Spars and derricks
Capt. K. De Baere
Spars
• Rondhouten
• Espars
Spars - definition
• Metal construction (cylindrical or square) to
support cargo handling gear, navigation lights,
radio antennas, flags and sails etc.
• Samson posts (mâtereau) – light construction
often used to support radar or radio antennas, deck
lightening also used as ventilation shaft
• Derrick posts (mât) – Heavier construction used
to support the derricks
• Derrick (mât de charge)
Older ship
Rondhouten - Espars
1. Fokkemast – mât de
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
misaine
Fokkesteng – mât de
hune
Grote mast – grand mât
Grote steng – grand mât
de hune
Laadpalen – mât ou
mâtereau
Laadboom – mât de
charge
Gaffel – corne de vergue
8. Vlaggestok – mât de
pavillon
9. Guesstok – mât de
pavillon d’étrave
Staand tuig – Le
gréement dormant
A. Voorstag – l’étais de
B.
C.
D.
E.
misaine
Voorstengstag –l’étais de
petit mât de hune
Fokkewant – les
manœuvres dormantes
du mât de misaine
Voorstengpardoen –
galhauban(s)
Grootstag – l’étais du
grand mât
F. Grootsteng gestag –
l’étais du petit mât de
hune
G. Grootwant – les
manœuvres dormantes
du grand mât
H. Grootstengpardoen –
galhauban
I. Achterstag – hauban
J. Knikstag
K. Schoorsteenstagen – les
étais de la cheminée
Terminology ? – I think we are
lucky
Lopend tuig – le gréement
courant
L. Boomhangers –
martinets
M. Antenne – l’antenne
N. Vlaggelijnen - drisses
Idem dito !
Spars on a more modern coaster
1. Geusstok – jack staff
2.
Fokkemast – foremast
3.
Kraanarmmik – jib
support
4.
Kraanmast – pedestal +
slewing bearing + crane house
5.
Radarmast and Christmastree
6. Vlaggestok - flagstaff
Masts (mât) and Samson
(mâtereau) posts
• On modern shipping very little standing
rigging (gréement dormant) is used to keep
the decks as free as possible
• Masts on general cargo ships are a lot
heavier than on passenger ships or tankers
• Masts are self supporting and are passing
through upper- and tweendecks
Parts of a modern mast – passing through
several decks
Mastkloot
Pomme de mât
Steng
Le mât de hune
Zadel
Cross tree
Ondermast
Bas-mât
Parts of a modern mast
• Cross tree also serves as crow’s nest (nid de pie)
• Cross tree is used to fix the mast head span blocks
(poulie de martinet)
• On a certain height above deck derrick supports
are provided (to make the derricks sea fast)
• Mast, samson posts, derrick supports are often
combined with ventilation shafts, deckhouses (des
roufs) and entrances to the cargo holds (cales)
beneath
A. Square mast – not
B.
C.
D.
E.
supported
Samson posts
(mâtereau)
Ventilation shaft
(conduit de
ventilation) also used
as derrick support
Heavy lift derrick
(boom) (grosse
bigue)
Sea position of the
derricks
Derrick - definition
• A derrick is a lifting device composed of one
mast or pole which is hinged freely at the bottom.
It is controlled by (usually 4) lines powered by
some such means as man-hauling or motors, so
that the pole can move in all 4 directions. A line
runs up it and over its top with a hook on the end,
• The device was named after Thomas Derrick, an
English executioner (beul – bourreau) from the
Elizabethan era because of its resemblance of the
frame from which a hangman's noose (strop –
corde) hangs.
a.
b.
F
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
p.
q.
Derrick
Heel fitting +
gooseneck trunnion
Derrick head
Mast head span eye
fitting
Mast head span
block
Span rope
Monkey face
Span chain
Topping lift
Snatch block
(k-l-m-r) clew lines –
Slewing guy
Cargo runner
Load hook
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
n.
o.
p.
q.
Derrick
Heel fitting + gooseneck
trunnion
Derrick head
Mast head span eye fitting
Mast head span block
Topping lift – span rope
Monkey face
Span chain
Topping rope
Snatch block
(k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing
guy
Cargo block
Heel lead block
Cargo runner
Load hook
a.
b.
Laadboom
Lummelpot met lummel
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
n.
o.
p.
q.
Nok van de boom
Hangeroog aan de mast
Hangerblok
Hanger
Walmplaat
Hangerketting
Boomtopper
Voetblok
(k-l-m-r) boomgeien
Cargo blok
Rammelblok
Laadreep
Laadhaak
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
n.
o.
p.
q.
Derrick
Heel fitting + gooesneck
trunnion
Derrick head
Mast head span eye fitting
Mast head span block
Topping lift – span rope
Monkey face
Span chain
Topping rope
Snatch block
(k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing
guy
Cargo block
Heel lead block
Cargo runner
Load hook
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
n.
o.
p.
q.
Mât ou corne de charge
Ferrement de pivot de pied
de corne
Tête de corne
Support de poulie de retour
Poulie de retour ou poulie
de martinet
Palan de suspente - martinet
Trèfle ou pallonier
Chaine d’apiquage
Cable d’apiquage
Poulie de retour
(k-l-m-r) pantoires de
brassage
Poulie de levage
Poulie de retour
Cartahu – câble de levage
Crochet de levage
Légende de la figure
a) Mât de charge ou corne
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
de charge
Crapaudine
Poulie de retour
Mâterau
Poulie de martinet
Martinet
Maille d’assemblage
Chaîne de martinet
i)
j)
k)
o)
p)
q)
r)
Queue de martinet
Polie de retour
Palan de garde
Poulie de charge
Cartahu
Crochet de charge
Treuil de charge
Legende van de figuur
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Laadboom
Lummel
Voetblok of rammelblok
Mast
Hangerblok
Hanger
Walmplaat
Hangerketting
i)
j)
k)
o)
p)
q)
r)
Boomtopper
Voetblok
Boomgeien
Laadblok
Laadreep
Laadhaak
Laadlier
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux
palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux
palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
1.Portal mast, mât portique
2.Cross tree (or upper transverse beam), hunc (ou traverse supérieure).
3.Mast head cargo lead block bearing bracket, support de marionnette de poulie de
retour de levage en tête de mât.
4.Mast head span bearing bracket, support de marionnette d’apiquage en tête de
mât.
5.Mast head span lead block bearing bracket, support de marionnette de poulie de
retour d’apiquage en tête de mât.
6.King post, mâtereau support de bigue.
7.Heavy derrick boom, bigue.
8.Derrick head span fitting, ferrement d’attache des palans d’apiquage en tête dc
bigue.
9.Derrick head cargo fitting, ferrement d’attache du palan de levage en tête de
bigue.
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à
deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Derrick heel fitting, ferrement de pied de bigue.
Gooseneck trunnion, pivot dc pied dc bigue.
Cargo winch, treuil de levage (ou treuil de charge).
Cargo runner (or cargo rope, or hoisting rope, or lifting rope, or cargo fall),
câble de levage, (ou câble de hissage, ou cartahu, ou garant de charge).
Mast head cargo lead block, poulie de retour de levage en tête de mât.
Cargo lead block trunnion, marionnette de poulie de retour de levage.
derrick head built in sheave, réa incorporé en tête de bigue
Shackles, manilles
upper cargo (purchase) block (or derrick head cargo (purchase) block),
poulie haute de levage (ou moufle supérieure de levage (ou moufle)
supérieure de levage)
Lower cargo block (or lower cargo purchase block), poulie basse de levage
(ou moufle inférieure de levage).
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à
deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
Becket, ringot.
Ramshorn hook, crochet double.
Cargo tackle, palan de levage.
Span winches (used also for slewing motions), treuils d’apiquage (utilisés
également pour les mouvements de brassage).
Span ropes, câbles d’apiquage.
Mast head span lead block, poulie de retour d’apiquage en tête de mât
Span lead block trunnion, marionnette de poulie de retour d’apiquage.
Derrick head span (purchase) block (or lower span (purchase) block), poulie
(ou moufle) d’apiquageen tête dc bigue (ou poulie basse d’apiquage, ou
muoufle inférieure d’apiquage).
Span triangle plate. trèfle (ou palonnier) d’apiquage.
swivel, émerillon
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à
deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
30. Span block trunnion, marionnette d’apiquage.
31. Double connecting fork, chape double de liason
32. Mast head span (purchase) block (or upper span (purchase) block), poulie
(ou moufle) d’apiquage en tête de mât (ou poulie basse d’apiquage ou
mofle supérieure d’apiquage ).
33. Span/slewing tackles, palans d’apiquage/brassage
Derricks - details
• Derricks are
constructed out of
Mannesman tubes
• Mannesman tubes
have a larger diameter
in the middle
• The bending moment
(contrainte de
flexion)is the greatest
in the middle
Derrick Heel Gooseneck Fitting
Ferrement de pivot de pied de corne
Lummel (crapaudine), lummelpot en bevestiging
rammelblok (poulie de retour)
Derrick Heel Gooseneck
Fitting
Ferrement de pivot de pied
de corne
Lummel, lummelpot en
bevestiging rammelblok
(poulie de retour)
Derrick head
A. Mast head with
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
provisions for the
slewing guys (gardes –
palans de brassage)
Mast head support
Span rope (to hold the
derrick in a certain
position)(câble dormant
d’apiquage ou martinet)
Cargo block
Slewing guys (gardes –
pantoires – palans de
brassage))
Topping lift (to change
the elevation of the
derrick)(palan de
suspente)
Span block fitting
• The hanger block (poulie de martinet) must be
attached so it can follow the movements of the derrick
Running hanger – topping lift
•
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
Heavy steel wire
One end is attached at
the mast head, the other
end goes to the the
topping winch
Saw tooth drum edge
(bords dentés du
tambour)
Blocking device (barre
de bloquage avec
poignée)
Topping lift (Queue
d’apiquage -> cargo
winch)
Span rope (martinet)
Topping/lowering a derrick
• Topping lift is fastened on f.i. on a cargo winch or
•
•
•
•
topping winch
When topping (heaving) the blocking bar rattles
the indents on the drum edge
When the correct elevation has been reached the
blocking falls behind the indents
When slacking the topping lift the tension is
transferred to the the span rope
If you want to lower the derrick the tension is
transferred to the cargo winch by means of the
topping lift. Hence the blocking bar can be lifted
and the topping lift and span rope slacked
Cargo Blocks and Heel lead
Blocks
• Used to guide the
cargo runner (cartahu)
• SWL of the block =
SWL on a single cargo
runner
• The point of
suspension (point de
soutien) of the block
(poulie) will carry
twice this weight
Cargo Blocks and Heel lead
Blocks
Lower cargo
blocks (poulie
de levage
inferieur) and
load hooks
Safety hooks and
variations
Cargo hooks (crochet de leave) –
1 sheave (réa)
Cargo hook – 2 sheaves (réa)
Different Cargo
hooks
Heavy Duty
models
Velle Derrick => 1 man operation
• Derricks are provided
with 2 double
topping/slewing guys
(gardes – palans de
brassage)
• Slewing guys: If one is
slacked and the other
one is heaved at the same
time the derrick swings
in the direction of the
rope being shortened.
• Both slewing guys are
Topping winch Slewing Winch
directed to the same
slewing winch but are
Treuil d’apiquage Treuil de brassage
mounted in opposite
directions
Same Sense Opposite sense
Velle Derrick
• Both other ends of the
slewing/topping guys are
directed to the topping
winch but here they are
mounted in the same
sense. If the winch is
operated both are turning
in the same direction and
the derrick is lowered or
heaved up
• Spreader = Traversin =
dwarsbalk
Velle
Derrick
Velle Derricks
MV Advantage
• 1 Stulcken derrick
150 MT
• 4 Velle derricks
35MT
Velle Derrick
Velle Derrick
Hallen
Derrick
Similar working principle
to the Velle Patent.
No Spreader (traversin) –
Function has been taken
by the very typical
construction at the top of
the mast
Hallen Derrick
Hallen
Derrick
Heavy lift derricks
• Fully rigged heavy lift
derrick in upright
position (la grosse
bigue avec gréement
complet)
Heavy Lift Derrick
Stulcken Patent
Heavy Lift
Derrick
Stulcken Patent
Stulcken 105 ton
Stulcken 150 ton
Revolving Cranes
• In revolving cranes, the entire topping moment
(moment de suspente ou d’apiquage) that is working on
the crane is transferred to the ship’s construction via
the slewing bearing (roulement de rotation). This
system, however, is not suitable for very large forces
like the ones on heavy lift ships. Instead, derricks (mast
cranes) are still used.
• A feature of a mast crane is that the crane is built on a
heavy, fixed mast. The jib is attached in two places to a
slewing platform.
Revolving Cranes
• The pulley block and the fixed top blocks (poulie de
retour – poulie du martinet) (hangerblok &
rammelblok) are located in the top of the mast. The top
of the mast is free to rotate relative to the mast
foundation and rotates together with the jib (flèche).
The derricks described here often have no crane cabin.
The crane is remotecontrolled by a control panel that
either lies somewhere or is strapped onto the shoulders
of an operator. The cranes depicted here are all driven
electrically.
Mast Cranes
• The hook block (poulie de levage) is made so heavy that
it slacks (larguer) itself. This is necessary, but requires
a large weight because the runner (cartahu) is a very
thick and therefore tough steel cable that does not slack
easily.
2 Mast
Cranes
Working A
Heavy
Piece Of
Cargo in
Tandem
Mast Cranes
Legend
1. Mast
2. Jib
3. Topping lift & running
part of the hoisting
rope
4. Hook Block
5. Cargo Hook
6. Hook of auxiliary hoist
7. Slewing bearing
8. Mast foundation
9. Hatch
10. Anti-heeling tanks
11. Top of the mast