ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
LIGHTING DESIGN PROCESS
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What am I trying to do?
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How am I going to do it?
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What lamp (or light source) will do what I need it to do?
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What fixture will accept that light source?
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING
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Energy Efficient Lighting should never “look” energy efficient
•
Do our determining factors change just because we are using
energy efficient fixtures?
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Draw comparisons to energy efficient appliances...are you giving
anything up? Are you losing expected qualities in order to
achieve energy efficient standards?
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING
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What are the most important “determining factors”?
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Color temperature, Color Rendering, Glare Control, Dimming,
Effect on People
•
Use the same critical process in selecting energy efficient lighting
that you would use for “normal” lighting.
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
LED TECHNOLOGY
LED
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Good for intense, directional lighting
CFL
•
Good for wide-spread, softer
illumination
such as highlighting
•
Instant “on” to full intensity
•
Not instant “on” to full intensity
•
Full range dimming
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Not true full range dimming
•
No mercury
•
Mercury disposal issues
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Very high initial cost
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Affordable initial cost
•
Emerging technology with potential to
•
Established technology that has
be obsolete quickly in favor of advanced
improved greatly
product
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
LED TECHNOLOGY
WHAT TO LOOK FOR
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EXACT COLOR TEMPERATURE LISTING
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COMPATIBILITY OF DIMMERS WITH DRIVER (MLV, ELV, 0-10 VOLT)
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ABILITY TO DISSIPATE HEAT
•
ABILITY TO CONTROL GLARE
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RELIABILITY OF MANUFACTURER
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REMOTE PHOSPHOR vs. MULTIPLE ARRAY
•
SUSTAINABILITY / ABILITY TO UPGRADE COMPONENTS
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LIFE OF LED (LM-70) / LIFE OF DRIVER???
•
LENGTH OF WARRANTY...(FIXTURE, FIXTURE + LABOR)
•
ACCURATE COMPARISON TO NON-LED LIGHT SOURCE
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
D.O.E. LIGHTING FACTS LABEL
Lumen Output
Efficacy
Color Rendering
Color Temperature
www.ssl.energy.gov/
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
New Construction
• Color Temperature
• Color Rendering
• Quantity of Light
• Cutoff / Glare Control
• Energy Efficiency
• Initial Cost
• Effect on People
Retrofit
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Compatibility with
existing fixtures
Color Temperature
Color Rendering
Quantity of Light
Cutoff / Glare Control
Energy Efficiency
Initial Cost
Effect on People
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
LIGHTING TERMINOLOGY
Color Temperature
The color temperature is a specification of the color appearance of a
light source, relating to the color of a reference source heated to a
particular temperature, measured by the thermal unit Kelvin. The
measurement can also be described as the “warmth” or coolness” of a
light source.
The outward appearance of the color of a light source
(i.e. warm or cool).
Glossary definitions as defined by Architectural Lighting Magazine 2008.
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
INCANDESCENT
LOW VOLTAGE HALOGEN
3000K FLUORESCENT
3500K FLUORESCENT
4100K FLUORESCENT
4200K COOL WHITE
NOON DAYLIGHT
2700K
2850K
3000K
3500K
4100K
4200K
6000K
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CORRELATED COLOR TEMPERATURE (CCT)
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
LIGHTING TERMINOLOGY
Color Rendering
A scale of the effect of a light source on the color appearance of an
object compared to its color appearance under a reference light
source. Expressed on a scale of 1 to 100, where 100 indicates no
color shift. A low CRI rating suggests that the colors of objects will
appear unnatural under that particular light source.
The ability of a light source to render colors in comparison to
other light sources of a similar color temperature.
Glossary definitions as defined by Architectural Lighting Magazine 2008.
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
SPECTRAL POWER DISTRIBUTION
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
UNDERSTANDING CUT-OFF
45 deg. cut-off angle
Not 45 deg. cut-off angle
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
COMPARING CFL TO LED
Fixture #1: 6” aperture 32 watt CFL Recessed Downlight
http://www.junolightinggroup.com/Attachments/images/content/SpecSheets/J1.1.2
4_C6H%20Downlight%20Triple.pdf
Fixture #2: 6” aperture 21 watt LED Recessed Downlight
http://www.junolightinggroup.com/attachments/images/content/specsheets/L6L600H.pdf
Fixture #3: 6” aperture 21 watt LED Recessed Downlight
http://www.junolightinggroup.com/attachments/images/content/specsheets/L6L600P.pdf
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
COMPARING CFL TO LED
Fixture #1: 6” 32w CFL
Fixture #2: 6” 21w LED
•59.6% fixture efficiency
•1.37 spacing criteria
•43 fc at 6’ x 6’ spacing
•18,000 hour lamp life
•lower initial cost
•64lm p/watt fixture efficiency
•0.86 spacing criteria
•44 fc at 6’ x 6’ spacing
•LM70 at 50,000 hours
•higher initial cost
Fixture #3: 6” 21w LED
•44lm p/watt fixture efficiency
•0.92 spacing criteria
•38 fc at 6’ x 6’ spacing
•LM70 at 50,000 hours
•higher initial cost
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #1 - WOMENS’ CLOTHING STORE (retrofit)
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #1 - WOMENS’ CLOTHING STORE (retrofit)
Existing Lighting:
• Track lighting with 50 watt halogen PAR30/HIR/NFL25 lamps (qty 70)
• Track lighting with (2) 24 watt CFL wall wash heads
•Linear fluorescent wall grazing in alcoves
Problems:
• Overall wattage consumption of halogen track heads (3500 watts)
•Heat from halogen lamps and impact on HVAC system
•Relatively low lamp life (5000 hours)
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #1 - WOMENS’ CLOTHING STORE (retrofit)
Most Important Criteria:
•Reduce overall wattage consumption
•Reduce heat output and impact on HVAC system
•Reduce fixture maintenance by increasing lamp life
•No negative impact on color output of lighting
•No reduction in the quantity of light at product displays
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
Retrofit LED Lamp Option #1
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
Retrofit LED Lamp Option #1
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
Retrofit LED Lamp Option #2
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
Retrofit LED Lamp Option #2
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
INVERSE SQUARE LAW
FOOTCANDLES = CBCP / DISTANCE SQUARED
50PAR30/HIR/NFL25
LR30/25/27K/800
DFN/30SN/W27/NFL
2810 CCT
100 CRI**
620 Lumens
3200 CBCP
8’ Distance
2700 CCT
85 CRI
800 Lumens
4050 CBCP
8’ Distance
2700 CCT
85 CRI
725 Lumens
3014 CBCP
8’ Distance
50 Footcandles
63 Footcandles
47 Footcandles
50 Watts
13 Watts
13 Watts
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #1 - WOMENS’ CLOTHING STORE (retrofit)
Change to LED PAR30:
•Immediate reduction in
wattage consumption
•Immediate reduction in heat
output
•50,000 hour lamp life is 10
times existing lamps
•20% increase in light output
50
13
37
70
259
2.59
2.59
10
6
52
8081
8081
.10
808
2800
808
3.47
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #1 - WOMENS’ CLOTHING STORE (retrofit)
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #2 - SHOE SHOWROOM (new construction)
Most Important Criteria:
•Meet or exceed local energy codes (1 watt sq. ft) for ambient lighting
•Meet or exceed local energy codes (allowance) for “retail” lighting
•Excellent color temperature and color rendition
•Low fixture maintenance
•Clean, architectural appearance that complements architectural environment
•Highlight products in a better way than typical track lighting
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #2 - SHOE SHOWROOM (new construction)
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #2 - SHOE SHOWROOM (new construction)
“Typical” track lighting approach advantages:
•inexpensive initial fixture cost
•provides ultimate flexibility for changing displays
•end-user familiarity
“Typical” track lighting approach disadvantages:
•requires many heads to achieve a “wash” of light
•requires end user to constantly pay attention to proper aiming of lights
•does not support “clean” and architectural appearance to showroom
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #2 - SHOE SHOWROOM (new construction)
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #2 - SHOE SHOWROOM (new construction)
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #2 - SHOE SHOWROOM (new construction)
Lighting Fixture Types:
•Linear T5HO (3500K) cantilevered asymmetric wall washers (13.5 watts per
linear foot)
•Architectural indirect pendant system with integrated adjustable accent lighting
for highlights
•Indirect component is linear T5 (standard output) fluorescent (3500K)...provides
average of 20fc at .9 watts/sq. ft
•Direct adjustable component is 10 watt LEDMR16/NFL25 to replace 50 watt
halogen MR16 lamps
•Reception areas use 20 watt dedicated LED recessed wall washers
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #2 - SHOE SHOWROOM (new construction)
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #3 - HOUSE OF WORSHIP (retrofit)
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #3 - HOUSE OF WORSHIP (retrofit)
Existing Lighting:
• Track lighting with 75 watt halogen PAR30/HIR/NFL25 lamps (qty 100)
• Pendants with (4) 39 watt BIAX CFL lamps
•Indirect / direct wall sconces with 50 watt halogen PAR20/HAL/FL35 lamps
Problems:
• Overall wattage consumption of halogen track heads (7500 watts)
•Heat from halogen lamps and impact on HVAC system
•Relatively low lamp life (5000 hours)...maintenance is an issue due to ceiling
heights
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #3 - HOUSE OF WORSHIP (retrofit)
Most Important Criteria:
•Reduce overall wattage consumption
•Reduce heat output and impact on HVAC system
•Reduce fixture maintenance by increasing lamp life
•No negative impact on color output of lighting
•No reduction in the quantity of light at pews
•Fixtures must be able to dim smoothly, especially at lower levels
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
Retrofit LED Lamp Option #1
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
Retrofit LED Lamp Option #1
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
Retrofit LED Lamp Option #2
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
Retrofit LED Lamp Option #2
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
INVERSE SQUARE LAW
FOOTCANDLES = CBCP / DISTANCE SQUARED
75PAR30/HIR/NFL25
LR30/25/27K/1000
DFN/30SN/W27/NFL
2810 CCT
100 CRI**
714 Lumens
3800 CBCP
14’ Distance
2700 CCT
85 CRI
800 Lumens
5100 CBCP
14’ Distance
2700 CCT
85 CRI
725 Lumens
3014 CBCP
14’ Distance
20 Footcandles
26 Footcandles
15 Footcandles
75 Watts
16 Watts
13 Watts
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #3 - HOUSE OF WORSHIP (retrofit)
Change to LED PAR30:
•Immediate reduction in
wattage consumption
•Immediate reduction in heat
output
•50,000 hour lamp life is 10
times existing lamps
•greatly reduced
maintenance is biggest
advantage
•28% increase in light output
75
13
62
100
6200
6.2
6.2
2
7
52
4514
4514
.10
451
5000
451
11.0
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #4 - Office (new construction)
Fixture 1
3500 CCT
80+ CRI
3363 Lumens
L70 at 50,000 hours
46 Watts
Spacing Criteria ???
Fixture 2
3500 CCT
80+ CRI
5220 Lumens
L70 at 50,000 hours
72 Watts
Spacing Criteria 1.2 / 1.8
Fixture 3
3500 CCT
82 CRI
3617 Lumens
L70 at 50,000 hours
36 Watts
Spacing Criteria ???
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #4 - Office (new construction)
Fixture 1
Average:
Maximum:
Minimum:
Max/Min:
Avg/Min:
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
40.5fc
57.8fc
18
3.2:1
2.3:1
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #4 - Office (new construction)
Fixture 2
Average:
Maximum:
Minimum:
Max/Min:
Avg/Min:
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
53.8fc
71.8fc
27
2.7:1
2.0:1
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #4 - Office (new construction)
Fixture 3
Average:
Maximum:
Minimum:
Max/Min:
Avg/Min:
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
42.5fc
57.3fc
21.3
2.7:1
2.0:1
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #4 - RESTAURANT (retrofit)
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #4 - RESTAURANT (retrofit)
Existing Lighting:
• Recessed lights with 50 watt halogen MR16 lamps (qty 25)
• Chandelier with (12) 40 watt A-lamps
•Mini Pendants with 60 watt A-lamps (qty 5)
•Wall Sconces with 50 watt halogen MR16 lamps (qty 15)
Problems:
• Constant maintenance of lamp replacement
•Heat from halogen lamps and impact on wine bottles
•Relatively low lamp life (2500 hours)...
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #4 - RESTAURANT (retrofit)
Most Important Criteria:
•Reduce overall wattage consumption
•Reduce heat output and impact on HVAC system
•Reduce fixture maintenance by increasing lamp life
•NO NEGATIVE IMPACT ON COLOR OUTPUT!
•No reduction in the quantity of light tables
•Fixtures must be able to dim smoothly, especially at lower levels
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
Retrofit LED Lamp Option #1
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
Retrofit LED Lamp Option #1
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
Retrofit LED Lamp Option #2
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
Retrofit LED Lamp Option #2
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
INVERSE SQUARE LAW
FOOTCANDLES = CBCP / DISTANCE SQUARED
50MR16CFL40
LMR16/25/27K/500
DFN/16/W27/V2/FL
2810 CCT
100 CRI**
??? Lumens
1700 CBCP
7’ Distance
2700 CCT
85 CRI
500 Lumens
2550 CBCP
7’ Distance
2700 CCT
83 CRI
7475 Lumens
950 CBCP
7’ Distance
34 Footcandles
52 Footcandles
20 Footcandles
50 Watts
10 Watts
8 Watts
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
INDUCTION TECHNOLOGY
INDUCTION
METAL HALIDE
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•
Good for wide-spread, softer illumination
•
Instant “on” to full intensity
•
Step level dimming is common
•
Can be used with a variety of sensors
•
Moderate initial cost
•
Great for vibration sensitive areas
•
Rated for 100,000 hours
Good for wide-spread, softer
illumination
•
Can also be used as a directional
source
•
Not instant “on” to full intensity
•
Can be used with step level dimming
•
Moderate initial cost
•
Established technology that has
improved greatly...CMH
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
INDUCTION TECHNOLOGY
•
Good for wide-spread applications...typically not good as point source
•
Industrial applications...warehouses, docks, bridges, etc.
•
Excellent replacement for metal halide high bays...instant on, lamp life, color
stability
•
Good replacement for parking structure interior lighting
•
Good replacement for natatoriums
•
Good replacement for decorative street lighting
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
NOTES ON VISION and PUPIL LUMENS
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Photopic Vision (daytime / daylight vision) = design lumens
•
Photopic vision is registered by the cones in your eyes
•
Scotopic Vision (interior / nighttime vision) = pupil lumens
•
Scotopic vision is registered by the rods in your eyes
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
INDUCTION TECHNOLOGY
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #5 - EXTERIOR FACADE ILLUMINATION (new)
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #5 - EXTERIOR FACADE ILLUMINATION (new)
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #5 - EXTERIOR FACADE ILLUMINATION (new)
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012
ADVANCED LIGHTING DESIGN
CASE STUDY #5 - EXTERIOR FACADE ILLUMINATION (new)
SEPTEMBER 18TH AND 21ST, 2012