may be written as



 dv dv 
det dv 
de d ds
a
 et  v
 et  v
dt dt
dt
dt
d ds dt
but 
det 
ds
 en
 d  ds
v
d
dt
After substituting,
dv
v2
 dv  v 2 
a  et  en
at 
an 
dt

dt

• Tangential component of acceleration reflects
change of speed and normal component reflects
change of direction.
• Tangential component may be positive or
negative. Normal component always points
toward center of path curvature.
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Tangential and Normal Components
• Relations for tangential and normal acceleration
also apply for particle moving along space curve.
 dv  v 2 
a  et  en
dt

dv
at 
dt
an 
v2

• Plane containing tangential and normal unit
vectors is called the osculating plane.
• Normal to the osculating plane is found from

 
eb  et  en

en  principal normal

eb  binormal
• Acceleration has no component along binormal.
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
11 - 38
Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Radial and Transverse Components
• When particle position is given in polar coordinates,
it is convenient to express velocity and acceleration
with components parallel and perpendicular to OP.


r  rer

der 
 e
d
• The particle velocity vector is

der dr 
dr 
d 
 d 
v  rer   er  r
 er  r
e
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt


 r er  r e

de

  er
d


der der d  d

 e
dt
d dt
dt


de de d
 d

  er
dt
d dt
dt
• Similarly, the particle acceleration vector is
d  
 d  dr 
a   er  r
e 
dt  dt
dt 


d 2 r  dr der dr d 
d 2 
d de
 2 er 

e  r 2 e  r
dt dt dt dt
dt dt
dt
dt


 r  r 2 er  r  2r e

© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

11 - 39
Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Radial and Transverse Components
• When particle position is given in cylindrical
coordinates, it is convenient to express the
velocity and acceleration
vectors using the unit

 
vectors eR , e , and k .
• Position vector,



r  R e R z k
• Velocity vector,


 dr  


v
 R e R  R e  z k
dt
• Acceleration vector,


 dv


2




  R eR  R  2 R  e  z k
a
 R
dt

© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

11 - 40
Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.10
SOLUTION:
• Calculate tangential and normal
components of acceleration.
• Determine acceleration magnitude and
direction with respect to tangent to
curve.
A motorist is traveling on curved
section of highway at 60 mph. The
motorist applies brakes causing a
constant deceleration rate.
Knowing that after 8 s the speed has
been reduced to 45 mph, determine
the acceleration of the automobile
immediately after the brakes are
applied.
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
11 - 41
Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.10
SOLUTION:
• Calculate tangential and normal components of
acceleration.
Dv 66  88 ft s
ft
at 

 2.75 2
Dt
8s
s
an 
60 mph  88 ft/s
45 mph  66 ft/s
v2


88 ft s 2
2500 ft
 3.10
ft
s2
• Determine acceleration magnitude and direction
with respect to tangent to curve.
ft
2
2
2
2
a

4
.
14
a  at  an   2.75  3.10
s2
  tan
1 an
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
at
 tan 1
3.10
2.75
  48.4
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Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.12
SOLUTION:
• Evaluate time t for  = 30o.
• Evaluate radial and angular positions,
and first and second derivatives at
time t.
Rotation of the arm about O is defined
by  = 0.15t2 where  is in radians and t
in seconds. Collar B slides along the
arm such that r = 0.9 - 0.12t2 where r is
in meters.
• Calculate velocity and acceleration in
cylindrical coordinates.
• Evaluate acceleration with respect to
arm.
After the arm has rotated through 30o,
determine (a) the total velocity of the
collar, (b) the total acceleration of the
collar, and (c) the relative acceleration
of the collar with respect to the arm.
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
11 - 43
Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.12
SOLUTION:
• Evaluate time t for  = 30o.
  0.15t 2
 30  0.524 rad
t  1.869 s
• Evaluate radial and angular positions, and first
and second derivatives at time t.
r  0.9  0.12 t 2  0.481 m
r  0.24 t  0.449 m s
r  0.24 m s 2
  0.15 t 2  0.524 rad
  0.30 t  0.561rad s
  0.30 rad s 2
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
11 - 44
Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.12
• Calculate velocity and acceleration.
vr  r  0.449 m s
v  r  0.481m 0.561rad s   0.270 m s
v
  tan 1 
v  vr2  v2
vr
v  0.524 m s
  31.0
ar  r  r 2
 0.240 m s 2  0.481m 0.561rad s 2
 0.391m s 2
a  r  2r


 0.481m  0.3 rad s 2  2 0.449 m s 0.561rad s 
 0.359 m s 2
a  ar2  a2
a
  tan 1 
ar
a  0.531m s
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
  42.6
11 - 45
Seventh
Edition
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 11.12
• Evaluate acceleration with respect to arm.
Motion of collar with respect to arm is rectilinear
and defined by coordinate r.
a B OA  r  0.240 m s 2
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11 - 46