Introduction to the
Joint Military Appreciation
Process (JMAP)
References
ADFP 5.0.1 – Joint Military Appreciation
Process (JMAP)
ADDP 5.0 – Joint Planning
ADDP 2.0 – Intelligence
ADDP 3.0 – Campaigns & Operations
ADDP 4.2 – Support to Ops (Log)
Aim
To create a basic familiarity with the Joint
Military Appreciation Process (JMAP)
doctrine.
4 Key Takeaways
1.
JMAP is the only “Joint” planning process
2.
Requires Commander’s input at all stages
3.
Requires constant Joint Intelligence
Preparation of the Operational Environment
(JIPOE) updates to remain current
4.
Needs the input of all staff functions to be
successful
Preliminary Scoping (PS)
Provides context for the conduct of the JIPOE
and JMAP. Should normally cover:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Commander’s initial guidance
Strategic level direction
Intelligence update
Status of current operations
Time constraints and planning considerations
Force preparation and capability requirements
JIPOE: Steps
Analysis of the Operational environment
1.
2.
Define the Operational Environment
Describe the Operational Environment Effects
Analysis of the Adversary
3.
4.
Evaluate the Threat (inc En COG Matrix)
Determine Adversary Courses of Action (COA)
What is JMAP?
Logical decision-making process that incorporates
all staff functions towards developing the most
appropriate plans
Basis for joint planning within the ADF
–
(Immediate and Deliberate)
Interoperable with allied forces
-
Joint Operation Planning Process (JOPP) (US)
The Estimate Process (UK)
-
Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) (USMC)
-
Operational Level
JMAP is predominantly used at the Operational
level and covers:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Creation of Areas of Operation (JFAOs)
Courses Of Action (COAs)
Force Assignment
Logistic Feasibility/Sustainability
Command and Control
Risk Management
– The Concept Of Operations (CONOPS)
Mission Analysis (MA)
Mission Analysis ensures that:
• Commander and planning staff clearly
understand the Superior Commander’s intent,
one and two levels up.
• Planning is focused within the boundaries of
that intent.
• The mission and tasks are identified that are
essential to successfully satisfy the superior
Commander’s intent and achieve the end state.
Mission Analysis: Steps
1. Review the situation
2. Identify and analyse Superior
Commander’s intent and develop own
mission
3. Identify and analyse tasks
4. Determine freedom of action
5. Identify critical facts and assumptions
6. Draft Commander’s guidance
MA Step 1: Review the Situation
Critical to the formulation of the Mission:
• Review the operational environment and
environment effects (JIPOE)
• Review lessons learned
• Review own forces (COG Analysis)
• Analyse time factors
MA Step 2: Identify and Analyse Superior
Commander’s Intent and develop own
mission
What guidance has been given by the Superior
Commander/Government – Other Governments
Usually articulated by Purpose, Method and Endstate
Purpose:
To restore Whiteland Sovereignty
Method:
Overwhelming Force by air and sea to
remove Red from Whiteland
Endstate:
Red unable/unwilling to obtain Whiteland
by military action
MA Step 2: Identify and Analyse Superior
Commander’s Intent and develop own mission





Who?
What?
Where?
When?
Why?
Eg. Someone is to do something in a certain area by a
time in order to achieve something.
Example Mission
Who
What
Where
When
Why
Blue Force
are to defeat Red Force military operations
in AO Bell
from 01 Jun 2014
in order to maintain Blue sovereignty
MA Step 3: Identify Tasks
Specified:
- Protect Blueland interests
(and Essential)
E
- Ensure Safety of Blueland personnel and AFN
- Prevent Enemy Fighter Deployment
E
Implied:
- Force preparation and concentration
- Conduct Air Defence of JFAO
- Deploy SF to White IsIand
- Conduct Rear Area Security (RAS)
E
E
E
MA Step 4: Determine
Freedom of Action
LIMITATIONS
Constraints: (Things we have no control over)
• Weather
• Time
• Distance
Restrictions: (Placed by higher authority – may be changed)
• Adherence to the Rules of Engagement (ROE)
• Minimise collateral damage
• Notice To Move (NTM) of units
MA Step 4: Determine
Freedom of Action
RISK




Most operational risks cannot be eliminated
entirely.
Measured against the operational requirements
and mission.
Expressed in terms of a trade-off continuum =
cost-benefit analysis.
Risk can usually be effectively reduced – risk
mitigation. [But what is the cost?]
MA Step 5: Identify Critical Facts
and Assumptions
Facts:
• Red Forces have invaded White Island
• Red strike aircraft have range to strike over White Island
• UN has indicated they will not become involved
Assumptions: (to be turned into facts through CCIR process)
•
•
•
•
The international community will support our operations
No third party direct involvement on either side
USA will provide us with CIS, Intelligence and Log support
Red soldiers are susceptible to IO (PSYOPS)
MA Step 6: Commander’s
Guidance
At the final stage of Mission Analysis, the Commander is
briefed and then delivers formal guidance for the following
JMAP steps.
This guidance can be given by the Commander or
provided by planning staff for commander’s approval.
COA Dev: Steps
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Confirm Centre of Gravity (COG)
Review COG analysis
Develop broad COA
Develop decisive points (DP)
Develop lines of operation (LOO)
Develop detailed COA
Test COA
COA Dev Step 1: Confirm COG
Definition:
A characteristic, capability or locality from which
a military force, nation, alliance or other grouping
derives its freedom of action, strength or will to
fight.
COA Dev Step 2: Review COG
Analysis
CR
CV
CV
CC1
CR
CR
COG
CC2
CV
CV
CR
CC3
CV
CR
CV
CV
CV
CR
CV
COA Dev Step 2: Review COG
Analysis
CR
CV
CV
CC1
CR
CR
COG
CC2
CV
CV
CR
CC3
CV
CR
CV
CV
CV
CR
CV
COA Dev Step 3: Develop Broad
COAs
Broad COAs are now created:
– Direct Approach (Comd guidance)
– Indirect Approach (Comd guidance)
– Review of Adversary’s:
 Most Likely COA (JIPOE)
 Most Dangerous COA (JIPOE)
– Review of wider aims and intent (WNGO)
– Commander’s Guidance
COA Dev Step 4: Develop Decisive
Points (DP)
Definition:
A geographic place, key event, critical factor, or
function that, when acted upon, allows a commander
to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or
contribute materially to achieving success.
DPs are created from the amalgamation of like tasks
(in time or space) elicited from:
– Specified, implied & essential tasks
– Blue actions to attack Red COG
– Blue actions to protect own COG
COA Dev Step 4: Develop Decisive
Points (DP)
• A DP will articulate:
– A purpose,
– Outcome,
– Task, or
– Effect
• Expressed in past tense
• Must be measurable in terms of time, space or
magnitude
• Does not negate the requirement to achieve
Specified Tasks
COA Dev Step 5: Develop Lines of
Operation
DP1 - RED FREEDOM OF UNOBSERVED MANOEUVRE DENIED
DP2 - FORCE CONCENTRATION AND PREPARATION COMPLETED
DP3 - RED SLOC TO WHITE ISLAND DENIED
DP 1
DP 2
DP 4
TIME
C
O
G
ENDSTATE
DP 3
OPERATIONAL
DP4 – RED ALOC TO WHITE ISLAND DENIED
COA Dev Step 6: Develop Detailed
COA
PREPARATION
DEPLOYMENT
DETERRENCE
1
2
3
SUSTAIN
4
DP 1
CDP
DP 2
CDP
DP 4
DP 5
TIME
ENDSTATE
DP 3
C
O
G
OPERATIONAL
DP 6
SYNCHRONISATION MATRIX
BLUE
Red
Action
Phase
3
Main Effort
Deterrence
Phase
Main Effort
Time
B
A
T
T
L
E
S
P
A
C
E
D to D +3
Deep
Increase ISR - P3C/SSK/SF/JORN
Close
Recce White Is, covert SF deployment to WI, 1 x FFG
port visit. Increase ISR - P3C
Rear
Force preparation and concentration, logistic
stockpiling, reduce NTM/NFS
1
2,3
1
Tasks
Specified:
Sustainability
Increased stock build-up, POL to airbase and agreed
point
Deductions
DP 3,4 achieved
Implied:
Essential:
COA Dev Step 7: Test COA
Test each COA developed for:
• Suitability
• Feasibility
-
Time
Space
Means
Limitations
• Acceptability
• Sustainability
• Distinguishability
Course Of Action Analysis
COA Analysis identifies the advantages and
disadvantages of each COA developed in the
previous step of the JMAP.
The key to COA Analysis is the war game
process which validates each COA to determine
workability, strengths and weaknesses.
The output is a number of improved and viable
COA.
COA Analysis: Steps
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
War game set-up
Determine war game start state
Select war game method
Select war game recording method
Conduct war game
Decision & CONOPS
Development
This is the final step in the JMAP.
It involves the COMD making a decision on
which COA is to be developed into a
CONOPS.
The approved CONOPS forms the basis for
developing the OPORD.
Synchronisation
The JMAP has been used by the Planning
Group to create the CONOPS.
After it is approved by CDF, the main plan is
synchronised with supporting plans.
The OPORD (with annexes) is issued and the
CJTF prepares to execute.
4 Key Takeaways
1.
JMAP is the only “Joint” planning process
2.
Requires Commander’s input at all stages
3.
Requires constant Joint Intelligence
Preparation of the Operational Environment
(JIPOE) updates to remain current
4.
Needs the input of all staff functions to be
successful
Questions?