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Deck
Forecastle
Deck
THREE DIMENSIONAL HULL FORM
Transverse Section
Transverse Section
Stations
Body Plan
Horizontal Section
Waterline
Waterlines
Plan View
Vettical Sections
Buttocks
Buttocks
Profile View
Lines Plan
Offset Table
Cross Sectional Areas
GEOMETRIC DEFINITIONS
SHIP GEOMETRY
4.1
GEOMETRIC DEFINITIONS
LOA
LWL
LBP
f
LWL
D
T
BL
FP
AP
B
f
LWL
D
T
BL
Deck
Deck
Loaded waterline
B/2
Loaded waterline
Figure 4.1. General geometric definitions
STANDARD DEFINITIONS OF LENGTH
STANDARD DEFINITIONS OF LENGTH
Fore Perpendiculars (FP) : A line drawn perpendicular to the waterline at the point
where the forward edge of the stem intersects the summer load line.
Aft Perpendiculars (AP) : A line perpendicular to the waterline either (1) where aft edge
of the rudder post meets the summer load line or (2) in cases where no rudder post is
fitted, the centerline of the rudder pintles is taken .
Midships  The point midway between the forward and after perpendiculars
.
Centreplane (CL) : It is a referance plan that divide the ship in longitudinal direction in
the mid point of beam between port and starboard sides.
Baseline (BL) : A fore-and-aft reference line at the upper surface of the flat plate keel at
the centerline for flush shell-plated. Vertical dimensions are measured from a horizontal
plane through the baseline, often called the molded baseline.
Midship Section : The section of the ship at this point by a plane normal to both
the summer waterplane and the centreline plane of the ship is called the midship section.
It may not be the largest section of the ship. Unless otherwise defined the beam is usually
quoted at amidships.
Sheer Line the curvature of the deck in a longitudinal direction. It is measured between
the deck height at midships and the particular point along the deck.
Deck Camber : The rise or crown of a deck, athlwartship; also called round of beam. It
can be 1/50 times of beam as a standard value.
Parallel Body (LP) : The amidship portion of a ship with in which the contour of the
under water hull form is unchanged.
Siyer
Kıç
Baş
LWL
BL
LWL
BL
Şekil 4.2. Trimsiz ve trimli durum
CL
tumblehome
güverte
sehimi
f
LWL
levha omurga
sintine dönümü
radius
T
kalkıntı
Şekil 4.3. Enine kesit karakteristikleri
BL
Şekil 4.4. Section lines
Bulbous bow area (ABL) : Bulbous area at center plane.
Bulbous bow section area (ABT) : Bulbous bow area at fore perpendicular.
ABT
ABL
FP
Figure 4.5Bulbousbow area definition figure
Z
Su hatları
En kesitler
X
Y
Batoklar
Şekil4.6. Üç boyutlu tekne formu ve kesit düzlemleri
Table 4.1. Typical offset table
Yarı Genişlikler
İst
Küpeşte
Main Deck
5700
Yarı
Genişlik
7350
7710
5700
7540
9450
7170
7820
5700
7700
9450
5120
7400
7880
5700
7810
9450
4630
6440
7730
7900
5700
7900
9450
3830
6170
7280
7870
7900
5700
7900
9450
3200
5500
7120
7730
7900
7900
5700
7900
9450
3140
4700
6620
7620
7870
7900
7900
5700
7900
9450
2120
4730
5920
7270
7820
7900
7900
7900
5700
7900
9450
7
3780
5900
6720
7580
7880
7900
7900
7900
5700
7900
9450
8
4900
6390
7100
7710
7895
7900
7900
7900
5700
7900
9450
9
5070
6400
7080
7720
7890
7900
7900
7900
5700
7900
9450
10
4700
6170
6880
7570
7840
7900
7900
7900
5700
7900
9450
11
4000
5680
6450
7240
7860
7830
7900
7900
5700
7900
9450
12
3130
4990
5820
6700
7250
7540
7800
7900
5700
7850
9450
13
2230
4230
5040
6000
6620
7000
7480
7750
5700
7670
9450
14
1400
3500
4220
5120
5770
6250
6950
7430
5724
7300
9474
15
750
2730
3380
4180
4800
5320
6180
6950
5753
6730
9503
7900
16
330
1990
2530
3220
3780
4280
5250
6225
5783
6000
9536
7890
17
130
1380
1830
2400
2850
3260
4150
5320
5812
5100
9575
7730
18
60
920
1320
1730
1960
2170
2930
4190
5841
3970
9623
7270
19
40
550
900
1290
1250
1140
1650
2790
5870
2650
9682
6410
19 ½
40
380
700
1090
1050
610
970
2000
5885
1920
9715
5810
20
40
280
530
900
1000
-
320
1220
5900
1140
9748
5090
BL
0m
WL1/2
0.5 m
Ayna
-
-
WL 1
1m
-
WL 2
2m
-
WL 3
3m
-
WL 4
3.8 m
2140
WL 5
5m
6650
WL 6
6m
7550
0
-
-
-
-
-
3260
6900
½
-
-
-
-
600
4250
1
300
-
-
-
2280
2
300
-
1620
1620
3
300
1580
3820
4
370
1740
5
860
6
Yükseklik
Yükseklik
Yarı
Genişlik
9450
Figure 4.7. A typical lines plan
Form Coefficients
Midship Section Coefficient
B
AM
T
CM 
AM
B T
Waterplane Area Coefficient
B
AW P
L
CWP 
AW P
LB
Block Coefficient
B

L*B*T
L
CB 

L  B T
Prismatic Coefficient
B

L CP 
AW P
CP 


L  AM
B T
L  B  T AM

CB
CM
-Displacement /Length Ratio

3
L

C B LBT
3
L
 CB
B T
L L
BLOCK COEFICIENT CB
L WL
L WL
 A ( x ) dx
CB 
0
L WL B WL T


L WL B WL T
 xA ( x ) dx
LCB 
0
L WL
 A ( x ) dx
0
WATERPLANE AREA COEFICIENT (CWP)
A WL 
L WL
 B WL ( x ) dx
0
.
LWL
CWP 
B
WL
( x ) dx

0
LW L B W L
LWL
 xB
LCF 
WL
( x ) dx
0
LWL
B
0
WL
( x ) dx
AW L
LW L B W L
MIDSHIPS SECTION COEFFICIENT (CM)
CM 
AM
B WL T
PRISMATIC COEFICIENT (CP)
CP 

LW L A M


LW L B W L TC M

CB
CM
VERTICAL PRISMATIC COEFFICIENT (CVP)
C VP 

A WL T


L WL B WL TC

WP
CB
C WL
Example 4.6.
Find the form coefficients of a 100 m long barge with corss section as given below.
10m
1m
1.5
m
Midship cross section
Area
:
A M  10  1 
Midship cross section
area coefficient
:
CM 
Displacement Volume :
AM
B WL T
1
 10  0 . 5  12 . 5 m
2
2

12 . 5
10  1 . 5
 0 . 833
  A M L WL  100  12 . 5  1250 m
3
Block coefficient
Prizmatic coefficient
Waterplane area
coefficient:
: CB 


L WL B WL T
C P :
CB
CM
C WL 

1250
100  10  1 . 5
0 . 833
 0 . 833
1
0 . 833
A WL
L WL B WL

100  10
100  10
1
Örnek 4.3.
Find the form coefficients of a a barge with cross section as given below.
5m
1
Blok coefficient
:
CB 

AML

L WL B WL T
5
 2
L B WL T
5 3
5
5 3
2
1
Midship section coefficient
:
CM 
AM
B WL T
5
 2
5
5 3
2
5 3
2
L
2
 0 .5
 0 .5
L
Prizmatic coefficient
Waterplane area coefficient:
C P :
CB
CM
C WL 
Vertical prizmatic coefficient:
1
A WP

L WL B WL
C VP 
CB
C WL
LB
1
LB

0 .5
1
 0 .5
Example 4.1.
Find the form coefficients of a cylinderical barge with length of L and radius of R with
cross section as given below
R
R
Block Coefficent
C: B 

AML

L WL B WL T

L B WL T
Midship Section coefficient
: CM 
Prizmatic coefficient
:
CP
CB
CM
B WL T

/4
/4

*L

2

2R * R * L
4
R
AM
2
2
2  
2 RR
4
1
Waterplane area coefficient: C WL 
Vertical prizmatic coefficient C VP 
A WL

L WL B WL
CB
C WL

/4
1
L  2R
L  2R


4
1
Example 4.2
Calculate form coeffcients of the barge with length L with cross section as below.
R
R
4R
Block coefficient
: CB 

(
Prizmatic coefficient:
2
 4 RR ) L
8
4



 0 . 928
L WL B WL T
L B WL T
( 4 R  R  R ) RL
12
AML
2 R
Midship section coefficient
2 R
:
CM 
CP 
AM

B WL T
CB
CM
 1
2
 4 RR
8
4

 0 . 928
(4R  R  R )R
12
Waterplane area coefficient
Vertical prizmatic coefficent
C WL 
C VP 
A WP

L WL B WL
CB
C WL

6 RL
1
6 RL
0 . 928
1
 0 . 928
Example 4.5.
Calculate the form coefficients for a ship with the following characteristics.
Waterline length
LWL
200 m
Waterline breadth
BWL
22 m
Draught
T
7m
Prizmatic coefficient
CP
0.75
Loaded waterplane area
AWL
3500 m2
Displacement tonnage

23000 t
Sea water density

1.025 t/m3
CB 
CM 


L WL B WL T
CB
CP
C WP 

0 . 729

L WL B WL T 

23000
200  22  7  1 . 025
 0 . 972
0 . 75
A WP
L WL B WL

3500
200  22
 0 . 795
 0 . 729