PHASES OF MATTER AND
KINETIC MOLECULAR
THEORY
One of the main assumptions of the kinetic
molecular theory of gases is that the particles of an
ideal gas —
A
B
C
D
must be single atoms instead of molecules
are in constant motion
must be maintained at very high pressures
must be highly chemically reactive
An ice-skating rink has tubes under its floor to freeze the
water. Salt water is cooled well below the freezing point
of water and pumped through the tubes to freeze the
water in the rink. Why can the salt water be cooled so
low without freezing?
A
B
C
D
Salt has a very low freezing point.
Adding salt to water lowers its freezing point.
Movement of the salt water through the tubes keeps it in
the liquid state.
The salt water is constantly absorbing energy from its
surroundings
The decrease in the vapor pressure of the solvent that occurs when a
solute is added to the solvent causes an increase in the boiling point and
decrease in the melting point of the solution.
What probably
causes water to
have the highest
specific heat of
the substances
listed above?
A Molecule size
B Molecular mass
C Strong hydrogen bonds
D High density of ice
Soda water is a solution of carbon
dioxide in water. This solution is
composed of a —
A gaseous solute in a gaseous solvent
B liquid solute in a liquid solvent
C gaseous solute in a liquid solvent
D liquid solute in a gaseous solvent
The average kinetic energy of a sample
of water molecules is —
A increased as the temperature is decreased
B increased as the temperature is increased
C unaffected by temperature changes
D always equal to zero
If the heat of fusion of water is 80 cal/g, the
amount of heat energy required to change
15.0 grams of ice at 0º C to 15.0 grams of
water at 0º C is—
A 80 cal
B 560 cal
C 1200 cal
D 2400 cal
80cal 15g
H 
x

g
A gas cylinder is filled
with 4.00 moles of
oxygen gas at 300.0 K.
The piston is compressed
to yield a pressure of
400.0 kPa. What is the
volume inside the
cylinder?
A 3.19 dm3
B 6.25 dm3
C 24.9 dm3
D 31.5 dm3
A gas cylinder is filled with 4.00 moles of
oxygen gas at 300.0 K. The piston is compressed
to yield a pressure of 400.0 kPa. What is the
volume inside the cylinder?
nRT
PV  nRT V 
P
kPa  dm3
4.00m olx8.31
x300K
m
ol
V
400.0kPa
A gas cylinder is filled
with 4.00 moles of
oxygen gas at 300.0 K.
The piston is compressed
to yield a pressure of
400.0 kPa. What is the
volume inside the
cylinder?
A 3.19 dm3
B 6.25 dm3
C 24.9 dm3
D 31.5 dm3
If the heat of fusion is 32.2 kJ/mol, the
amount of heat energy required to melt
5.67 grams of FeO is —
A
B
C
D
2.54 kJ
3.26 kJ
5.32 kJ
18.3 Kj
If the heat of fusion is 32.2 kJ/mol, the
amount of heat energy required to melt
5.67 grams of FeO is —
Molar Mass of FeO is
1(55.8) + 1(16.0) = 71.8 g
5.67gFeO 1m olFeO
x
 0.0790m olFeO
71.8 g
32.2KJ 0.0790m olFeO
x
 2.54KJ
m ol
If the heat of fusion is 32.2 kJ/mol, the
amount of heat energy required to melt
5.67 grams of FeO is —
A
B
C
D
2.54 kJ
3.26 kJ
5.32 kJ
18.3 Kj
Water has several unique properties such as high
boiling point, high surface tension, and low vapor
pressure. The type of attraction that best accounts
for these unique properties is —
A dispersion forces
B coordinate covalent bonding
C hydrogen bonding
D ionic bonding
An experiment yielded
the above temperature
and time information.
What is the freezing
point of the material in
this experiment if the
material is a solid at
time zero?
A -25º C
B 0º C
C 25º C
D 50º C
A sample of hydrogen gas is collected over
water at 25º C. The vapor pressure of water
at 25º C is 23.8 mmHg. If the total pressure
is 523.8 mmHg, what is the partial pressure
of the hydrogen?
Dalton’s Law P1 + P2 +… = PT
Phydrogen + Pwater = P Total
A 23.8 mmHg
B 47.6 mmHg
C 500.0 mmHg
D 523.8 mmHg
523.8 mm Hg
-
23.8 mm Hg
500.0 mm Hg
Water molecules have the greatest
kinetic energy in —
A ice at 0º C
B water at 100
373 0KC
C water at 98º C
D steam at 150º C
The table above lists the
melting and boiling
points of some metals.
Which metal remains
liquid over the widest
range of temperature?
A Copper
B Iron
C Lead
D Platinum
According to the
graph, what
happens at the
triple point of
water?
A Only ice and liquid water exist in equilibrium.
B Water exists only as a solid.
C Water exists only as a gas.
D Ice, water vapor, and liquid water exist in equilibrium
A gas cylinder with a volume of 3.00 dm3
contains 8.00 moles of oxygen gas at a
temperature of 50.0 K. What is the pressure
inside the cylinder?
A 504 kPa
B 1110 kPa
C 2220 kPa
D 3320 kPa
PV = nRT
kPa  dm3
8.00m olx8.31
x50.0 K
nRT
m ol K
P P  

3
V
3.00dm
Water can be made to boil above its
normal boiling point of 100º C by —
A decreasing the air pressure
B increasing the air pressure
C increasing the heat being applied
D decreasing the volume of the container
E. PASS THE SOL!
Which numbered
process represents
condensation?
A1
B2
C3
D4
A tank contains N2 at 1.0 atm and O2 at
2.0 atm. Helium is added to this tank
until the total pressure is 6.0 atm. What
is the partial pressure of the helium?
A 4.0 atm
B 3.0 atm
C 2.0 atm
D 1.0 atm
6.0 atm – (1.0 atm + 2.0 atm) =
If the heat of fusion of water is 3.4 x
102 J/g, the amount of heat energy
required to change 15.0 grams of ice
at 0º C to 15.0 grams of water at 0º C
is —
A 3.4 x 102 J
B 2.4 x 103 J
C 5.1 x 103 J
D 1.0 x 104 J
If the heat of fusion of water is 3.4 x
102 J/g, the amount of heat energy
required to change 15.0 grams of ice
at 0º C to 15.0 grams of water at 0º C
is —
2
3.4 x10 J
x15g 
g
If the heat of fusion of water is 3.4 x
102 J/g, the amount of heat energy
required to change 15.0 grams of ice
at 0º C to 15.0 grams of water at 0º C
is —
A 3.4 x 102 J
B 2.4 x 103 J
C 5.1 x 103 J
D 1.0 x 104 J
If the pressure exerted on a
confined gas is doubled, then the
volume of the gas —
A increases four times
B decreases by one-fourth
C is doubled
D is halved
Which of the following liquids
would exhibit the highest vapor
pressure at 25.0º C?
A Water, boiling point = 100º C
B Glycerine, boiling point = 290º C
C Ethyl alcohol, boiling point = 78.3º C
D Ether, boiling point = 34.6º C
Equal quantities of different liquids are
placed in closed manometers at 20º C.
Which liquid has the highest vapor
pressure?
A sample of oxygen gas is collected over
water at 22º C and 98.67 kPa pressure.
If the partial pressure of the water is
2.67 kPa, the partial pressure of the
oxygen is —
A 93.33 kPa
B 96.00 kPa
C 98.66 kPa
D 101.33 kPa
A sample of oxygen gas is collected over
water at 22º C and 98.67 kPa pressure.
If the partial pressure of the water is
2.67 kPa, the partial pressure of the
oxygen is —
P1  P2  P3..... Pn  Ptotal
Poxygen  Pwater  Ptotal
P

P

P
98total
.67 kPa water
2.67 kPA Oxygen
96.00kPa
A sample of oxygen gas is collected over
water at 22º C and 98.67 kPa pressure.
If the partial pressure of the water is
2.67 kPa, the partial pressure of the
oxygen is —
A 93.33 kPa
B 96.00 kPa
C 98.66 kPa
D 101.33 kPa
The specific heat capacity of a
substance is the quantity of heat
required to change the temperature
of 1 gram of a substance by —
A 1º C
B 5º C
C 10º C
D 20º C
Which of the following could cause a
gaseous substance to liquefy?
We can liquefy a gas by either cooling it
and/or pressurizing it.
A. An increase in pressure
B. An increase in volume
C. An increase in temperature
D. A decrease in number of moles
According to Charles’ law, the
volume of a fixed amount of gas is
directly proportional to —
Simply stated, Charles' Law indicates that for a fixed
amount of gas (fixed number of moles) at a fixed pressure,
the volume is proportional to the temperature.
A. isoelectric mixture
B. vapor concentration
C. barometric pressure
D. Kelvin temperature
V1 V2

T1 T2
The energy required to melt a solid
into a liquid is called —
A. heat of vaporization
B. heat of fusion
C. cooling curve
D. triple point
Industrial deep-sea divers must breathe a
mixture of helium and oxygen to prevent a
disorienting condition known as nitrogen
narcosis. If a diver’s tank is filled with a
helium-oxygen mixture to a pressure of 170
atmospheres and the partial pressure of helium
is 110 atmospheres, the partial pressure of the
oxygen is —
P1 + P2 + P3 + … = PTotal
A. 60 atm
B. 110 atm
C. 140 atm
D. 280 atm
Therefore Ptotal – PHe = PO
170 atm -110 atm = 60 atm
A sample of nitrogen occupies 10.0
liters at 25oC and 98.7 kPa. What
would be the volume at 20oC and
102.7 kPa?
A. 7.87 L
B. 9.45 L
C. 10.2 L
D. 10.6 L
P1V1 P2V2

T1
T2
Use combined gas law
and convert degrees
Celcius to Kelvin.
Each balloon was filled
with an identical number
of moles of gas. Which
of the following best
explains why balloon B
is larger than balloon A?
A. The gas in balloon A is under less pressure.
B. The gas in balloon A is warmer.
C. The gas in balloon B is under more pressure.
D. The gas in balloon B is warmer.
Line D represents water.
If the atmospheric
pressure in a flask is
lowered to 70 kPa, water
would boil at what
temperature?
A. 32° C
B. 70° C
C. 92° C
D. 100° C
Solid magnesium has a specific heat
of 1.01 J/g  °C. How much heat is
given off by a 20.0 gram sample of
magnesium when it cools from 70.0°
C to 50.0° C?
A. 202 J
B. 404 J
C. 808 J
D. 1010 J
H  C p xmxT
1.01J
o
H  o x 20.0 gx20 C
g C
Which of the following best describes
sublimation?
A. A solid melting to a liquid
B. A solid melting to a liquid, which then
evaporates
C. The movement of gaseous particles so
that they fill the space they occupy
D. A solid forming a gas
The freezing point and the boiling point of
water can be altered by a variety of
techniques. Which of the following has
little or no effect on the boiling point of
water?
A. Increasing the air pressure above the
liquid
B. Adding alcohol to the water
C. Adding sodium chloride to the water
D. Increasing the amount of water
Standard atmospheric
pressure is 101.3 kPa.
According to the
graph, which of these
four liquids boils at the
lowest temperature?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
The higher the vapor pressure the
lower the boiling point!
Between points 2
and 3, energy is
being used to —
A. melt ice
B. heat water
C. evaporate water
D. heat water vapor
According to Boyle’s law, the relationship
between the pressure and volume of a gas
at constant temperature is —
A. numerically equivalent
B. inversely proportional
C. positively correlated
D. totally unrelated
Charles’ Law states that if a given
quantity of gas is held at a constant
pressure, then its volume is directly
proportional to the absolute
temperature. This law explains why —
A. the pressure of a gas increases when volume decreases
B. a gas-filled balloon expands when it is heated
C. solids require heat in order to change into gases
D. some gases only react with each other at high
temperatures
The amount of energy needed to
raise one gram of a substance one
degree Celsius is a characteristic
property known as —
A. heat of formation
B. heat of vaporization
C. molar heat of fusion
D. specific heat capacity
The total pressure of an O2-Ar-He gas
mixture is 755 mm Hg. If the partial
pressure of Ar is 174 mm Hg and the
partial pressure of He is 389 mm Hg, then
the partial pressure of O2 is —
A. 192 mm Hg
B. 282 mm Hg
C. 366 mm Hg
D. 563 mm Hg
755 mm Hg – [174 mmHg + 389 mm Hg] = 192 mm Hg
Study the
SOL
Test is Next!